Forecast Discussions mentioning any of "HRRR" "RAP" "RUC13" "RUC" "RR" received at GSD on 12/24/24


AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
National Weather Service Wakefield VA
917 PM EST Mon Dec 23 2024 .SYNOPSIS... Dry weather and cold temperatures continue tonight, with strong high pressure over the region. Weak low pressure off the southeast coast brings light precipitation to mainly southern portions of the area Tuesday. Temperatures warm back to near normal by the middle of the week, with milder weather and a more unsettled pattern late in the week into next weekend. && .NEAR TERM /THROUGH TUESDAY/... As of 900 PM EST Monday... Key Messages: - Cold and dry conditions continue tonight. - Ice potential has decreased Tuesday morning, but some patchy freezing drizzle and/or very light FZRA can`t be completely ruled out. This evening, ~1036 mb high pressure is centered off the New England coast, and extends down into the Mid Atlantic. A weak disturbance is located well NW of the area over the upper Midwest, with an inverted sfc trough extending NE along the Gulf stream off the Carolina coast (from low pressure off the FL coast). Mainly clear for most of the area this evening, but an area of BKN stratoCU has rapidly spread into much of NE NC and far SE VA. Temperatures have dropped off into the mid to upper 20s for most, but readings remain warmer near the coast in the far SE with the cloud cover. Overnight lows will generally not drop too much from current values, ranging from the low to mid 20s inland to the upper 20s to lower 30s closer to the coast and across the southeast (locally at the coast in the SE it will tend to stay above freezing). Low pressure develops off the GA/SC coast later tonight into Tuesday morning and gradually lifts north before sliding out to see near the NC/SC border later Tuesday afternoon. Light moisture spreads into far SE portions of the area early Tuesday morning in advance of the weak low. Pretty much every main model/CAM have trended slightly drier/ farther south with the low, bringing less moisture up into the local area, and thr latest 00Z/24 HRRR continues this trend compared to earlier runs from this aftn. Very dry air right at and above the surface will also help to limit precipitation potential, especially outside of SE VA and NE NC. As a result, the freezing rain/icing trend has diminished from the previous forecast with little to no ice accumulation now expected. There is still a brief window for at least a slight chance of freezing rain and/or freezing drizzle, mainly across interior northeast NC, interior SE VA, and into portions of the western Tidewater, from approximately 5-8 AM. Again, this is not expected to accumulate, but one should still be mindful of untreated bridges, roadways, and elevated surfaces, especially if the the precipitation comes in slightly heavier than forecast. Any freezing rain threat comes to an end by ~9 AM at the latest as temperatures warm above freezing. Light rain showers will then be focused mainly across northeast NC into far southeastern VA, with the highest chances closer to the Albemarle Sound Tuesday morning into early afternoon, before the better rain chances shift to the east and come to an end. Total QPF from this system will be minimal, with up to 0.10" possible along the Albemarle Sound. Skies become partly/variably cloudy during the second half of the day, with high temperatures in the mid to upper 40s (around 50 across the SW). In addition to the weak coastal low, a weak disturbance will be passing well to our north tonight into Tuesday AM. This will mainly bring an increase in cloud cover across the northern half of the forecast area, but cannot rule out a brief period of wintry mix across mainly far northern portions of the CWA from Louisa to the nrn Neck and into Dorchester MD during the mid/late morning before temperatures warm above freezing. && .SHORT TERM /TUESDAY NIGHT THROUGH THURSDAY NIGHT/... As of 220 PM EST Monday... Key Messages: - Dry weather for Christmas day and Christmas night. Drying out with clearing skies Tue night. Lows overnight into Christmas morning will drop back into the the mid 20s to around 30F for most of the region, with low-mid 30s near the coast in SE VA/NE NC. By Christmas day high pressure will move just north of the area bringing back drier weather conditions. With the high located to the north temperatures will be slightly below seasonal highs with temperatures rising in the middle 40s inland and upper 40s along the coast. Overnight, lows will plummet into the upper 20s and lower 30s under partly cloudy skies. High pressure will continue to linger over New England Thursday keeping temperatures relatively the same across the region with highs in the middle to upper 40s and lows in the upper 20s to lower 30s. && .LONG TERM /FRIDAY THROUGH MONDAY/... As of 220 PM EST Monday... Key Messages: - Seasonable temperatures will make a return through the forecast period. - Multiple frontal systems will pass through the area bringing chances of rain. Latest ensemble guidance continues to show a potent ridge remaining in control through Friday into Saturday. The high pressure over New England will keep the region dry under mostly clear skies. Temperatures will begin to rise with the upper level ridge support and highs will be in the upper 40s to lower 50s inland and middle 50s across the southeast for Friday. Lows for Friday will only drop into lower 30s inland and middle to upper 30s along the coast. As Saturday approaches there is some disagreement in the ensembles. The CMC has a weaker low pressure system tracking across the the Great Plains while the GEFS has a stronger system. The strength of this system will determine if it can weaken the ridge and allow rain to return to the region. Even though there is disagreement in strength there is a decent agreement that there could potentially be some isolated showers along a warm front late Saturday. However, at this time PoPs for Saturday remain between 15-25%. Highs for Saturday will be in the middle to upper 50s and lows in the upper 30s to lower 40s. By the end of the weekend and early next week the ensembles continue to hint on a negatively titled trough digging in across the Ohio River Valley. This trough will bring in a potential low pressure system that will bring in a decent chance of widespread rain showers across the CWA. Will note that there is a disagreement in the strength of the trough. With this disagreement Pops have been capped off at 40% until there is better agreement within the ensembles. Highs for both Sunday and Monday will be in the middle to upper 50s. Lows for Sunday are in the lower to middle 40s while Mondays lows will be in the middle to upper 30s. && .AVIATION /02Z TUESDAY THROUGH SATURDAY/... As of 700 PM EST Monday... Mainly VFR conditions are expected at all of the TAF sites through the 00z/24 forecast period. BKN stratoCU have already pushed onshore across NE NC and far SE VA this evening, though CIGs remain VFR (just above 3k ft). Clouds will continue to thicken overnight across the SE (and late across the far N as two separate disturbances approach the area. Moisture increases enough into early Tuesday AM, leading to the potential for some light rain at ECG after 10Z, with the best chances from about 12Z-18Z. The low- end rain chances spread farther north during the morning hours, potentially impacting ORF and PHF (~20% chance). There is the potential for some light freezing rain/rain mix at the onset of the precipitation early Tuesday AM, but this is expected to be farther inland across interior portions of SE VA and NE NC away from any TAF sites. MVFR flight restrictions may impact ECG Tue aftn, though confidence in this scenario remains low and the TAF keeps conditions VFR at this time. Otherwise, winds shift to the WNW and then to the N later Tue aftn with the higher chances for rain shifting off the SE VA and NE NC coast. Outlook: VFR/dry Wed-Thu as high pressure builds back across Quebec/New England, ridging into the local area. NE winds will avg 5-10 kt inland, with 10-15 kt near the coast in SE VA/NE NC. && .MARINE... As of 215 PM EST Monday... Key Message: - Weak low pressure develops offshore and south/southeast of the area Tuesday, bringing some potential for elevated winds and seas over the southern coastal waters Tuesday night into Wednesday. N-NE winds are 5-10 kt across the local waters this afternoon as high pressure settles over the area. To our south and southeast, weak low pressure is taking shape just offshore of NC along an inverted coastal trough. Seas are running 2-3 ft, highest in the southern waters, while waves in Chesapeake Bay are 1-2 ft or less. Light winds are expected through tonight as the flow shifts southerly and then briefly westerly around sunrise Tuesday. Another area of (weak) low pressure develops later Tuesday, tracking E-NE south of the area Wednesday. While direct impacts are unlikely from this low here, the gradient should tighten sufficiently for N-NNE winds to increase to 10-18 kt on the coastal waters Tuesday night into Wednesday...perhaps up to 20 kt S of the Cape Charles. Local wind probs for sustained winds >18 kt are 70-90% in these areas with only 20-30% in the Chesapeake Bay. Still, winds are largely forecast to remain sub- SCA. The other aspect to keep an eye on will be the building seas with the NNE flow. For now, seas are forecast to build to 3-5 ft S of Cape Charles and 3-4 ft further N. Marginal SCAs may eventually be required for these seas. Waves in the bay also potentially increase to 2-3 ft. Winds remain NNE for most of the week, but subside to 10-15 kt beyond Wednesday. && .AKQ WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... MD...None. NC...None. VA...None. MARINE...None. && $$ SYNOPSIS...LKB NEAR TERM...AJB/LKB SHORT TERM...HET LONG TERM...HET AVIATION...LKB MARINE...SW
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service La Crosse WI
609 PM CST Mon Dec 23 2024 .KEY MESSAGES... - Light wintry mix, largely snow, exits eastward through mid- afternoon. Impacts, while largely minor, will be focused in west central WI. - Fog may occur tonight with visibilities potentially (30%) dropping below 1 mile. - Warmer weather from mid week into the coming weekend could lead to some drizzle, fog, and rain, especially the latter half the week. && .DISCUSSION... Issued at 140 PM CST Mon Dec 23 2024 THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT - Wintry mix exits Compared to guidance yesterday, both additional mid-level dry air and warmer surface temperatures by about 1-3 degrees delayed onset and reduced coverage/duration of freezing drizzle. Thus, while a mixture of every precip type was reported this morning, impacts were limited. Over the past couple of hours, an area of light snow has developed in west central Wisconsin, including La Crosse, Black River Falls, Camp Douglas, New Lisbon, and at times Sparta. 23.16z RAP soundings reflect this outcome fairly well with saturation through the atmosphere, including to the DGZ, likely the result of a combination of frozen hydrometeors falling into the mid-level dry air intrusion and cooling aloft in close proximity to the approaching upper wave. With modest 850mb frontogenesis seen around the I-90/94 junction, should continue to see light to occasionally moderate snow over the next 2-3 hours within portions of the Winter Weather Advisory area. Thus, while the Winter Weather Advisory was initially issued yesterday for freezing drizzle potential, will keep it going in deference to the potential for impacts from light to moderate snow within the same area. Tonight, as the upper wave departs, large scale descent should occur with surface high pressure and concomitant light winds developing. Given snow cover across the area and additional surface moisture from this morning, fog and/or low stratus should develop. While modeled MRi suggests stratus is favored, the fresh additional moisture from today`s precip does suggest caution in ruling out fog. Indeed, 23.12z HREF and 23.09z SREF both suggest around a 30% chance for visibility below 1 mile. Have therefore elected to keep patchy fog in the forecast across the area. MID WEEK INTO THE WEEKEND - Milder temperatures with growing chance for fog, drizzle, and rain. Upper air pattern across the CONUS gets messy for most of this week with lots of short wave troughs passing through flow, none of which look overly strong. How they migrate and possibly merge makes for some complications but overall no larger impacts to travel in the offing. Ensembles show a strong signal for long streak of cloudiness though, that is for sure. By Christmas, with one wave passing by to the south, we will be watching a bit stronger of a wave moving out of the desert southwest into the Southern Plains. Most ensemble members and blends suggest a decent moisture source ahead of this with a trend towards a wet finish to the week. Perhaps the good news, unless you are a snow lover, is the rising heights and abnormally mild air advecting into the area. This will be especially noted at night later this week with the warmer air and cloud cover leading to lows some +2 standard deviations. Our lows might be 15 to 20 degrees ABOVE normal. The warmer air will play a factor as southwest flow and yet another wave crossing the Rockies late Thursday tries to merge with the wave ahead of it. Lift and moisture advection northward could mean periods of drizzle and fog, with maybe some plain ole` rain going into the weekend. In fact probabilities already pretty high /70%/ that far out for widespread rain. As it all draws closer, we will have to watch for subtle terrain temperature differences that could produce short lived freezing and impacts to holiday travel. Nothing jumps out at the moment but this is a tricky time of year when temperatures are flirting with the freezing mark. Also some hints of a deformation zone as newly emergent trough passes Saturday night and if air is cold enough, could see some minor accumulations across northern half of area. SUNDAY INTO NEXT WEEK - Turning colder with lower than normal precipitation predictability From the weekend on model differences really amplify with cluster analysis leading to wide variability and hence, lower confidence. It seems like most ensemble members hint at a cooler stretch with a mean upper trough establishing itself across the middle CONUS to start the New Year. At first glance this colder push might make for a more southern storm track and nothing of significance for our area. && .AVIATION /00Z TAFS THROUGH 00Z WEDNESDAY/... Issued at 552 PM CST Mon Dec 23 2024 The snow has exited the local area, however a broad area of stratus extends back into the Dakotas. Ceilings are mainly MVFR with a few IFR ceilings and visibilities due to the exiting snow. Overnight, low level moisture will generally remain in place, however there are some hints at breaks/ceiling improvements over parts of central Wisconsin. Surface high pressure is building in tonight and Tuesday with diminishing winds and already ceilings are lowering with dense fog developing from eastern SD into western MN. The HREF has mostly 40 to 50% probabilities of fog 3 mi or less with a few localized 60% and 20-40%. For now, did include MVFR ceilings at KRST/KLSE. Confidence is low, but could see IFR ceilings with reduced visibilities. For now did mention the lower ceilings/visibilities for a time Tuesday morning at KRST. && .ARX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... WI...None. MN...None. IA...None. && $$ DISCUSSION...Ferguson/Shea AVIATION...Zapotocny
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Caribou ME
1002 PM EST Mon Dec 23 2024 .SYNOPSIS... Low pressure will approach tonight and track along the coast on Tuesday. High pressure will slowly build down from the northwest Wednesday through the end of the week and crest over the area this weekend. && .NEAR TERM /THROUGH TUESDAY/... 10:00 PM Update (ASB/MS): Updated temperatures to match current observations, as cloud cover should prevent temperatures from getting any colder tonight through the area. Increased QPF values along Washington county coastline, as CAM models seem to suggest a potential for some convection to increase precipitation in this area. Could either be more snow, or potentially graupel if convection is strong enough. Otherwise, forecast is generally on track. Previous Discussion: Challenging Forecast with Hazardous Travel Impacts Expected Tonight into Christmas Eve. This evening will feature cloudy skies with a very dry and cold boundary layer. Winds have shifted SW with moisture advecting ahead of an approaching positively tilted sharp 500mb trof. Expecting temperatures to fall this evening into the single digits north with teens south across the CWA. Winds are generally light and variable if not calm for much of the night. Late this evening expecting the boundary layer to moisten up over the Moosehead Region and North Woods with light snow developing. A weak surface low pressure along the boundary will track into Southern Maine and up along the Downeast coast into Tuesday which will aid in the enhancement of precipitation. What has changed? Models continue to enhance the strength of the 500mb trof with stronger area of PVA. The jet stream increases with upper level divergence enhancing the surface lift along and north of a developing coastal thermal gradient. In addition, stronger moisture advection despite this being a Alberta clipper origin will enhance QPF values compared to what has been modeled until today`s hi-res CAMs and 12z global suite. Timing: Light snow develops from 11PM - 2AM tonight from west to east. Snow will become moderate at times especially in the Central Highlands to Downeast Coast into the morning hours. Snow will taper late morning from the North Woods to around Noon along I-95 and then not until tomorrow evening for the Downeast. Snowfall: liquid QPF expected to be around 0.1 inch north, 0.2 to 0.3 inch in the Central Highlands and 0.35 to 0.5 inch for the Downeast Coast. Modeled soundings show decently moist DGZ with 30-40kt winds which will prevent the snow being very fluffy but still decently fluffy expected. There is some hi- res CAMs showing weak instability in the DGZ suggesting some convective enhancements possible. This gives us storm totals of 2-4 inches for Northern and Northeast Aroostook County into Northern Somerset, Piscataquis and Penobscot Counties. Across the Central Highlands including Moosehead, Baxter to Houlton then down to Bangor and Danforth area expecting 4-6 inches. For Interior Downeast including Route 6 and 9 expecting generally 4-6 inches with isolated higher amounts up to 7 inches possible. Coastal Hancock including Route 1 and MDI expecting 4-6 inches then Coastal Washington including Cutler, Lubec and Eastport expecting 6-9 inches. It is possible Downeast Maine could see higher amounts with several hi-res models including 18z HRRR, HREF, NAM, ICON and RAP showing double digits from Jonesport eastward. This will be a challenge with how fluffy, warm air intrusion as the low passes by and the amount of liquid. Opted for now to hoist Winter Weather Advisories for the Central Highlands including Greater Bangor area and from Coastal Hancock to Northern Washington and Southern Aroostook County. Opted to upgrade to a Winter Storm Warning for Coastal and Central Washington County due to increased confidence in snowfall totals over the 6 inch threshold and the potential for higher amounts. Impacts: Travel! Big holiday travel day is expected with several roads being impacted including I-95. Conditions will improve late morning into midday along and NW of I-95. Downeast expecting impacts to travel all day with slippery roads. Snowfall will be light and fluffy and with light winds not expecting any blowing concerns. Tomorrow evening winds may gust as high as 15mph after the snow ends which could cause some drifting in open areas. Temperatures: Highs will be in the upper teens to low 20s across the north. Mid 20s for the Central Highlands and upper 20s to around 30F for the Downeast coast. It may touch 32-34F for the immediate shoreline and islands as the low pressure passes but will drop back below freezing once it passes to the east. && .SHORT TERM /TUESDAY NIGHT THROUGH THURSDAY/... As the storm exits Tuesday evening into Wednesday, expect some low clouds to remain in northerly low level flow. The cold air mass in place before storm remains entrenched over the area with lows dropping back into the single digits and teens for Tuesday night and highs in the 20s Wednesday. Some readings near the freezing mark may be expected for coastal Downeast. High pressure at the surface and aloft will remain in control over area weather through the remainder of the period. A blocking pattern emerges by late week. Temperatures aloft warm through the period, but cold air remains trapped under a steepening inversion. The challenge in the forecast will be whether stratocumulus persists through the period under the inversion. Such a development will have a huge impact on low temperature forecasts. Clearing at night will foster strong radiational cooling given the fresh snow cover, light winds and time of year. Lows could drop below zero. On the other hand, cloud cover could keep lows in the 20s. NBM percentiles reflect the uncertainty. For now, have taken an optimistic position on cloud cover after Wednesday and leaned towards a consensus of guidance on lows. && .LONG TERM /THURSDAY NIGHT THROUGH MONDAY/... Although the column warms through the period under the anomalously strong upper ridge, the coldest nights of the week may be Thursday night and Friday night with widespread single digits...and possibly sub zero readings in northern zones. Given these lows and the time of year, high temperatures will make little progress with the inversion. Most of the area stays in the 20s both days other than the Downeast coast where lower 30s are forecast. The high slowly breaks down during the weekend into early next week and a frontal system is expected to approach from the west. The question will be whether the high breaks down in this forecast period or hangs on into next year. While the air mass modifies during the weekend, CAD sets up and any initial precip later Sunday into Sunday night stands a decent chance of being freezing rain or sleet even through we have specified snow in the forecast for now. Besides timing, the other variables of interest early next week will be the amount of precipitation and warming. Using a blend of guidance, we transitioned P-type to rain on Monday with highs pushing into the mid to upper 30s and staying in the 30s into Monday night. PoPs were capped below 50 percent Sunday night through Monday night due to the timing uncertainties. && .AVIATION /03Z TUESDAY THROUGH SATURDAY/... NEAR TERM: VFR this evening. Becoming MVFR overnight with IFR possible especially at southern terms due to vsby. -SN will develop overnight and spread eastward. IFR/MVFR will become VFR late tomorrow from SW to NE. Tonight winds light and variable turning N 5-10kt Tuesday afternoon. SHORT TERM: Tuesday night and Wednesday...Predominately MVFR cigs with light N winds. Wednesday night into Saturday...Generally VFR with light N winds. MVFR cigs may hang into Wednesday night, but the trend should be improving for late week...albeit slowly. && .MARINE... NEAR TERM: Small Craft Advisory for the Coastal Waters from midnight tonight till 1PM Tuesday. SW wind gusts up to 30kt are likely during this time. Seas will be building 3-6ft. Intra- Coastal waters seas generally 2-4ft with a few gusts up to 25kt during the day tomorrow. SHORT TERM: A brief SCA may be needed Tuesday night into Wednesday with northerly winds gusting to 25 kt. High pressure builds Wednesday night through the rest of the week with winds and seas remaining below advisory criteria. && .CAR WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... ME...Winter Weather Advisory until 1 PM EST Tuesday for MEZ005-006- 010-011-015-031. Winter Weather Advisory from 1 AM to 1 PM EST Tuesday for MEZ016-029-032. Winter Storm Warning from 1 AM to 7 PM EST Tuesday for MEZ017- 030. MARINE...Small Craft Advisory until 1 PM EST Tuesday for ANZ050-051. && $$ Near Term...Brennan/MStrauser/Sinko Short Term...MCW Long Term...MCW Aviation...Brennan/MStrauser/Sinko/MCW Marine...Brennan/MStrauser/Sinko/MCW
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Charleston SC
905 PM EST Mon Dec 23 2024 .SYNOPSIS... An area of low pressure will track northeast off the Carolina coast through Tuesday. High pressure will settle over the area on Christmas Day. A broad area of low pressure will approach from the west late this week, drifting across the region this weekend. && .NEAR TERM /UNTIL 6 AM TUESDAY MORNING/... Despite the weak returns on KCLX, a band of light to locally moderate rain continues so spread inland across parts of Southeast South Carolina and Southeast Georgia. The forecast is mostly in good shape, but the QPF was increased and pops were raised to 80% across parts of the Savannah Metro Area into Beaufort County where rain persists and mesonet observations show locations have received between 0.25 to 0.50" of rain so far. This band will move slowly north into the Charleston Metro Area with time so pops were also raised to 80% there. 23/22z surface analysis placed a wedge of high pressure over the Southeast U.S. with a pronounce coastal trough extending from off the far northeast Florida coast to offshore of the lower South Carolina coast. The trough is forecast to sharpen up overnight as a west-east oriented band of vorticity extending east from a well-defined vorticity maximum propagating across eastern Mississippi begins to interact with the trough. The trough could cut off into weak surface low southeast of Charleston by daybreak Tuesday, but how organized this low becomes is unclear. KCLX radar data show a pronounced southwest- northeast oriented band of light rain and drizzle along the Georgia coast and extending into the Charleston Metro Area. This area of enhanced returns is aligned with a modest area of 850 hPa frontogenesis. The rain is expected to intensify a bit later this evening and overnight as low-level convergence builds along the lower South Carolina coast in response to a sharpening of the coastal trough just offshore. There will also likely be a further enhancement of the 850 hPa frontogenetic zone as the mid-level vorticity maximum over eastern Mississippi propagates farther east across the Deep South. The best rain chances look to remain along the coast and extending into the Charleston Tri- County area later this evening before diminishing late as the best forcing shifts into Northeast South Carolina. Pops from 20-40% inland to the 50-70% at the coast still looks reasonable, although some slight timing and areal adjustments were needed for the next several hours to take current radar trends into account. There was an earlier concern that as some of the rain that pushes inland could mix with some sleet pellets at the onset due to diabatic cooling, but RAP forecast soundings show wet-bulb profiles remaining well above freezing through the night. So, the risk for sleet seems unlikely at this time. Lows will range from the mid 30s well inland to the mid 40s at the beaches. && .SHORT TERM /6 AM TUESDAY MORNING THROUGH THURSDAY/... Tuesday: Short range models indicate a gradually deepening coastal low will track NE off the Carolina coast during the morning. The low is timed to lift north of the NC line by noon. As the low tracks north, dry air will steadily advance across SE GA and the SC Lowcountry. Isolated to scattered showers should come to an end by mid-day, with cloud cover decreasing through the rest of the day. High temperatures are forecast to range from the low 60s across SE GA to the low to mid 50s across Charleston Tri-county. High pressure will build across the forecast area Tuesday night. Forecast soundings and simulated satellite indicate mostly clear sky, primarily thin high clouds across GA. Low temperatures are forecast to range from the mid 30s inland to the upper 30s along the coast. Christmas Day: The mid-level pattern will feature a shortwave ridge centered across the region in the morning as a trough amplifies across the Arklatex. At the sfc, high pressure centered over New England will remained ridged across region through the day. Conditions should feature dry weather with light NE winds. Highs should peak around 60 degrees. Thursday: Low pressure over the Great Plains is forecast to organize, lifting a warm front across the Deep South. Cloud cover is expected to gradually increase from the west. Thursday should begin with temperatures around 40 degrees warming to around 60 degrees in the afternoon. Isolated showers are possible across the outer Atlantic waters, with dry conditions across SE GA/SC. && .LONG TERM /THURSDAY NIGHT THROUGH MONDAY/... Friday: Long term guidance generally indicates that a secondary ridge will build across the region, with the ridge axis passing over the region during the afternoon and evening. The sfc ridge will remain across the forecast area, axis near the east facing slopes of the Southern Appalachians. Weak isentropic lift may yield increasing cloud cover across the CWA, isolated to scattered showers over the coastal areas. High temperatures are forecast to range between 60 to 65 degrees. Saturday and Sunday: A cold front will approach from the west, resulting in strengthening return flow across the forecast area. Weak synoptic scale forcing and building moisture may support isolated to scattered showers. Temperatures will remain around 10 degrees above normal. Low temperatures are forecast to range around 50 degrees on Saturday to the mid 50s on Sunday morning. High temperatures are forecast to generally range between 70 to 75. Monday: A cold front may push over the forecast area, then stalling along the coast. Conditions should gradually dry from the west through the day. Temperatures are forecast to begin the day around 50 degrees with highs around 70 degrees. && .AVIATION /02Z TUESDAY THROUGH SATURDAY/... 24/00Z TAF Discussion: KCHS/KJZI: Slight rain and drizzle will quickly spread into both terminals this evening as weak low pressure tries to develop offshore. Light rain will pick up in intensity later overnight with MVFR vsbys in RA and BR peaking 04-07z. Observations along the Georgia coast into far southern South Carolina suggest vsbys could drop as low as 2-3SM, which will most likely impact KJZI. TEMPO groups were used at both terminals to try and capture the heaviest conditions. MVFR cigs will linger overnight, returning to VFR by early afternoon as clouds begin to scour out as low pressure exits the area. KSAV: Light rain and drizzle will impact the terminal this evening as low pressure begins to organize offshore. MVFR cigs will linger for much of the night before scouring out after daybreak as low pressure begins to exit the area. Extended Aviation Outlook: VFR. && .MARINE... Tonight: A 1020-1021 mb low will form over the Gulf Stream off the northeast Florida coast early on, then lifts north-northeast to a position about 175 nm east of Savannah by morning. About a 3-4 millibar gradient will exist between an inland wedge and the developing low, allowing for solid Small Craft Advisories for all Atlantic waters. Winds start the night N-NE as high as 20-25 kt, with gusts near 30 kt. There will even be a few gusts near Gale Force as a 35-40 kt low level jet moves through early on. But any such winds are too isolated and/or infrequent to raise a Gale Warning. Winds back a bit more to the N and NNW late as the low gains latitude, and speeds do drop off a little behind the low level jet. Seas will average 5 to 7 feet, except for up to 8 feet on the outer Georgia waters. Winds in Charleston Harbor will start off NE around 15 kt, then back more N at 10-15 kt late. While light to moderate rains will be common throughout, there will also be a risk for a few t-storms. This is mainly on the South Carolina waters and parts of the Georgia waters out beyond 20 nm from shore. There might be just enough instability (either elevated or surface based) for isolated t-storms to occur. Tuesday: A coastal low will track northeast away from the marine zones through the period. Gusty northwest winds will remain across the coastal waters during the morning, veering from the northeast during the night. Seas are forecast to begin the day between 4 to 7 ft, decreasing to 3 to 5 ft during the evening. Small Craft Advisories will remain across the Charleston County nearshore waters and outer GA waters through most of the day, then ending in the evening. Christmas: High pressure will build across the region, supporting northeast winds between 15 to 20 kts. Seas are forecast to range from 3 to 5 ft. Wednesday Night through Saturday: A sfc ridge will remain across the coastal waters during the period, speeds generally between 15 to 20 kts. Wednesday night into Thursday, winds may surge to around 25 kts. As a result, seas are forecast to build 3 to 5 ft across the nearshore, with 6 to 7 ft across the outer GA waters. A Small Craft Advisory may become necessary for the outer GA waters on Thursday. Otherwise, conditions appear to remain below Small Craft Advisory criteria. && .CHS WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... GA...None. SC...None. MARINE...Small Craft Advisory until 8 PM EST Tuesday for AMZ350. Small Craft Advisory until 1 PM EST Tuesday for AMZ352. Small Craft Advisory until 7 AM EST Tuesday for AMZ354. Small Craft Advisory until 2 AM EST Wednesday for AMZ374. && $$
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Grand Forks ND
951 PM CST Mon Dec 23 2024 .KEY MESSAGES... - Extended period of fog forecast through at least Wednesday, some of which will be dense. - Above average temperatures mid to late week will bring chance for light rain or wintry mix between Friday and Saturday. && .UPDATE... Issued at 950 PM CST Mon Dec 23 2024 Fog continues to expand across the region this evening. This will continue through the overnight period into tomorrow. Not much has changed in confidence on ending time, so the Dense Fog Advisory will continue through at least 18z. UPDATE Issued at 646 PM CST Mon Dec 23 2024 The Dense Fog Advisory has been expanded to last through 18z tomorrow and includes the entire CWA. Fog will continue to expand overnight tonight, encompassing a majority of eastern North Dakota and northwest Minnesota. While there is the potential for fog to continue after 18z, the probability for this is low due to increasing wind speeds. Confidence will increase in if we can end the Dense Fog Advisory as we get closer to noon tomorrow. && .DISCUSSION... Issued at 200 PM CST Mon Dec 23 2024 ...Synopsis... Following yesterday`s shortwave trough, shortwave upper ridging over the Dakotas into Minnesota is readily seen on water vapor satellite imagery this afternoon. Underneath this ridging, surface high pressure has settled into the area. As upper ridging continues to slowly propagate east, surface high pressure will also slide east into Minnesota and Wisconsin by Wednesday. Within this surface high pressure, trapped low level moisture is promoting heaping low stratus clouds and fog, some of which continues to be dense. Brief incidences of very light snow and/or freezing mist have also been observed or reported across the area. While the surface high and accompanying fog/stratus gradually shifts east, a couple of weak shortwave troughs move out of the Northern Rockies through Wednesday. Overall, these troughs are devoid of deeper moisture for precipitation. However driving the troughs is strong Pacific jet nosing into the Northern Rockies. This will promote chinook winds warming temperatures aloft and eventually advecting into our area. This will contribute to above average temperatures into the 20s and 30s. Relatively higher surface dew points will also advect over the region. This warm/moist advection along with increasing low level winds will promote advection fog processes, especially given snowpack over our area. This lends higher confidence in an extended period of fog through at least Wednesday, possibly beyond. More details on this along with potentially unique but low probability hazards can be found below. Emanating out of the Pacific jet will be split flow starting over the West. One feature is suggested to be a deeply digging upper trough into the Great Basin that may cut off as it enters the Southern Plains. Quasi-southwest flow with embedded upper ridging into the Northern Plains north of this deep trough/cutoff low between Wednesday and Friday. This conceptually favors freezing drizzle for our region, which remains a possibility. Not much evidence in probabilities offered by ensemble guidance just yet in this occurring, so this is purely just based on pattern recognition based on climatology. Most ensemble guidance eventually swings the deep trough/cutoff low into the Upper Midwest between Friday and Saturday. There may also be smaller, secondary upper waves moving out of Northern Plains into the Northern Plains as this occurs or shortly afterwards, which makes sense given the split flow precluding this occurrence. These features offer the chance for precipitation into our area, including the potential for rain and/or wintry mix. As of now overall amounts look to be light without more robust/consolidated forcing into our area, but with temperatures near the freezing mark and liquid precipitation possible, this could be bring impacts from icing. It is much too early to put confidence in temperature regime that would dictate precipitation type, influencing potential for impacts. Additionally, ensembles still differ in synoptic evolution of the deep trough/cutoff low as well as its interaction with secondary waves as they mingle within the Northern Plains into Upper Midwest late this week. ...Extended period of fog; potential impacts from accumulating frost... The weather pattern through at least Wednesday offers higher than average confidence in fog into our area, particularly during tomorrow into Wednesday from advection fog processes over our current cold ground/snowpack. While exact details in timing and location of dense fog remains in question, the chance for extended periods of dense fog through Wednesday as offered by guidance like HREF and HRRR is around 40%. This extended period of dense fog amid freezing temperatures will continue to promote rime ice/hoar frost accumulation on exposed objects, including power lines. This may introduce potential impacts to power infrastructure should large accumulation of frost continue onto power lines. Accumulation of frost weighing down power lines is already being observed this afternoon on NDDOT webcam west of Cavalier. From a historical perspective, power-related impacts from frost accumulation isn`t uncommon in North Dakota. However, details on how much accumulation or duration of dense freezing fog that typically lead to these impacts remains uncertain. Adding an additional layer of uncertainty is a period of increased winds tonight into Tuesday between 10-20 mph. This may be enough to help knock down frost accumulations, but again confidence is low if this will be strong enough wind. Should wind be strong enough to knock down frost accretion, the chance for impacts markedly goes down. We should know if this has occurred by late Tuesday or Wednesday. Yet another additional layer of uncertainty is how potential freezing drizzle between Wednesday and Friday may play into this. Previous events of long duration freezing fog leading to large frost accumulation followed by light rain/drizzle has led large impacts from power outages, notably in western ND in 2009. Confidence in freezing drizzle to occur in our area should increase around midweek. While the chance of impacts to power infrastructure/power outages this week is low (less than 10%), the potential for this to cause high impacts in a somewhat unique fashion surrounding the holiday timeframe is worth the messaging opportunity. && .AVIATION /00Z TAFS THROUGH 00Z TUESDAY/... Issued at 512 PM CST Mon Dec 23 2024 TAFs will be at least IFR through at least 12z tomorrow. The primary issue will be fog that appears likely to continue to spread overnight tonight. Signals diverge on when fog will dissipate, with about half of guidance pushing it away at 18z. Confidence is low in this occurring, so for now the 00z TAFs will be fairly pessimistic. There may be brief breaks in between of MVFR or VFR, but expect it to remain predominately IFR. && .FGF WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... ND...Dense Fog Advisory until noon CST Tuesday for NDZ006>008- 014>016-024-026>030-038-039-049-052>054. MN...Dense Fog Advisory until noon CST Tuesday for MNZ001>004-007- 029. Dense Fog Advisory until noon CST Tuesday for MNZ005-006-008- 009-013>017-022>024-027-028-030>032-040. && $$ UPDATE...Perroux DISCUSSION...CJ AVIATION...Perroux
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Hastings NE
557 PM CST Mon Dec 23 2024 .KEY MESSAGES... - Areas of fog and freezing fog will be possible overnight and a dense fog advisory goes into effect for portions of south central Nebraska at 11 PM this evening. - A second round of fog is possible Christmas Eve night into Christmas morning. Some of this fog could once again be dense. - A small chance for precipitation (20-40%) returns to parts of the local area Thursday and Friday. Most of this precip should fall as rain, with overall precipitation totals likely ranging from only a few hundredths to around a tenth of an inch of rain. - A modest warm-up is in store for next weekend with widespread high temperatures in the 50s (Fri-Mon). && .DISCUSSION... Issued at 215 PM CST Mon Dec 23 2024 Mostly cloudy skies and mild temperatures persisted across the local area for much of the day. Clear skies to our north should gradually work their way south toward the NE/KS state line by dark or shortly thereafter, and this clearing should allow temperatures to fall off fairly rapidly during the evening hours. As temperatures fall and very light southeasterly winds return, expect the potential for fog development across much of the local area overnight. Model signals for dense fog development overnight are fairly strong, and went ahead and issued a dense fog advisory for much of the area starting at 11 PM this evening. Given sub-freezing temperatures also in the forecast overnight, this dense fog could freeze on elevated and untreated surfaces, making for a potentially slick start to the day on Tuesday in spots. As a back door cold front tracks southwest into the local area on Tuesday, expect temperatures to only climb into the 40s, or about 10 degrees below this afternoons high temperatures. Thereafter...the 18Z run of the HRRR as well as SREF probs are indicating a possible repeat of dense fog across the local area Tuesday evening into Christmas day, and given another night of mostly clear skies, light southeasterly flow and elevated dewpoints - this seems reasonable. The next system, which will be around the four corners region on Christmas day, is expected to emerge into the Plains on Thursday and Friday, bringing a chance for some light precip back to the local area. While the NAM looks very drizzly in nature with this system, kept the precip type as light rain for both Thursday and Friday. Either way, precip totals will be light, and likely all liquid, so minimal impacts are expected Thursday and Friday. Temperatures should then warm back up to well above normal over the weekend (50s!) as a transitory ridge of high pressure scoots across the plains. This dry and warmer than average weather will then persist into early next week with another small chance of precip Monday returning Monday afternoon or evening. && .AVIATION /00Z TAFS THROUGH 00Z WEDNESDAY/... Issued at 544 PM CST Mon Dec 23 2024 For KGRI/KEAR Airports: The primary aviation concern will center around the probability for fog including dense (<1/4SM) fog. The SREF probabilities for visibilities less than 1 mile get as high as 50-60%. Recent HRRR runs are the most aggressive with the dense fog and continue to indicate widespread less than 1/4SM visibility in fog mainly after midnight through as late as noon. The probability for dense fog is high enough that a dense fog advisory was issued for both KEAR and KGRI from midnight through 10 AM, but it`s possible that the dense fog could last longer than 10 AM and the dense fog advisory may need to be extended in some areas through 11 AM or noon. The fog is not expected to last all day and we expect to see a return to VFR conditions during the afternoon hours. The wind will remain light and variable to generally southeasterly throughout the TAF valid period at less than 10 mph. && .GID WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... NE...Dense Fog Advisory from 11 PM this evening to 10 AM CST Tuesday for NEZ039>041-046>049-061>064-074>077-085>087. KS...None. && $$ DISCUSSION...Rossi AVIATION...Wesely
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service North Platte NE
916 PM CST Mon Dec 23 2024 .KEY MESSAGES... - Dense Fog Advisory in effect later tonight until 10 AM CST for Boyd, Holt, Garfield and Wheeler County. - Above average temperatures expected to persist the next 7 days across all of western and north central Nebraska. - The next shot a precipitation arrives Wednesday night and again Thursday night into Friday, though confidence remains low (10-30%) at this time. Any precipitation looks to primarily fall in the form of rain. - A return of dry conditions with above average temperatures (50s) is expected into next weekend. This could also lead to the return of increasing fire weather concerns. && .SHORT TERM /THROUGH TUESDAY NIGHT/... Issued at 310 PM CST Mon Dec 23 2024 The short term concern will be the development of fog across the east after midnight tonight lasting until 16Z Tuesday. This is in close agreement with the latest HRRR and RAP13 as well as the HREF grand ensemble with probabilities of less than a half mile up to 70 percent. This will mainly affect Boyd, Holt, Garfield and Wheeler Counties, where a Dense Fog Advisory is in effect from 06Z tonight until 16Z Tuesday. Tonight, surface high pressure will remain centered by MN into WI overnight. Surface winds across western Nebraska will be light at 5 mph or less, with a southerly component. Lows will again be above normal from 25 to 30 across the area. Tuesday, an amplified upper ridge over the Central Rockies will build into the High Plains in the afternoon. This will bring another mild day, with highs 50 to 55 across the west, to the mid 40s over the far eastern zones. After morning fog and stratus lift in the morning, sunny skies are expected in the afternoon. Tuesday night, the transitory upper ridge will move over the region, as an upper trough moves across the Great Basin with a closed low forecast to develop at the base of the trough over northern AZ by late Tuesday night. Lows again remain above normal from 25 to 30. Could see fog development after midnight near and south of Highway 2 and 91 (see further details below). && .LONG TERM /WEDNESDAY THROUGH MONDAY/... Issued at 310 PM CST Mon Dec 23 2024 The upper low over the Four Corners Region on Wednesday will be a primary feature Wednesday night into Thursday. Confidence continues to increase that this upper low ejecting across the southern Plains Wednesday night into Thursday afternoon will largely affect Kansas and areas to the south. With a weaker low and southerly track, confidence has increased in lesser precipitation chances locally with this initial system. Probabilities of >0.1" of precipitation accumulation has dropped to just 5% or less for portions of southwest Nebraska. This is only for Wednesday night. Soundings support any precipitation falling as rain. The NBM probability of fog with visibilities below 5 miles are 30 to 50 percent, near and south of Highway 2 and 91. Therefore, fog potential is increasing for Wednesday (Christmas morning). Highs Wednesday and Thursday will continue to remain above normal from the mid 40s to near 50. Thursday night and Friday, the downstream trough and closed low is forecast to become an open trough as it moves across MO into IL. Upstream, a northern stream trough across the Rockies will cross Nebraska and Kansas. NBM probabilities of >0.1" is only 10 to 20 percent across the southeastern half of the area. If any precipitation does occur, it should fall mainly as rain. A flattened upper ridge will build into the region thorugh Sunday. Dry conditions quickly return, and increasing warm advection should push highs into the 50s. With the return of warm and dry conditions, will have to monitor for increasing fire weather concerns. Medium range models show the potential for a stronger cold front moving in next Monday (Dec. 30th) and the introduction for POPS in the form of rain or snow showers. Current highs are 45 to 55, with the potential for colder temperatures to be felt. && .AVIATION /06Z TAFS THROUGH 06Z WEDNESDAY/... Issued at 914 PM CST Mon Dec 23 2024 A mid-level cloud deck will linger across southwest Nebraska through most of tonight with VFR conditions expected. Mainly clear skies are expected across the Sandhills and portions of north central Nebraska with VFR prevailing. Eastern portions of north central Nebraska around ONL will see low ceilings (IFR and local LIFR) lingering into Tuesday morning. Winds will be light area wide, generally less than 10 kts. && .LBF WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... Dense Fog Advisory until 10 AM CST Tuesday for NEZ007-010-028- 029. && $$ SHORT TERM...Roberg LONG TERM...Roberg AVIATION...Taylor
Area Forecast Discussion...Updated Aviation
National Weather Service Saint Louis MO
541 PM CST Mon Dec 23 2024 .KEY MESSAGES... - Multiple rounds of rain are expected during the holiday week, with the best chances (60-100%) late Tuesday/Tuesday night across portions of east central and southeast Missouri as well as south- central Illinois. - Above normal temperatures are forecast for the entirety of the holiday week, with the warmest temperatures forecast Friday through Sunday with highs well into the 50s each afternoon. && .SHORT TERM... (Through Late Tuesday Night) Issued at 137 PM CST Mon Dec 23 2024 A surface cold front is currently draped from near KMCI>>KUIN as of 1900 UTC. This front is expected to continue to sag southward through tonight, become more ill defined, and then stall out across southeast Missouri and southwest Illinois. Ahead of this front, broad/weak low-level moisture convergence has helped lead to scattered sprinkles/very light rain showers across parts of southeast Missouri and southwest Illinois. This activity is expected to continue sliding southeastward through the evening. A push toward more widespread, stratiform light rain is still expected late tonight as low-level moisture convergence strengthens coincident with increasing mid/upper level forcing for ascent downstream of an approaching trough. This steady light rain is expected to reach parts of southeast Missouri just before daybreak on Tuesday, and then spread gradually east and north through the day. By late afternoon, the northwestern edge of the precipitation shield is expected to be reach roughly a Jefferson City to Troy, MO line. There remains some uncertainty as to how far northwest this steadier light rain gets, with the 9Z RAP and 12Z HRRR about 50-75 miles further south/southeast than this forecast. However, all lower resolution guidance as well as the remaining CAMs are quite a bit further northwest so leaned on the consensus here. That being said, the highest confidence in rain is in parts of southeast Missouri and southwest Illinois where 80-100% PoPs exist late Tuesday afternoon through much of Tuesday night. Total rainfall amounts continue to look fairly light overall, with the HREF LPMM only having a small area right around 0.50" in southeast Missouri. While the duration of the rain may be fairly long (18+ hours possibly), the rates look very light. This makes sense given very weak forcing for ascent at mid/upper levels of the atmosphere. Temperatures will remain on the mild side, mainly at night given the persistent low stratus and weak temperature advection regime expected to be in place through the short-term forecast period. Lows both tonight and Tuesday night are expected to be in the 30s to low 40s from north to south, or about 10 to as much as 15 degrees above normal for late December. Highs on Tuesday will not rebound much, likely only rising about 5-8 degrees due to the low clouds and incoming rain from the south. Highs are forecast to be in the low to mid 40s, just a few degrees above normal. Gosselin && .LONG TERM... (Wednesday through Next Monday) Issued at 137 PM CST Mon Dec 23 2024 (Christmas Day - Thursday) Steady light rain looks to end by Christmas morning as stronger low- level moisture advection moves out of the area. In addition, the track of the midlevel shortwave trough has trended quite a bit further to the south, leaving the mid-Mississippi Valley more within a shear axis than anything. This is a long way of saying that rainfall activity on Christmas Day looks more unorganized and very light. The best chances (30-50%) are mainly in eastern Missouri and over into Illinois beneath this shear axis and within broad, weak surface convergence along an inverted trough. Christmas night into Thursday should largely be dry, though there may be some patchy drizzle hanging around. The setup appears favorable, with weak surface convergence, low stratus, and dry midlevels of the atmosphere. Deterministic model guidance also has some splotchy very light QPF - another sign pointing to the chance of drizzle. Did not add to the forecast quite yet, but this is something that may need to be added in future forecast updates. Regardless of any drizzle though, the gloomy look and feel will continue with thick, low stratus draped across the area. Similar to earlier in the week, this will really help limit the temperature fall Christmas night and climb each day. Lows around 40 degrees are likely Christmas night, with highs moderating a bit by Thursday into the low to mid 50s. Highs have been trending downward however through midweek and there appears to be room for Thursday`s highs to come down further as we get closer. (Thursday Night - Next Monday) The active pattern continues late this week heading into the weekend as two more distinct midlevel shortwaves look to quickly pass through the region. Each of which still has a fair amount of uncertainty with them in terms of track/timing/uncertainty, which is not too surprising given the very short wavelengths between each successive wave. While the details will need to be pinned down over the coming days, there appears to be two main windows for rain to impact the parts if not most of the area: late Thursday night/Friday and Saturday/Saturday night. There is more confidence in late Thursday night/Friday, with 80-90+% of LREF members showing measurable rainfall. Compare that to the Saturday/Saturday night time period, where only 40-65% of members have measurable rain. Looking at temperatures, there remains very high confidence in well- above normal readings through this weekend and into early next week. Highs are likely to be well into the 50s Friday through Sunday, with some locations potentially even making a run at 60 degrees if there is any sunshine that occurs. Lows are forecast to be mainly in the mid to upper 40s. To put those numbers in perspective, those lows are likely to be above normal highs for the period. Gosselin && .AVIATION... (For the 00z TAFs through 00z Tuesday Evening) Issued at 531 PM CST Mon Dec 23 2024 Sprinkles continue to push across the area with little to no impact at the terminals and a dry forecast will largely continue through the evening. Overnight MVFR ceilings will converge on the terminals from the north and the south. The southern deck is already impacting COU and will slowly move northward overnight, impacting JEF. The northern deck is currently across Iowa and will slide southward overnight, finally impacting UIN during the early morning hours. Increasing low-level moisture from both sides will help to lower ceilings but may also result in decreased visibility. A minor improvement in visibility and ceilings could occur during the morning and early afternoon hours tomorrow ahead of the next chance of rain. Rain will move into the St. Louis metro terminals tomorrow afternoon bringing reduced visibilities and eventually IFR ceilings to the area. Again, low-level moisture is expected to be significant, increasing confidence in IFR ceilings and MVFR visibility. Given the signal, I`ve gone ahead and included a mention of this in the TAF. What is a little more uncertain is the exact timing of this reduction in flight conditions as well as the severity. This will be further refined with future forecasts. Confidence is lower that rain will move into the mid-Missouri terminals, so for now have left mention of it and the lower ceilings and visibility out of the TAF for now. Winds will become light overnight and eventually swing around to the northeast as a cold front drops through the forecast area overnight. Delia && .LSX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... MO...None. IL...None. && $$ WFO LSX