Forecast Discussions mentioning any of "HRRR" "RAP" "RUC13" "RUC" "RR" received at GSD on 04/28/25


Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Aberdeen SD
640 PM CDT Sun Apr 27 2025 .KEY MESSAGES... - There is a Slight Risk (level 2 out of 5) of severe storms for central South Dakota late this evening into the early overnight hours and a Marginal Risk (level 1 out of 5) for eastern South Dakota and west central Minnesota mainly overnight. - There is an Enhanced Risk (level 3 out of 5) of severe storms along and east of I-29 Monday afternoon, with a Slight Risk (level 2 out of 5) to a Marginal Risk (level 1 out of 5) extending back into central South Dakota. Large hail, strong winds and tornadoes are possible along and east of I-29. && .UPDATE... Issued at 640 PM CDT Sun Apr 27 2025 The entire forecast area remains under a layer of low to mid clouds with thunderstorms starting to develop across western SD and western NE. We will continue to monitor these storms to the west as they shift closer to our area. Strong/damaging winds and large hail will remain a concern, particularly over central SD through around 08-09Z before diminishing in intensity across eastern SD and west central MN. The current SPC Day 1 Convective Outlook still looks reasonable, with the slight risk of severe storms mainly near and west of the Missouri River (west of ABR). There are still some small timing differences, with the latest HRRR nearly an hour quicker than some of the other CAMS. && .SHORT TERM /THIS EVENING THROUGH MONDAY NIGHT/... Issued at 307 PM CDT Sun Apr 27 2025 An upper level ridge will get pushed east tonight as a broad shortwave trough reaches the Rockies. Shortwave energy will ride up the east side of the trough and across the CWA late this evening and overnight. Will see additional energy affect the region Monday and Monday night as the northern portion of the trough strengthens and tracks across the Northern Plains. At the surface, the region is currently situated between high pressure to the east and low pressure to the west. The low will work its way to western South Dakota/Nebraska by midnight, then becomes centered over central South Dakota by Monday morning. Showers and thunderstorms will develop later this evening across southwestern South Dakota, then will track northeastward across the majority of the CWA overnight. A combination of the boundary with the low, the upper level energy, bulk shear of 45 to 60 knots, 1000-2000 J/kg of MUCAPE and a 35 to 45 knot low level jet, will result in the potential for some of the storms to be strong to severe, with large hail and strong wind gusts being the main threats. The far southwestern CWA may also see a brief period of time when conditions will be right for a tornado. The Storm Prediction Center has placed central South Dakota in a Slight Risk (level 2 out of 5) for severe storms and eastern South Dakota and west central Minnesota in a Marginal Risk (level 1 out of 5) for tonight. The surface low and associated boundary will make its way to eastern South Dakota by midday before tracking into Minnesota during the afternoon. After a brief respite in precipitation during the morning hours, additional daytime heating will result in 2000-3000 J/kg of MUCAPE and 35 to 45 knots of bulk shear, bringing another chance for thunderstorm development over portions of northeastern South Dakota into west central Minnesota from midday through mid to late afternoon, with again a chance for some of the storms to produce large hail and strong wind gusts, with a tornado or two possible. The Storm Prediction Center has placed far northeastern South Dakota and west central Minnesota in an Enhanced Risk (level 3 out of 5) for severe storms, areas west of there to the James River Valley in a Slight Risk (level 2 out of 5), and areas west of there including all but north central South Dakota in a Marginal Risk (level 1 out of 5). Will also see some post frontal precipitation potential Monday night, along with cooler air moving in as high pressure drops over the western Dakotas. Do not expect any accumulation, but could see light rain mix with, or briefly change over to, snow Monday night. The precipitation will come to an end over central South Dakota by midnight or so, with just some lingering showers across the east after midnight. Low temperatures tonight will be in the upper 40s to mid 50s. High temperatures on Monday will range from the mid 50s across north central South Dakota, to the lower 70s across far northeastern South Dakota and west central Minnesota. Lows Monday night will be in the mid 20s to lower 30s. && .LONG TERM /TUESDAY THROUGH SUNDAY/... Issued at 307 PM CDT Sun Apr 27 2025 As a surface high pressure moves into SD Tuesday morning, the chance for precipitation drops and temperatures start to warm. Mid- level WAA helps to keep temperatures around normal through Thursday, in the upper 50s to lower 70s. A frontal passage Wednesday afternoon/evening looks to bring some precipitation over central and eastern SD Wednesday evening until Thursday morning/afternoon. Models do vary slightly with the location and when the precipitation exits SD, though they are coming into more agreement over the past few model runs. Precipitation looks to be light, with the clusters having only a 20-30% chance for a tenth of an inch of rain to occur. After the passage of the frontal boundary, winds look to increase Thursday afternoon. Northwest winds have the potentially to gust up to if not over 25kts, mainly west of the Missouri River. Mid- level moisture helps to keep surface relative humidity values over 35%. Even with the stronger winds, the moisture and the fact things are starting to green up will help to reduce the need for a fire weather headline. After Thursday, an upper-level ridge and surface high pressure starts to move towards and over SD. This high pressure helps to keep the chance for precipitation lower while also helping to advect warm air into central and eastern SD. This looks to warm surface temperatures slightly, leading to the temperatures Friday and into the weekend warming 5-10 degrees hotter than normal. && .AVIATION /00Z TAFS THROUGH 00Z MONDAY/... Issued at 640 PM CDT Sun Apr 27 2025 Terminals KABR,KATY,KPIR,KMBG VFR conditions start us off at MBG/PIR over central SD, with plenty of lower clouds in the form of of low end MVFR ceilings at ABR/ATY. These lower clouds mark a more stable environment over eastern SD as we monitor storms over western SD/NE spread into our forecast area overnight through daybreak Monday. The mention of TS has been added to the forecast. LLWS will also be a concern at ATY from 11-14Z with winds just above the surface gusting near 40kts. Winds will increase behind cold front, with gusts of 25-35kts at most locations from 15Z on out of the northwest. && .ABR WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... SD...None. MN...None. && $$ UPDATE...06 SHORT TERM...Parkin LONG TERM...12 AVIATION...06
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service La Crosse WI
658 PM CDT Sun Apr 27 2025 .KEY MESSAGES... - The severe weather setup for Monday afternoon and night is coming into better focus and is shaping up to be rather complex in nature. - Monday morning storms look to be more disorganized in nature, but could produce marginally severe hail up to around 1 inch in diameter. - The Monday afternoon severe weather threat is highly conditional, but if storms were to form, they would be in a favorable environment for rapid development. These storms would have the potential to produce stronger tornadoes and larger hail in excess of 2 inches in diameter. - Storms that develop close to the dryline/cold front in western MN should move through later in the night and pose mainly a wind and embedded tornado threat. && .DISCUSSION... Issued at 210 PM CDT Sun Apr 27 2025 This Afternoon and Tonight Breezy south winds will continue this afternoon, especially west of the Mississippi River and in flatter areas before beginning to decrease after sunset, but some stronger winds are possible west of the river overnight. Cloud coverage increases across the area this evening and overnight as high pressure slides eastward and a warm front lifts northward through the area. Overnight lows fall into the low to mid 50s across much of the area. Monday Morning A least one ribbon (possibly several) of theta-e advection on the nose of a 40-50-kt LLJ are expected to result in scattered thunderstorm development after midnight tonight. Hodograph profiles through the effective inflow layer are rather compressed, thus organized/prolonged individual updraft structures are not expected. However, with 800-1200 J/kg of MUCAPE situated above the warm nose, cannot fully rule out that a stronger updraft could be capable of near severe hail. With the surface low progged to lift to the MN/SD/ND border by midday Monday, the surface warm front should likewise lift into northern Wisconsin by the early afternoon. Monday Afternoon The severe weather potential for Monday afternoon falls squarely in the "lower probability, but higher impact" space as the open warm sector builds into the region. The RAP/HRRR have been steadfast in a low stratus deck developing in the morning hours under the cap and lingering well into the afternoon, though how quickly we mix out given the strong theta-e advection and daytime isolation remain uncertain. The 500-300-mb ridge departs by 15-18Z, with increasing height falls resulting in a dynamic cooling of the cap through the afternoon. The SBCAPE axis builds up the MN/SD border earlier in the afternoon before spreading eastward in the afternoon and evening. By 21-23Z, forecast soundings from Rochester and La Crosse show an essentially uncapped atmosphere with 2500-3000 J/kg of SBCAPE and ample deep shear to support discrete storm organization. With the surface dryline/cold front still well to the west, it will take a mesoscale forcing mechanism to initiate convection. What and where that trigger may come from remains unknown. It could manifest itself as a differential heating boundary on the edge of the stratus shield, or perhaps a lingering outflow boundary from the morning convection. The 12Z convective suite struggles to resolve any appreciable initiation signal in this time space, with some hints in a few HREF member updraft helicity tracks. If a cell does manage to fire in the warm sector, it could quickly develop supercell characteristics. Forecast hodographs show some weakness/backing in the 2-5-km layer that could stunt supercell growth or result in storm splitters, which will need to be assessed as we zero in on the event. However, the strong cyclonic curvature in the 0-2-km layer should favor a tornado risk, possibly strong. The 2-6-km hodographs are not all that elongated, which could limit the overall 2+" in diameter hail threat. Nevertheless, with the potential for supercell structures and mesocyclones, have continued the messaging of large hail with any discrete cell. Monday Night Convection that initiates along the dryline/cold front in southwest to west-central Minnesota should grow upscale over the evening hours into multi-cell clusters or lines. How far east (and south) this line advances is the main concern. Confidence is high that this mode of storms will take shape, but lesser on the areal coverage of these storms. The main threats with these storms would be damaging winds of 60-70 mph and, depending on the line orientation, embedded tornadoes. There is some concern that the 0-3-km shear vector orientation is too parallel to the line orientation to amount to much of a tornado threat, which bears watching as we move closer to the event. The line of storms may struggle to impact areas south of I-90, another aspect that bears watching over the next 12-18 hours. Overall Event Thoughts What is rather amazing at 24-30 hours out is the current disconnect between the synoptic guidance and their AI-based derived products and the most recent CAM runs. The 00Z EPS/GEFS AI output is still depicting a swath of 45-60% severe weather probabilities from Iowa into Minnesota, though trends over the last 3 days have shown a steady shift to the west and a depression forming in the values over Iowa. Meanwhile, the 12Z HREF members came in rather lackluster for convective coverage this far east. Their main focus is over southwest into central Minnesota, with with some token members showing initiation in the warm sector. The 12Z HRRR completely failed to bring any appreciable convection into the area and kept it all to the north and west! However, the last three runs of the HRRR neural network have shown a slow increase in probabilities further southward into southeast MN and southwest WI for the late afternoon and evening, so this will bear watching. Tuesday - Friday: Cooler, Scattered Showers Surface ridging moves through the region on Tuesday, with steady cold air advection dropping highs back into the upper 50s to low 60s under clearing skies. This ridge will be transient and warm air advection sets up for Wednesday and boost highs back into the mid to upper 60s. A disjointed polar/subtropical wave moves through mid to late week and brings with it the chance for scattered showers Wednesday through Friday. && .AVIATION /00Z TAFS THROUGH 00Z TUESDAY/... Issued at 658 PM CDT Sun Apr 27 2025 VFR cigs will drop to MVFR/IFR cigs overnight as low-level moisture becomes trapped under a pronounced inversion. Overall, the 27.12z HREF has fairly high confidence (70-100%) that cigs will drop to MVFR, even IFR west of the Mississippi River, overnight as low-level moisture works its way in. Scattered showers will move through the area with a warm frontal passage towards daybreak with some embedded thunderstorms possible (20-30% chance) and MVFR vsbys. MVFR/IFR cigs will hang around through much of the morning and afternoon until the low-level inversion breaks late afternoon allowing cigs to quickly clear. Will have to watch the late afternoon and evening period to see how any thunderstorms may develop. However, given that the CAMs show minimal signal through 00z, have opted to hold off on any tsra mention for now. Winds will increase overnight and remain fairly strong during the daytime hours at 15-25 kts from the south with gusts of 25-35 kts, occasional gusts to 40 kts will be possible across unsheltered portions of northeast Iowa and southeast MN. && .ARX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... WI...None. MN...None. IA...None. && $$ DISCUSSION...Falkinham/Skow AVIATION...Naylor
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Des Moines IA
644 PM CDT Sun Apr 27 2025 ...Updated for the 00z Aviation Discussion... .KEY MESSAGES... - Although conditional, a Moderate Risk (4/5) of severe weather is in place for northern Iowa Monday afternoon and Monday night with an Enhanced Risk (3/5) elsewhere. Confidence in initiation is low, but any storms that do develop would be capable of high end severe weather, including strong/significant tornadoes (EF2+). - Outside the aforementioned window for severe weather, chances of storms tonight into Monday morning, and then again midweek before drying out this weekend - Warmer and more humid Monday, otherwise seasonal temperatures through the period && .DISCUSSION... Issued at 300 PM CDT Sun Apr 27 2025 Our pattern will remain active through midweek with both southern and northern stream influences until things calm down to end the week as less active northwest flow and then upper ridging arrive. There isn`t much going on for the time being however, but the stage was already being set for severe weather potential. Deep warm and moist advection was already occurring in the maturing southwest flow aloft ahead of what will be our parent system for tomorrow. Sfc-700mb objective analysis shows moisture streaming northward through the Plains and MO Valley, which has also resulted in widespread stratus in those areas. An axis of H85/H7 QG forcing mainly driven by thermo effects is expected to advance into IA overnight with some expansion of elevated convection, likely rooted above 1km. Effective CAPEs may reach 1000+ J/kg with bursts of effective shear topping 30 kts. Although it`s not persistent, when it does occur with elongated hodographs there is some pulsey hail potential with LFCs near the freezing level. Looking into tomorrow is when the real questions arrive, along with a noted MLCAPE axis of 3000+ J/kg as temps and dewpoints reach the 80s and 60s respectively: possibly the most warm/humid day of the season thus far. With 0-6km shear values jumping to 50+ kts, the atmosphere will certainly be primed for severe convection and discrete, all-mode supercells. The question will be when, or if, initiation occurs however either due to CINH or a lack of a sufficient forcing mechanism. While there will be some weak synoptic scale lift across eastern IA from MO into the MS Valley, and models do suggest some weaker elevated convection there, the main question will be whether deep convective initiation can occur along a noted dry line over western IA, which doesn`t occur too often in the state. Low level mass convergence will be weak with flow fairly parallel to the dryline, and the surface low and associated strong QG forcing moving from MN toward the Great Lakes. Extended range hi res models at this time yesterday, such as cSHiELD and the NCAR MPAS ensemble, where noting nearly all healthy convection and updraft helicity streaks farther north closer to the triple point and associated warm front, close to the typical conceptual model for tornado outbreaks. Recent HRRR runs now entering the applicable window reflect this evolution as well, as do various MPAS and RRFS runs. However, some 12z HREF members across three different cores (NamNest, NSSL WRF, HRW FV3) are now depicting isolated weak to moderate updraft helicity swaths across northern IA. While the Day 2 SPC outlook has scaled back probabilities south to north, a Moderate Risk (4/5) is still in place encompassing locations where some 12Z HREF members are initiating convection. Any healthy convection that develops could realize a somewhat alarming near storm environment. Examination of 00z RAP soundings east of the dryline note parameter space quite conductive for strong tornadoes in sub 1000m LCLs: 0-500m shear and SRH 30 kts and 326 m2/s2, and streamwise vorticity at 0.033 (96% of total vorticity). So, unfortunately, the primary message here needs to be that possible outcomes range from little to no development this far south, to isolated, but strong supercells with large hail and longer track tornadoes. To compound those hazards, any storm that develops would be moving rapidly, likely in excess of 50 mph with conditions potentially changing quite rapidly, straining warning and reaction times. Needless to say, it would be best to continue to monitor for updates into tomorrow. The severe potential will mainly be in the early evening but additional storms linger late evening with more development possible east as convergence increases with the merger of the approaching cold front and lingering dryline. Any precipitation should exit overnight however with some clearing and more seasonal temperatures and humidities for Tuesday. However precipitation chances will return by midweek. After a brief period of anti-cyclonic flow in the trailing high pressure, 1-3km theta-e advection will return again Wednesday with some influences from what`s left of our current upstream system in the southern stream, but more so from a a bit stronger northern stream shortwave dropping into the northern Plains. The thermodynamic support starting Wednesday will eventually be aided by more kinematic support as the short wave approaches into Thursday resulting in a few days with chances for showers and a few storms. The severe weather potential appears low however, with limited instability in place. The departing trough and flow will amplify somewhat to end the week however, leaving us with equal ridging behind in what will be dry, inactive northwest flow and seasonal temperatures. && .AVIATION /00Z TAFS THROUGH 00Z TUESDAY/... Issued at 644 PM CDT Sun Apr 27 2025 Low clouds will continue to move across the state this evening, with MVFR conditions gradually turning to IFR and even LIFR conditions into Monday morning. Rain showers are possible this evening into Monday morning as well, with thunderstorm potential still fairly limited so left out at the terminals at this time with close monitoring continuing. Ceilings are expected to increase my late morning into the afternoon, though will see the potential for additional showers and storms towards the end of the period, some storms likely becoming severe. Outside of lower probability mentions, uncertainty remains on exact timing and location of this activity, so will keep a close eye on this. Winds will remain breezy throughout the period, but especially into the mid to late morning and afternoon Monday with southerly winds gusting to 30-35+ knots. && .DMX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... None. && $$ DISCUSSION...Small AVIATION...Bury
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Detroit/Pontiac MI
1201 AM EDT Mon Apr 28 2025 .KEY MESSAGES... - An early week warming trend carries temperatures into the 70s Monday and into the 80s Tuesday. - Showers are likely with a chance of thunderstorms late Monday night and Tuesday morning. - There is another chance of thunderstorms late Tuesday and Tuesday evening, a few of which could reach severe intensity, as a strong cold front moves through the region. - Dry and cooler by Wednesday. && .AVIATION... Mid to high cloud spilling over the upper level ridge axis in a jet entrance corridor will drift across Southeast Michigan this evening and tonight. Persistent midlevel dry air advection off of high pressure will lead to VFR conditions throughout the period. A southeast wind trajectory is expected. .DTW THRESHOLD PROBABILITIES... * None && .PREV DISCUSSION... Issued at 357 PM EDT Sun Apr 27 2025 DISCUSSION... A broad area of high pressure is centered over the Great Lakes and delivering an exceptional late April day to SE Mi. Full sun is helping afternoon temperatures easily reach the mid 60s inland from the lakes while increasing onshore wind holds readings in the 40s along the Lake Huron shoreline. Lower Mi is still east of a 500 mb ridge building across the Midwest which is combining with the surface high to produce an impressively dry profile shown in the 12Z DTX upper air sounding. This has so far held back any mid and high clouds straying eastward from the Midwest zone of developing mid level warm advection and moisture transport. A few patches of these clouds eventually make it this far east late tonight and Monday, however this stage of theta-e advection is weak up against sub 700 mb dry air from the mid Atlantic into the eastern Great Lakes. No frost concerns despite the clear sky as surface wind veers south and increases just enough to hold temperatures in the lower to mid 40s by sunrise Monday morning. Readings are then positioned for a run into the 70s as the Monday weather highlight as south wind increases under clouds still slow to increase during the afternoon. The mature Plains low pressure system is projected to move from SD into MN during Monday while having a strong warm front extend into the mid MS/TN valleys by Monday evening. Plentiful Gulf moisture is already feeding into the system from the southern Plains today and will supply elevated moisture transport into the Great Lakes on SW 850-700 mb flow averaging 50 kts late Monday night through Tuesday morning. Given the available Gulf moisture, prefer a more aggressive scenario for nocturnal/elevated convection across SE Mi compared to consensus of deterministic model and HREF QPF ending 12Z Tuesday morning. It seems very reasonable for upstream surface based storms to fade Monday evening leaving room for new development on the strengthening low level jet across Lower Mi after midnight. Bulk parameters such as NAM 1000-850 mb MUCAPE near 2000 J/kg, GFS 700-500 lapse rate near 7.5 C/km, and HREF mean MUCAPE of 1000-1500 J/kg all suggest a greater nocturnal convective response compared to QPF fields through Tuesday morning. The Monday night/Tuesday morning activity shortly precedes the surface warm front which races northward across southern Lower Mi by mid morning. A cloudy inbound warm sector is a good bet again based on upstream observations across the Plains and Gulf Coasts today. It will otherwise be a summer air mass sporting mid 60s surface Td and eventually afternoon highs in the lower 80s. Model soundings show the boundary layer already well mixed in the morning for a wind profile supporting gusts surging into the 30 kt range over land areas. This will help with temperature recovery and formation of an afternoon instability axis subject to another round of thunderstorm development late in the day into Tuesday evening. The consensus of 12Z model solutions still favors later/farther east timing, although questions linger on the timing of cap release and character of the surface features. The NAM and RAP solutions also still demand attention due to earlier/farther west timing, and the latest afternoon adjustments to the SPC Day 3 Outlook move the Slight Risk back into SE Mi accordingly. The main cold front sweeps through Lower Mi Tuesday evening leading to another downward spring season temperature swing. Guidance has readings dropping into the upper 30s most areas by Wednesday morning followed by a struggle back toward 60 Wednesday afternoon. The cold front is nearby to the south to present a cloud component as well by late day before it returns with another round showers Wednesday night. MARINE... High pressure passing directly over the region maintains light and variable wind through the afternoon. Wind direction organizes out of the south tonight and gradually increases in magnitude on Monday as low pressure develops upstream over the Midwest. However, warm air advection will result in strong stability over the cool lakes that will limit wind strength to some degree. Ensemble solutions favor gusts in the 20 to 25 kt range late Monday into Tuesday within the southerly wind regime, but a handful of solutions do produce gusts in the 30 to 35 kt range over central Lake Huron late Monday evening. Will hold off on a Gale Watch at this time as there is only a 40% chance for a brief period of gales during this period and do have concerns with the stable profiles. As the low tracks across the northern lakes on Tuesday, its cold front trails behind bringing scattered to numerous showers and thunderstorms to the region. Wind veering to northwest amidst the post-frontal cold advection will bring the next window for a brief period of 30+ kt gusts over Lake Huron Tuesday evening. Low confidence exists for gales in this window but it will continue to be monitored. High pressure builds in on Wednesday with wind becoming light and variable. && .DTX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... MI...None. Lake Huron...None. Lake St Clair...None. Michigan waters of Lake Erie...None. && $$ AVIATION.....CB DISCUSSION...BT MARINE.......TF You can obtain your latest National Weather Service forecasts online at www.weather.gov/detroit.
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Goodland KS
332 PM MDT Sun Apr 27 2025 .KEY MESSAGES... - Marginal/Slight risk for severe weather this afternoon, mainly east of the Colorado border. Hail, wind and isolated tornado threats possible. The Slight Risk area has increased to much of the area east of the Colorado border. - Red Flag Warning remains in effect for northeast Colorado today, and a Red Flag Warning remains in effect for areas along/south of Highway 40 for Monday. && .SHORT TERM /THROUGH MONDAY NIGHT/... Issued at 114 PM MDT Sun Apr 27 2025 Across the region this afternoon, skies are mainly a partly to mostly sunny mix as clouds continue to erode from west to east. With a warm front/dryline over eastern Colorado, there has been a persistent strong southerly gradient w/ gusts over 40 mph at times. The main wx concerns for the short term period will focus on the potential for severe weather this afternoon/evening. There is also critical fire wx conditions for Colorado today and portions of the area along/south of Highway 40 for Monday. There is some cumulus beginning to pop up ahead of the warm front near the Colorado border. The latest SPC meso analysis is now showing SBCape values 2500-3500j/kg and DCape around 1000j/kg. Low/mid level lapse rates are slowly increasing as the afternoon progresses with almost full sunshine now affecting areas that have been capped through this morning. The CAMs(HRRR, RAP NamNest) are mixed as to whether there will be any convection initiated at all this afternoon, with the NamNest showing best chances starting close to 00z Monday, mainly east of Highway 27 w/ some late storms possible in the north. Given the uncertainty for storms to get going, have kept pops around 15-25% for this event. If they do get going, model soundings do hint at large 2 inch plus hail and gusts to 60 mph plus. Speed and directional shear present ahead of the front from the surface to 700mb, so can`t rule out tornado potential. Of course the aforementioned dryline will play a role in the western extent of any convection. This is currently west of the CWA. For the other wx concerns this afternoon/early evening will involve the dryline for fire weather conditions. Red Flag remains in effect for Colorado. Winds are meeting criteria and the RH continues to lower as the dryline approaches. Any remaining precip lifts N/NE overnight for which there is a 15- 20% chance for a shower or storm. This will give way to mainly clearing going into Monday for most locales. A weak shortwave on the backside of the exiting system could bring a 15-20% chance for a shower in the NW. Otherwise, with winds shifting to the west and guidance showing a tight gradient 25-35 mph potential, downslope drying will be present prompting a Red Flag Warning from the previous Fire Wx Watch for areas along/south of Highway 40. Two forecast cycles in a row with RH criteria being met, with areas north in the upper teens and 20s due to clouds from passing shortwave. For temps, as cooler air works in from the N/NW, the region will see a wide range for highs on Monday with upper 60s to lower 70s in Colorado, and east of there mid 70s to the lower 80s. Warmest areas east of Highway 83. Overnight lows tonight will range widely with mainly 40s west of Highway 25, and upper 40s to around 60F east of there. For Monday night, mainly 30s west of Highway 83 and upper 30s to lower 40s east of there. Wind chill readings in the 20s across colorado Monday night into Tuesday morning. && .LONG TERM /TUESDAY THROUGH SUNDAY/... Issued at 1008 AM MDT Sun Apr 27 2025 The focus in the extended period from the latest runs of the GFS and ECMWF Tuesday night through Friday will be a series of mid level shortwaves that work east-southeast off the north central Rockies into the Plains region. Best chances for storm/showers potential will be midweek(30-40%), tapering down to a 15-20% chance into Friday. There are differences in the two models runs for the end of the week. There will be a strong amplified ridge building off the Rockies settling into the Plains. The latest GFS is coming through with dry conditions, but there is a closed 500mb low coming in from the west that could play a role in the region`s weather if it doesn`t get stalled/blocked by the expected ridge. The ECMWF is closer to the latest NBM guidance bring a 15-20% chance for precip up along the western periphery of the upper ridge, aided by southerly flow at the surface due to a lee-side trough in the west. With the inconsistency, will stay close to NBM guidance as any shift in the upper ridge by the upcoming weekend could affect precip potential greatly. For temps, highs for Tuesday will range in the mid to upper 60s, with warmer conditions Wednesday in the lower to mid 70s. Upper 60s to lower 70s for Thursday will give way to warmer conditions for Friday with a range in the mid to upper 70s. This will give way to upper 70s through the lower 80s for next weekend, warmest area-wide on Saturday. Overnight lows Tuesday night through Thursday night will range from the upper 30s west into the mid 40s east. For Friday night onward, mainly mid 40s west into the lower to mid 50s east, warmest east of Highway 83. && .AVIATION /00Z TAFS THROUGH 00Z TUESDAY/... Issued at 331 PM MDT Sun Apr 27 2025 For KGLD, VFR conditions expected through the forecast period. Winds, southeast 30-40kts through 05z Monday, then south- southwest 15-30kts. By 10z, backing to the west-southwest 15-30kts w/ highest gusts from 18z onward. LLWS 05z-10z Monday 190-210@45-55kts. For KMCK, VFR conditions expected through the forecast period. Winds, south-southeast 20-30kts through 09z Monday, then shifting back to west-southwest 15-30kts. LLWS 06z-12z Monday 190-210@45-55kts. && .FIRE WEATHER... Issued at 1049 AM MDT Sun Apr 27 2025 For Sunday, a strong southwesterly gradient(with gusts over 45 mph) across Yuma, Kit Carson and Cheyenne counties in Colorado, combined with above normal temperatures in the 80s will create Critical Fire Weather conditions mainly during the afternoon and early evening hours. Humidity will drop to the lower teens during this time. For Monday, westerly flow with gusts to 30-40 mph for areas along/south of Highway 40 along with humidity into the lower to mid teens with the downslope warming, will create critical fire weather conditions during the afternoon/evening hours. && .GLD WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... KS...Red Flag Warning from 11 AM MDT /noon CDT/ to 7 PM MDT /8 PM CDT/ Monday for KSZ027-028-041-042. CO...Red Flag Warning until 7 PM MDT this evening for COZ252>254. Red Flag Warning from 11 AM to 7 PM MDT Monday for COZ254. NE...None. && $$ SHORT TERM...JN LONG TERM...JN AVIATION...JN FIRE WEATHER...JN
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Green Bay WI
1046 PM CDT Sun Apr 27 2025 Updated aviation portion for 06Z TAF issuance .KEY MESSAGES... - Multiple rounds of thunderstorms are expected on Monday and Monday night. A significant severe weather outbreak is possible Monday evening into the overnight hours. Most of the forecast area has an Enhanced Risk of severe thunderstorms, with parts of central WI in a Moderate Risk. - Initial storms on Monday morning could produce small to near severe hail (up to 1" in diameter), especially north and west of the Fox Valley. - A second round of storms (30-50% chance) could develop early in the evening, particularly over central and north-central WI. Coverage will be rather isolated, but all hazards will be possible if discrete storms develop. Uncertainty is highest in the details for this round. - The third and final round is forecast to impact the area late Monday evening into the overnight hours. Confidence is higher (60-80%) that a line of storms will impact the area which will be capable of bringing all hazards to the area. && .DISCUSSION... Issued at 129 PM CDT Sun Apr 27 2025 Short Term...Tonight...Monday...and Monday Night The latest RAP analysis and satellite/radar imagery show high pressure departing the region over the central Great Lakes while low pressure is centered over northeast Wyoming. Well ahead of the cyclone, mid-level warm advection/frontogenesis and moisture convergence are leading to scattered, elevated shower activity moving from west to east across western Wisconsin. Can`t rule out a few of these showers/sprinkles reaching the ground over central and north-central WI this afternoon. Otherwise, focus of this forecast remains on the severe weather potential on Monday and Monday night. Chances for showers and storms continues to look to come in three rounds. The first round occurs on Monday morning when a 30-45 kt low level jet advects in a surge of elevated moisture into the region. This round looks to be a few hours later than the previous forecast and generally in the 7 am to 2 pm time frame. Elevated instability (bases around 850mb) will increase to about 700 j/kg with effective shear 30-40 kts. Therefore, it appears that large hail will be the primary threat particularly if cells can acquire mid-level rotation (effective shears are sufficient). Also some evidence in the convective allowing models that gusty winds will be possible, perhaps up to 40 mph late in the morning after some heating takes place. After a lull in storm chances, a warm front will be lifting north across north-central WI and the Fox Valley from late afternoon through mid-evening. Potential for another round of storms to develop will occur in this period, but numerous questions remain and is one of the most uncertain periods of the forecast. Despite models indicating instability increasing to around 1500 j/kg, forecast soundings reveal a pronounced mid-level cap centered around 800 mb that could mitigate surface thunderstorm develop along the warm front. Additionally, given the expansive cloud cover upstream, it`s very realistic to think that the region will be shrouded in clouds making it difficult for temps/dewpoints to reach to 72/60 like the current forecast shows. Modifying a NAM forecast sounding using those surface temps/dewpoints, SB cin is about 200 j/kg (ML cin around 125 j/kg). This cin decreases to 0 j/kg for a parcel at 800mb. Therefore it seems possible that storm coverage will be rather isolated or perhaps elevated. CAMS produce little to no deep convection along the warm front, perhaps due to a lack of backed flow and convergence to the north of the boundary. But if surface based storms can develop, wind parameters suggest all hazards will be possible given 0-1km helicity of 367 m2/s2, stp of 1.8, and effective shear of 60 kts. This parameter space is off the charts compared to previous high end severe weather events in the area and ranks up there with the April 10, 2011 severe event which produced numerous tornadoes including an EF-3 tornado at Merrill. Any storms would be moving rapidly northeast at 60 mph based on the mean cloud layer wind. As if this wasn`t enough, indications remain that a line of storms will pass through the forecast area from mid to late evening. By this point, forecast soundings indicate that the mid- level cap will have eroded and see signs in forecast soundings of surface based destabilization (SB capes = 2000 j/kg, cin = -60). This period will be favorable for all hazards as well, but more in the QLCS territory rather than discrete cells which would put damaging winds/tornadoes as the highest risk. This squall line will be moving rapidly to the east or northeast due to mean winds 230 kts at 55 kts. Storms look to exit during the early to middle of the overnight. Long Term...Tuesday Through Sunday In the wake of the low pressure system, cyclonic flow combined with sufficient saturation below 8000 ft will be sufficient for light showers or drizzle on Tuesday. Gusty winds to 30 or 35 mph through late Tuesday morning could hinder clean up efforts from the storms that occur on Monday night. Highs on Tuesday will likely occur in the morning before falling slightly or remaining steady in the afternoon. Temps for most of the day will range from the middle 40s over far north- central WI to the upper 50s in the Fox Valley. Another low pressure system will bring periods of rain to the region on Wednesday night through Friday. With the low lifting northeast over southern Lake Michigan and the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, the chance of thunderstorms looks low. The next chance of rain will then occur late next weekend. && .AVIATION...for 06Z TAF Issuance Issued at 1046 PM CDT Sun Apr 27 2025 VFR conditions and dry conditions are expected late this evening with mainly mid clouds slowly lowering overnight. Confidence remains low on exactly where/when the best chances for showers and storms will occur on Monday and Monday night due to a complex weather set up. The first chance will be with a band of elevated showers and storms (50-75% chance) impacting the area on Monday morning and/or early afternoon. Probabilities of impacts will be highest over central and north-central WI. The second will be near/north of a warm front in the afternoon hours. The third will be with one or two areas/lines of showers and storms that develop ahead of a low pressure system and cold front to our west and race eastward across the area. Continued the use of tempo/prob groups to highlight the most favorable time period for the storm threat, but adjustments will likely be needed as the picture (hopefully) comes clearer. LLWS is expected overnight, especially across central and north central WI, as winds increase to 30-40 kts at 2000 ft. The strong winds at 2000 ft will increase on Monday up to 50 kts, keeping the threat for LLWS going; however, surface gusts to 30 kts will limit the threat through much of the day. As surface winds decrease slightly after sunset on Monday, LLWS will again be a concern. && .MARINE... Issued at 129 PM CDT Sun Apr 27 2025 A period of poor boating conditions will occur from late tonight through Tuesday afternoon as a dynamic surface low moves across the region. Waves on Lake Michigan will approach 4 ft after 4 am Monday morning as south winds start increasing. The worst conditions look to occur on Monday afternoon and evening when there is a 50-60% chance of gale force gusts over the central Bay and Lake Michigan. After the cold front passes, northwest winds gusting to 30 kts will prolong the poor boating conditions through late Tuesday afternoon. && .GRB WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... None. && $$ DISCUSSION.....MPC AVIATION.......Bersch MARINE.........MPC
Area Forecast Discussion...Updated
National Weather Service Lincoln IL
846 PM CDT Sun Apr 27 2025 .KEY MESSAGES... - Gusty southerly winds (30-40 mph) on Monday will combine with dry soils to increase the risk of blowing dust from spring plowing. This may result in localized diminished visibility for motorists. - There is a level 2 of 5 (slight) risk for severe weather Monday night west of I-55, and southeast of roughly I-70 on Tuesday. - Additional rainfall will occur between Wednesday and Thursday. There is currently a low (20-50%) chance rain will exceed 1". Little or no flood impacts are anticipated during the late week period. && .UPDATE... Issued at 846 PM CDT Sun Apr 27 2025 Minor updates this evening to account for increased cloud cover overnight and slightly cooler temperatures as high pressure centered near Lake Erie continues to push a cooler air mass into central IL with an easterly wind component, and warm advection aloft well north of a surface warm front promotes increasing cover and lowering cloud heights. Lows look to range from lower 50s near the IN border to mid 50s west of the Illinois River. A slight chance for showers early in the morning west of the Illinois River continues to look good with recent high-res models producing little or no precipitation, but pattern suggesting potential for light precipitation. 37 && .DISCUSSION... Issued at 1227 PM CDT Sun Apr 27 2025 .Synoptic Pattern... Current GOES WV imagery depicts a large upper- level low spinning over the Great Basin this afternoon with a broad ridge positioned over the central US. Short-term model guidance remains in good agreement with how this upper low will evolve over the next 72 hours. More or less, half of this disturbance will get swept northeastward by an emerging northern stream trough, ultimately going on to produce the necessary forcing for a potentially historic Upper Midwest severe weather outbreak on Monday. The other half will become cut off from the main belt of westerlies, stalling over Death Valley Monday night before additional shortwave disturbances move onshore and push it across the Southern Plains Wednesday night and eventually the Mid- Mississippi Valley by Thursday. This all adds up to a warm, breezing and wet stretch of weather across the central US, which will span Monday to Thursday. Then, by next weekend, an extended period of dry and mild weather will return as an omega block becomes more pronounced over the region. .A Warm/Gusty/Dusty Monday... The surface pressure gradient will tighten Monday as low pressure deepens and lifts across the Northern Plains. A quick glance at regional model soundings depicts a shallow but well-mixed PBL, with very steep LLLR (>9 C/km) and about 35 kts at the top of the mixed layer beneath the capping inversion. The net result should be frequent 25-30 mph gusts with sporadic 30-40 mph gusts wherever serendipitous mixing occurs. While these gusts fall below traditional Wind Advisory criteria, they should be sufficient for carrying blowing dust. With relatively dry top soil and increased field work, we are concerned for hyper-localized areas where visibility could fall below 1 mile due to blowing dust. .Severe Wx Monday Eve-Tuesday... Convective trends for Monday night across central Illinois continue to look less robust in the face of a stout capping inversion. Both the 00z & 12z suite of CAMs reinforced the idea that convection is going to struggle to initialize over SE Iowa and western Illinois ahead of the front. In a corresponding move, we have lowered PoPs for Monday evening, now 30-40%, in areas west of I-55. SPC did trim the Enhanced Risk (level 3 of 5) from far west central and extreme SE Iowa as a result of these convective trends. Still, we maintained the Slight Risk (level 2 of 5) for Monday night in areas west of I-55 where strong kinematics (50-60 kt LLJ) could yield an attendant wind risk. The severe weather potential for Tuesday continues to look middling as well, especially with the main upper forcing becoming displaced further to the east and the better kinematics pushing off to the east also. RAP guidance does suggest a corridor of 1500 J/kg MLCAPE ahead of the front near and south of I-72, though deep- layer shear begins to wane. The most recent 18z HRRR does exhibit some convection initializing mid- morning around St Louis ahead of a subtle shortwave trough, eventually pushing eastward into Illinois along the I-70 corridor. While the hodograph doesn`t scream tornado threat (poor low-level turning), storms do appear to be sfc- based along the front. Thus, thinking there will be a brief window before the ambient forcing/kinematics depart our area where supercell structures may develop and support an attendant hail and wind threat. .Additional Rainfall Midweek... A stalled-out front will begin to lift northward into central Illinois Wednesday evening into Thursday in response to multiple shortwave disturbances ejecting out of the Southern Plains. Weak low pressure will ride along the sfc boundary, bringing off-and-on showers through much of the day on Thursday before departing eastward Thursday night. Deterministic NBM QPF generally paints 0.50-1.25" between Wednesday evening and Thursday night, and this seems to fit the probabilistic data fairly well, with only a low chance (20-50%) that central and southeast Illinois exceeds 1" during this mid- week period. MJA && .AVIATION... (For the 00z TAFs through 00z Monday Evening) Issued at 602 PM CDT Sun Apr 27 2025 An approaching storm system will bring increasingly windy conditions the upcoming 24 hours, as well as lower cigs from around 14-18Z that could briefly lower to MVFR with isolated -shra. Nevertheless, any -shra or MVFR cigs are too low probability for mention in 00Z TAFs. Winds SSE around 10 kts overnight, increasing after 14Z to S 20 kts with gusts around 30 kts by 18Z. 37 && .ILX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... None. && $$
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Miami FL
734 PM EDT Sun Apr 27 2025 ...New UPDATE, AVIATION... .UPDATE... Issued at 726 PM EDT Sun Apr 27 2025 The dry conditions will continue to remain in place across the region tonight as high pressure remains in control of the weather pattern across South Florida. With winds diminishing overnight combined with a mainly clear sky, there will be just enough lower level moisture in place to support the possibility of patchy fog development over interior portions of Southwest Florida late tonight into early Monday morning. Any fog that does develop will lift shortly after sunrise on Monday morning. Low temperatures tonight will generally range from the lower 60s across the Lake Okeechobee region to the lower 70s across the east coast metro areas. && .SHORT TERM... (Rest of today through Monday) Issued at 1242 PM EDT Sun Apr 27 2025 South Florida remains situated between a dipole of surface ridging today, with a ridge axis present in the Gulf in conjunction with a separate foci in the western Atlantic. Not much more exciting when looking aloft as there is a lack of synoptic forcing across the region with quite the stagnant vertical column in place. This morning`s 12Z sounding and the latest model soundings show the continuance of a stout mid-level subsidence inversion that will continue to stifle any real rain chances (outside of a few shallow- layer stray isolated showers advecting into the east coast metro areas via easterly flow). Given the lack of any synoptic influence aloft, the mesoscale will dictate the weather regime once again today with winds veering onshore along both coasts during the afternoon hours. Can`t rule out an isolated shower this afternoon along the gulf breeze across inland southwestern Florida but overall rain chances remain lackluster. The amplification of a deep-layer ridge across the southeastern United States on Monday will slow the progression of a backdoor frontal boundary propagating southwestward across the Florida Peninsula occurring in tandem with a weak upper level shortwave ridge-riding. With the weak boundary on our doorstep, periphery moisture associated with the frontal boundary in tandem with diurnal heating and convergence (localized ascent along the gulf breeze boundary) could set the stage for a few isolated showers and storms across inland southwestern Florida. There will still be considerable amounts of low-level dry air to contend with but if an updraft is able to sustain long enough, forecast model soundings from CAMS such as the HRRR, RAFS, and RAP show enough marginal instability to get a thunderstorm going across inland southwestern Florida. Given how dry the vegetation has become across our area and the isolated nature of any rainfall, any lightning strike could potentially spark new wildfires. High temperatures will be similar this afternoon and once again on Monday. The warmest temperatures are forecast for inland southwestern Florida with widespread high temperatures in the low 90s. Along both the immediate gulf coast as well as the majority of the east coast metro, temperatures will remain in the middle to upper 80s during the afternoon hours. && .LONG TERM... (Monday night through next Saturday) Issued at 319 PM EDT Sun Apr 27 2025 A rinse and repeat weather pattern will prevail for the rest of the work week into the weekend as easterly flow continues and we remain mostly dry. A weak frontal boundary will pass through, or what`s left of it, on Tuesday. Ensemble guidance indicates a slight rise in moisture (1.4-1.6") and potential for scattered light showers (30- 40%) across South Florida. The additional support of diurnal heating and sea breezes will help build quick-moving light showers during the afternoon. Unfortunately, the WPC QPF forecast is not optimistic about how much rainfall we will receive. Deep-layer ridging will remain established across the western Atlantic waters through the end of the week with light synoptic flow aloft. Subsidence and a consequent capping inversion will keep rainfall to a minimum. Outside of a few shallow-level stray showers, the stretch of dry and warmth will continue with drought conditions continuing to worsen. Under the easterly flow, expect highs to be a bit cooler on the east coast than the west, with mid to upper 80s east and low 90s west. && .AVIATION... (00Z TAFS) Issued at 726 PM EDT Sun Apr 27 2025 Mainly VFR conditions will prevail throughout the forecast period. Easterly winds around 10 kts this evening will become light and variable across most terminals overnight. Some patchy fog could develop across the interior overnight but this fog should stay away from the terminals. Winds will increase out the east after 14z Monday and could be gusty at times during the afternoon hours. At KAPF, winds will shift and become WSW in the afternoon as a Gulf breeze develops. && .MARINE... Issued at 1242 PM EDT Sun Apr 27 2025 Easterly winds are expected to remain for the rest of today and into early this week across our local Atlantic waters, with a light to gentle westerly breeze developing each afternoon across the Gulf waters. Seas generally 1-2 ft in the Atlantic through Monday and a foot or less in the Gulf. Seas will start to rise in the Atlantic for the mid-week period as a moderate to fresh breeze re-develops. && .BEACHES... Issued at 1242 PM EDT Sun Apr 27 2025 A high risk of rip currents will prevail at Palm Beach county beaches today with a moderate risk of rip currents remaining across Broward and Miami-Dade beaches. As easterly flow remains with us for the foreseeable future, the elevated rip current will persist along the east coast for much of this upcoming work week. && .FIRE WEATHER... Issued at 131 AM EDT Sun Apr 27 2025 Although winds will remain light across the region this afternoon, relative humidity values will drop to near or just below critical levels (low to mid 30s) across inland southwestern Florida. This may result in enhanced fire behavior as vegetation remains quite dry across these areas. Closer to both coasts, relative humidity values will remain well above thresholds as onshore flow moderates relative humidity values as sea-breezes move inland. && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... Miami 72 86 73 82 / 0 10 10 20 West Kendall 68 86 70 84 / 0 10 10 20 Opa-Locka 71 86 72 84 / 0 10 10 20 Homestead 71 83 73 83 / 0 10 10 20 Fort Lauderdale 72 83 73 80 / 10 10 10 30 N Ft Lauderdale 72 85 73 81 / 0 10 10 30 Pembroke Pines 72 86 74 86 / 10 10 10 20 West Palm Beach 69 84 71 81 / 0 10 20 30 Boca Raton 71 83 72 82 / 0 10 20 30 Naples 68 88 68 88 / 0 10 0 30 && .MFL WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... FL...High Rip Current Risk through Monday evening for FLZ168. AM...None. GM...None. && $$ SHORT TERM...Hadi LONG TERM....JS/SH AVIATION/UPDATE...CWC
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Twin Cities/Chanhassen MN
835 PM CDT Sun Apr 27 2025 .KEY MESSAGES... - Level 4/5 (Moderate) Risk for multiple rounds of severe thunderstorms late tonight through Monday evening. Please have multiple ways to receive warnings so you can take shelter if needed. - LATE TONIGHT INTO MONDAY MORNING thunderstorms develop, and a few may be severe with large hail as primary threat. Localized damaging wind gusts are possible. - MONDAY AFTERNOON / EVENING, is the most dangerous period with strong tornado potential IF storms develop. Scattered large to very large hail and damaging winds are likely as well. && .UPDATE... Issued at 749 PM CDT Sun Apr 27 2025 Tonight into Monday morning... We`ve seen some impressive supercells develop in the Sandhills region of northern Nebraska this evening. We like the general idea of the HRRR that these supercells will congeal into an MCS over south central SoDak, then ride the nose of the LLJ ENE through the night, ending up in northwest WI late Monday morning. Current expectations are that these storms will be moving into western MN around 4am, reaching west central and northwest WI around 9 or 10 in the morning. This means the morning commute for the Twin Cities will likely feature thunderstorms to contend with. These storms will be elevated, but with muCAPE of nearly 2000 j/kg and 60 kts of deep shear, some elevated supercells are likely with this activity, driving a primarily hail threat late tonight through Monday morning as they move through the area. After that, it`s a question of where does round two setup. Early arriving 00z guidance would say that the second round starts on the cold front in western MN during the early afternoon, with a QLCS sweeping across MN from there. From the main discussion below, it looks like we are starting to favor the scenario they mentioned where storms are tied to what develops along the cold front, with a severe QLCS to follow (see paragraph 4 for those details). && .DISCUSSION... Issued at 300 PM CDT Sun Apr 27 2025 General Discussion...We`re expecting thunderstorms to develop late tonight across the eastern Dakotas into western Minnesota, and spread across central Minnesota into northern Wisconsin early Monday morning. The main threat with this morning convection is large hail, with damaging wind as as secondary threat. Then we expect a break from late morning into early afternoon. This should allow the atmosphere to recharge during this time as strong southerly winds bring warm and moist air across the region. By Monday afternoon, another round of storms are expected to develop. This second round is the most dangerous with strong tornado potential if storms develop. The ingredients will be in place for rotating storms, and in addition to tornadoes, very large hail and damaging wind will be possible. There is some uncertainty on timing and location of this second round of storms, but we ask that folks remain vigilant and take any warnings that are issued seriously. For Monday afternoon/evening, the Moderate Risk isn`t that everyone will see storms, rather it`s that if storms form, they could be bad. Technical Discussion...The first round of storms is interesting in the fact that we have a very impressive elevated mixed layer moving over the region, and confidence is quite high that storms will develop on the leading edge of this EML. The wind shear in these elevated storms is quite unidirectional, but the speed shear should be sufficient for supercells capable of producing large hail. The low level jet will also be strengthening with speeds of 40 to 45 kts developing within the 900-800mb layer. Given these strong winds just off the deck, damaging wind is also a secondary threat for late tonight into early Monday morning. There is some uncertainty in the exact timing of when these storms clear out Monday morning, but we do expect them to exit to the northeast. Meanwhile boundary layer southerly winds will advect warm and moist air across the region beneath this elevated mixed layer. This should allow the atmosphere to destabilize despite little if any solar insulation. In fact, low level stratus from the morning convection could enhance the tornado threat for later in the day by allowing the strong inversion to remain in place, which would cause the surface winds to respond more to the synoptic pressure gradient and take on a southeasterly component. In this type of setup, you can get hodographs that resemble a sickle, which have been noted on significant severe weather days. If this scenario plays out, expect low stratus to eventually transition to boundary layer convective rolls, or cloud streets, similar to what to what we see today. These cloud streets are a visual representation of streamwise helicity, and can be a morning precursor to an environment favorable for tornadoes (July 19, 2018 in Iowa, and May 17, 2016 in western Wisconsin). The cloud streets will eventually mix out into cumulus, followed by convective initiation. This convective initiation is probably the biggest wildcard for the afternoon/evening storms. If storms manage to form ahead of an approaching cold front in the warm sector, then strong tornadoes are possible for the reasons outlined above. These storms pose the risk for producing strong tornadoes. However, there is a chance that storms only fire along the cold front. In that scenario, tornadoes are still possible, but storms would more likely quickly grow upscale into a line, and the main threat would be damaging wind with shorter-lived (and usually weaker) QLCS tornadoes. An alternate scenario is that given the positive tilt of the upper level wave, storms struggle to form along the cold front, and this ends up being a lower impact event. Tuesday through Saturday...Skies will clear as this parent storm system races quickly off to the northeast, and high pressure will build in leading to dry conditions through Wednesday. Another weak system will bring a chance for showers and thunderstorms late Wednesday into Thursday, but the threat for severe weather is very low. Then conditions dry out again for the weekend. && .AVIATION /00Z TAFS THROUGH 00Z TUESDAY/... Issued at 749 PM CDT Sun Apr 27 2025 As mentioned in the update, our first round of storms this period can be found between the Sandhills and Black Hills. These storms will impact central MN, with the main question being how far south do they extend. TS chances with this first round are highest (90%) at AXN and STC and lowest (50%) at MKT and EAU. We`ll have stratus that will blanket the area behind the first round of storms, but we`ll start to see cigs lift in the afternoon as storms initiate along the cold front in western MN around 19z. These storms will form into a line that moves across MN, reaching MSP between 23z and 01z (6-8pm) and eventually RNH and EAU just after this period ends. KMSP...Confidence is highest with the round one TS forecast. With thunderstorms expected to impact MSP between 6am and 8am. As if having thunderstorms adversely impact the morning push isn`t fun enough, round 2 will likely impact the evening push. /OUTLOOK FOR KMSP/ TUE...MVFR/-SHRA likely in mrng. Wind NW 10-20 kts. WED...VFR, chc MVFR/-SHRA late. Wind SSE 10-15 kts. THU...MVFR, chc -SHRA. Wind NW 10-20 kts. && .MPX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... MN...None. WI...None. && $$ UPDATE...MPG DISCUSSION...JRB AVIATION...MPG
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Marquette MI
725 PM EDT Sun Apr 27 2025 .KEY MESSAGES... - Rain and snowmelt will continue to lead to rises on area rivers and possible minor flooding on typically flood-prone rivers, especially early to mid week as a strong low pressure brings additional rainfall to the area. - An active and warmer pattern is expected through Monday. Some strong to severe thunderstorms are possible (30% chance), with severe hail and wind gusts being the main threats. - There is a non-zero chance for flash flooding across our area Monday into early Tuesday morning, with the highest chance of occurrence currently over the west (around 5% according to WPC). - Southerly gales to at least 35 knots are expected between Marquette and Grand Marais Monday afternoon into Monday evening. North to northwest gales of 35 knots possible Tuesday over at least north central and eastern Lake Superior. - RHs into the 20 percents are possible Wednesday as a dry high pressure moves through the area. && .SHORT TERM /THROUGH TONIGHT/... Issued at 111 PM EDT Sun Apr 27 2025 We remain in the proverbial "calm before the storm" so to speak the rest of today and tonight as increasing cloud coverage from the west moves in as a low over the Plains approaches. As warm air advection has begun over the area, observing stations are already showing weak southerly flow over the U.P. early this afternoon. As the warm front of the low continues to advect warmer and more moist air into the region, expect the southerly winds to progressively increase with time the rest of today through tonight. With cloud cover being less than what I`ve been expecting previously, we may see high temperatures sneak into the mid 60s across most of the area today; thus, I may need to revisit my high temperature forecast from this morning. In addition, with RHs are getting down into the mid to lower 30 percents in the interior areas early this afternoon, expect them to drop down even further in the interior east and interior west later this afternoon; expect the interior east to drop down into the mid 20 percents and the interior west to drop down to around to just below 30 percent this afternoon before improving this evening and overnight. While neighboring radars are showing returns over the central and western U.P. early this afternoon, it appears nothing is reaching the sfc based off of the observing stations and high cloud bases (lower levels evaporating any precipitation before it reaches the sfc). Expect this trend to continue through the rest of this afternoon through the overnight hours, although with more moist air from the Gulf being advected in, expect the cloud bases to lower, with the Ironwood area possibly seeing some light rain showers/thunderstorms beginning late tonight/early Monday morning. With cloud cover and warm air advection increasing tonight, expect the low temperatures to get down into to around 40 in the east to around 50 in the west, with locally warmer temperatures in the downslopes by the Lake Superior shoreline. && .LONG TERM /MONDAY THROUGH SUNDAY/... Issued at 355 PM EDT Sun Apr 27 2025 The main event begins Monday as showers and thunderstorms enter into the western U.P. during the early morning hours. With the severe weather threat not looking to materialize until the afternoon and evening hours as the LLJ approaches from the southwest, these storms could (hopefully) use up the energy that`s already in the atmosphere and keep the severe weather further south and out of our area. Another way we could avoid severe weather Monday and Monday night is if a convective complex develops over Wisconsin or Iowa (or even further south) beforehand; if this occurs, then the warm and moist air from the Gulf will be hit that convective complex like a wall, and we will only have worked-over air to deal with, significantly decreasing our severe potential to possibly nothing! However, should these possibilities not occur (especially the second scenario), then severe hail and winds are on the table as the warm sector of the low sets up shop over us. While there looks to be a strong temperature inversion in the lower levels of the atmosphere thanks to the warm front of the low advecting air in from the south, some breezy conditions are still expected at the sfc, with Munising possibly gusting up to at least 40 mph during the afternoon and evening hours via southerly downsloping winds. Besides the winds, the ARW and NAM4km show a line of thunderstorms moving through the western U.P. beginning Monday afternoon; meanwhile, the HRRR keeps the convective mode discrete until a potential QLCS moves through in the evening and overnight hours (the ARW and FV3 show this as well). While the CAMs do show storms weakening as they travel eastwards Monday and Monday night, with a LLJ moving in and providing ample shear to the atmospheric profile, storms are likely be sufficiently tilted for mesocyclone maintenance, and thus could keep going until the convection is out of our area. While tornadoes are not expected, an isolated tornado or two now cannot be completely ruled out near the Wisconsin border as the cold front moving in during Monday evening and overnight hours could provide some much needed low-level helicity and an unstable profile near the sfc of the impressive frontal boundary, with this being the greatest further west in the U.P.. Expect the severe threat to end behind the cold front this evening as it pushes from northwest to southeast with time. In addition to the severe weather, we have a low (around 5% according to WPC) chance of seeing isolated flash flooding problems over the area Monday and Monday night, mainly over the west. With ensemble guidance highlighting PWATs getting up to the 99th percentile of modeled climatology (1.25 to possibly even 1.50 inches), all that`s need is training storms in order to get flash flooding to occur. However, given the high uncertainty regarding the location and placement of rain showers and storms (as well as convective mode during the day Monday), pinpointing when and where it will happen (and that`s a BIG IF) is a mystery at this point. If it does occur, it would most likely occur over the western U.P. where the better storm environment is. Regardless, even if we do not get flash flooding out of this event, we could still see river rises across the area as some spots could see a soaking rainfall. This may create minor river flooding in some spots across the U.P. as we move into Tuesday and Wednesday. However, uncertainty on this is also high at this time given that convection will mainly be forced at the mesoscale level until the cold front pushes through Monday evening (unlike the synoptic rainfall expected over the Northland early this week). Behind the cold front, expect a dry slot to move through the area before the wrap-around moisture of the low hits us Tuesday morning and brings additional light rain and snow showers back across the area. Given that temperatures are expected to remain above freezing on Tuesday, no snowfall accumulation is expected. With high pressure quickly moving in Tuesday night, expect the precipitation to end across the area by early Tuesday evening, with the far east holding onto the rain and snow showers last. Calm and fairly pleasant weather is in store for us Wednesday, with winds being light and high temperatures generally getting into the 50s. However, with ensemble guidance showing PWATs below the 10th percentile of modeled climatology, we could see min RHs drop down into at least the 20 percents by the afternoon; this will need to be monitored in the future as some elevated fire weather concerns could be realized due to conditions being so dry with the airmass, especially if we get skunked on the rainfall with this upcoming system. The saving grace for Wednesday though is that winds are expected to be light. Additional rains showers are expected to move over us late this week as a weak shortwave from Canada phases with a stronger low lifting through southern Lower Michigan into northern Quebec. We could see some snow mix down to the sfc in the wrap-around moisture/phasing inverted trough, but uncertainty on that remains high at this time. Behind this, a rex block moves from the Plains into the Ohio Valley. Should the rex block be south enough, we could see some shortwaves bring additional rain showers over us next weekend; if not, then expect dry weather. && .AVIATION /00Z TAFS THROUGH 00Z TUESDAY/... Issued at 725 PM EDT Sun Apr 27 2025 VFR conditions and breezy winds will linger this evening. While VFR conditions continue overnight, winds should subside as we decouple. Upper level winds are strong enough to pose a low level wind shear threat, but its marginal. With low confidence, opted to leave it out of this TAF. Monday, at least 2 rounds of thunderstorms will build into the area. The first looks to press into KIWD late morning/early afternoon, then lift northeast. The second follows after this period. Scattered showers or thunderstorms may develop between the two rounds. Confidence is lacking on exact placement of storms, so prob30s were included. Ceilings are expected to fall to MVFR after the first wave, potentially to IFR at KIWD. In addition to the thunderstorm potential, strong low level winds will support wind gusts upwards of 30kts and low level wind shear, even in the absence of thunderstorms. && .MARINE... Issued at 355 PM EDT Sun Apr 27 2025 The light winds of 20 knots or less this afternoon increase from the south tonight into Monday, eventually becoming southerly winds of 20 to 30 knots over the eastern half of the lake by Monday afternoon, with a gales of 35 knots or greater expected along the southerly nearshore from Marquette to Grand Marais, MI during the afternoon and evening. As a low lifts from the Plains into the lake Monday evening before exiting into Canada overnight, expect the winds to become north to northwesterly behind the low`s passage, with gales of 35 to 40 knots being seen across the north central and eastern lake Tuesday. With high pressure building in quickly behind the low, expect winds diminish back down to 20 knots or less again as early as Tuesday evening. The light winds continue into this upcoming weekend. Expect thunderstorms to move into the lake Monday and to continue into Monday night. A few of these storms could bring severe hail and winds to the sfc, with the SPC showing a Slight Risk (15% chance or more) of severe weather over most of the lake Monday and Monday night. && .MQT WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... Upper Michigan... None. Lake Superior... Gale Watch from Tuesday morning through Tuesday afternoon for LSZ242>245. Gale Watch from Tuesday morning through Tuesday afternoon for LSZ248-265. Gale Warning from 2 PM Monday to 2 AM EDT Tuesday for LSZ249- 250. Gale Watch from Tuesday morning through Tuesday afternoon for LSZ249>251-267. Gale Watch from late Monday night through Tuesday afternoon for LSZ263-264. Gale Watch from Tuesday morning through Tuesday afternoon for LSZ266. Lake Michigan... Gale Watch from Monday afternoon through late Monday night for LMZ248-250. && $$ SHORT TERM...TAP LONG TERM...TAP AVIATION...JTP MARINE...TAP
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Morristown TN
907 PM EDT Sun Apr 27 2025 ...New UPDATE... .UPDATE... Issued at 906 PM EDT Sun Apr 27 2025 Forecast on track this evening with no big updates. Updated hourly temps and dewpoints to match up with latest obs. && .SHORT TERM... (This evening through Monday) Issued at 205 PM EDT Sun Apr 27 2025 Quiet weather this period. High pressure over OH today will shift east and be located near the Mid-Atlantic coastal region tomorrow, which will result in a southerly low level flow across the Southern Appalachians and TN Valley. At 850-700 mb, we will see that southerly flow bring some higher theta-e air and weak isentropic lift. The HRRR produces a few isolated showers during the day, but forecast soundings appear strongly capped. The forecast will have a dry day. The southerly flow will bring warmer temperatures in the upper 70s to lower 80s for most locations outside the mountains. && .LONG TERM... (Monday night through next Sunday) Issued at 205 PM EDT Sun Apr 27 2025 Key Messages: 1. Above normal temperatures through Friday. Slightly cooler (near normal) temperatures next weekend. 2. Rain chances return Tuesday, showers likely on Friday with a frontal passage. Discussion: A ridge of high pressure over the Gulf through the mid and upper level will build across the region on Tuesday, resulting in temperatures rising above normal, into the 80s. With the surface flow remaining southerly, increasing moisture in the boundary layer will bring some diurnal rain chances. This setup continues with little change for Wednesday and Thursday. Northern sections will have a higher PoP than southern sections due to the Gulf ridge and weak disturbances passing by on the northern edge of the ridge. A deeper trough digs into the Plains late in the week, which begins to affect our area on Friday with better rain chances and a chance of thunderstorms. Too early to assess the potential for severe storms at this time, but it will be something to keep an eye. Behind the cold frontal passage Friday/Friday night, temperatures will return closer to normal for next weekend, with highs mainly in the 70s. && .AVIATION... (00Z TAFS) Issued at 715 PM EDT Sun Apr 27 2025 VFR conditions through the period at all sites. && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... Chattanooga Airport, TN 57 81 61 81 / 0 0 0 10 Knoxville McGhee Tyson Airport, TN 54 81 58 82 / 0 0 0 20 Oak Ridge, TN 54 80 58 82 / 0 10 0 30 Tri Cities Airport, TN 51 77 53 80 / 0 10 0 30 && .MRX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... NC...NONE. TN...NONE. VA...NONE. && $$ SHORT TERM... LONG TERM....DGS AVIATION...
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Omaha/Valley NE
649 PM CDT Sun Apr 27 2025 .KEY MESSAGES... - There`s a 5-10 percent chance of severe weather in northeast Nebraska overnight, with the main hazards being large hail and damaging winds. - Severe weather is likely along and east of a front Monday afternoon and evening. Exact frontal location and storm coverage remain uncertain. Any storms that do develop will be capable of destructive hail, damaging winds, and tornadoes. - Dry weather for Tuesday, but rain chances are back in the forecast for Wednesday and Thursday. && .DISCUSSION... Issued at 234 PM CDT Sun Apr 27 2025 Rest of this afternoon through tonight... Early afternoon mesoanalysis showed a deepening lee cyclone over northeast CO, with gusty southeast winds to the east of that feature advecting an increasingly moist low-level air mass into the central Plains. That moisture has contributed to widespread cloud cover as of midday across the area, with visible satellite suggesting we could see a few cloud breaks this afternoon. Latest CAM data are in reasonably good agreement in suggesting the development of diurnally enhanced thunderstorms later this afternoon across portions of western NE. A subset of those storms may persist into tonight as moist, unstable inflow is enhanced by the development of a 50+ kt low-level jet. Considerable model variability exists in the coverage and location of the nocturnal storms, with only the 12z NSSL-WRF indicating simulated reflectivities moving through northeast NE after midnight. Forecast soundings ahead of that activity depict a favorable overlap of moderate instability and relatively strong vertical shear. As such, a conditional --albeit low-- threat for isolated severe weather (in the form of damaging winds and/or large hail) exists overnight, mainly in northeast NE. Otherwise, the models indicate only low-reflectivity structures that are probably indicative of drizzle or light showers. Monday and Monday night... Areas of light showers could persist Monday morning, aided by a zone of strong warm advection and moisture flux along the low- level jet. By afternoon, decreasing clouds coupled with steepening lapse rates and boundary-layer dewpoints in the 60s will yield a moderately unstable air mass ahead of the Pacific front/dryline advancing east through the area. The 12z models continue to indicate various positions of the front by mid to late afternoon when thunderstorm development is expected. These variations are likely due to different boundary-layer mixing schemes present in the models. For example, the NAM Nest and NSSL-WRF indicate the western-most scenario along a Sioux City to Lincoln to Fairbury line. In contrast, the HRRR and RAP, offer the eastern-most scenario along a Harlan to Shenandoah to Falls City Line. Another interesting aspect of this forecast is either the absence of CAM-simulated thunderstorms along the front in our area, or the quick dissipation of any CAM-simulated storms. We suspect that a combination of weak convergence along the front coupled with the deleterious effects of dry-air entrainment on the simulated updrafts are contributing to this model behavior. Synoptically, the 12z parametrized models indicate the trailing edge of meaningful 500-mb height falls (implied forcing for ascent) overspreading the Pacific front during the time of peak heating. Moreover, model soundings suggest that the capping inversion across the warm sector will not be overly strong. And while it appears that convergence along the Pacific front will be relatively weak, the above factors suggest that isolated thunderstorm formation and maintenance are more probable that what the current CAMs indicate. The moderate instability combined with 50-60 kt of deep-layer shear will support rapid supercell evolution with any storms that develop. Destructive hail greater than 2" in diameter is possible, as are locally damaging wind gusts, and a few tornadoes. Veered low-level winds and resultant, smaller SRH may limit tornado intensity in our area, especially in the eastern-most frontal scenario mentioned above. A potentially greater, significant tornado risk could materialize in the 6-9 PM timeframe in western IA, should the western-most frontal scenario play out. A secondary area of strong to severe thunderstorm development could materialize Monday afternoon into evening in northeast NE, near the SD border. The presence of steep low/mid-level lapse rates and modestly strong vertical shear will support some storm organization, with damaging winds and large hail being the main hazards. Any storms that develop in either of the two above-mentioned regimes are expected to move out of our area by mid to late evening. Other potential hazards on Monday are strong south winds with gusts up to 40 or 45 mph, both ahead of and behind the Pacific front. The strong winds will coincide with a rapidly drying low- level air mass to the west of the Pacific front, resulting in areas of high to potentially very high fire danger. The recent rainfall has contributed to considerable fuel greenup, and as such, we are not planning any fire-weather headlines. Tuesday through Saturday... The 12z global models continue to indicate the progression of a multi-stream trough through the central U.S. Wednesday and Thursday, and that is reflected in increased precipitation chances during that timeframe. The best measurable precipitation chances (peak PoPs of 40-70%) are on Wednesday. High temperatures will be mainly in the 60s and 70s with Saturday potentially being the warmest day with readings in the mid to upper 70s. && .AVIATION /00Z TAFS THROUGH 00Z TUESDAY/... Issued at 648 PM CDT Sun Apr 27 2025 Widespread MVFR with a few pockets of IFR were seen across the forecast area at the start of this TAF period. Ceilings will continue to deteriorate throughout the nighttime, reaching widespread IFR after 2z. Have included more lines to approximate the timing and any CAC changes, but expect amendments to be made as needed. Ceilings will improve to MVFR around 10-14z at KOFK and KOMA, and will improve slightly earlier around 8z at KLNK. VFR conditions are expected by the late morning to afternoon hours. A slight chance for rain/drizzle exists along a line from KHJN to KOLU to KLCG through about 12z. However, confidence in any of our TAF sites seeing direct impacts is low, so have not included any mentions for this issuance. Winds will remain gusty throughout the TAF period from the southeast at 15-20 kts with gusts up to 30 kts. Winds will switch to the southwest by the afternoon hours. && .OAX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... NE...None. IA...None. && $$ DISCUSSION...Mead AVIATION...Castillo/McCoy
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Topeka KS
609 PM CDT Sun Apr 27 2025 .KEY MESSAGES... - Isolated severe storms are possible this evening over portions of central and north central Kansas with large hail and damaging winds being the main hazards. - A large upper level system moves into the region Monday, increasing the risk for severe storms across eastern Kansas Monday afternoon and evening. All modes of severe weather will be possible. - Rain and storm chances persist over much of next week as a frontal boundary stalls near the I-44 corridor. && .DISCUSSION... Issued at 226 PM CDT Sun Apr 27 2025 19Z surface analysis shows low pressure along the lee of the ROckies from eastern Wyoming into New Mexico. Dry line still remains from near AKO to just east of LHX. Mid level low/ trough was located over Nevada into southern California and was progressing slowly eastward this afternoon. Visible satellite showed continued clearing over western Kansas and into parts of north central Kansas this afternoon. Meso analysis shows airmass destabilizing east of the dryline in western Kansas along with convergence near the dryline. An isolated storm or two may develop from west Texas into northwest Kansas by early evening per CAMS. HRRR still tries to develop a storm or two early this evening in central Kansas and if they do develop the environment would be favorable for a strong to severe storm with hail the main hazard. Confidence remains low for storms to move into north central and central Kansas later this evening as much of the forcing and instability will remain focused into western Kansas. On Monday, a vigorous wave and associated jet will move out into the Plains. The energy from the southwest mid level trough will eject from New Mexico into Nebraska while phasing with a northern stream trough across the Dakotas. Ahead of the dryline a capping inversion should hold for much of the day, then erode by 00Z-01Z. Forecast soundings show some curvature in the hodographs with veering winds in the low levels, allowing for storms to ingest streamwise vorticity. Main hazards still look to be large hail and damaging winds, a few tornadoes will also be possible. Cells will be discrete and take on supercell Characteristics, but look to remain isolated in eastern Kansas. Threat will continue through the evening hours. The pacific front will make its way through the cwa Monday night as it overtakes the dryline. Temperatures look to warm into the 80s on Monday. Tuesday the frontal boundary sets up southeast of the area across southwest Missouri into Oklahoma where best chances for destabilization and convection will be located. Increasing low level isentropic lift and theta-e advection over the frontal boundary will lead to elevated showers and storms Tuesday night focusing across southeast and east central Kansas. Some locally heavy rainfall will be possible for areas south of I-35. An approaching mid level trough moving into the southern and central Plains on Wednesday will keep showers and a few storms in the forecast, focused mainly across northeast and east central Kansas where the best moisture convergence will be located as the main trough moves east into the Plains. Precipitation chances continue through Thursday evening. Friday will be dry with a a return of elevated showers and storms late Friday night into Saturday with increasing low level jet and a minor wave ejecting northeast into Kansas. Scattered showers and storms will continua into Sunday with mass response ahead of a large mid level trough moving into the Rockies. Most day will be in the 70s for highs for much of the week. Last discussion for my career today for the area, it`s been a great run. && .AVIATION /00Z TAFS THROUGH 00Z MONDAY/... Issued at 603 PM CDT Sun Apr 27 2025 IFR conditions at the current hour are expected to improve to MVFR from 02-03Z as southerly low level winds increase from 10 to 15 kts sustained, gusting to near 20 kts overnight. LLWS is marginal given that gusty sfc winds veer to the south while the LLJ at 2 kft increases around 50 kts after 08Z. South sfc winds increase over 20 kts sustained after 15-18Z while latest HRRR/RAP scatter the MVFR cloud deck by the afternoon. Confidence for any TSRA at terminals is too low for mention at this time. && .TOP WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... None. && $$ DISCUSSION...53 AVIATION...Prieto