Forecast Discussions mentioning any of "HRRR" "RAP" "RUC13" "RUC" "RR" received at GSD on 07/16/24


Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service La Crosse WI
1056 PM CDT Mon Jul 15 2024 .KEY MESSAGES... - Scattered to areas of storms from late afternoon into early evening. Some will be strong to severe with a damaging wind and hail threat. - Turning cooler and less humid for the rest of the week while also trending dry. && .DISCUSSION... Issued at 200 PM CDT Mon Jul 15 2024 * STORM CHANCES THIS AFTERNOON/TONIGHT - some strong to severe possible from late afternoon into early evening CLouds and showers persisting for the early afternoon, tracking west to east across southern MN through central WI - working to keep the local environment relatively stable. Just south of there more sun has been working on the juicy airmass over IA with the RAP suggesting 3500+ SBCAPE possible over northeast IA by 21z. Bit of shortwave energy coupled with approaching sfc low and left over outflow boundary will look to fire convection by mid/late afternoon - but stout low level cap (per RAP/HRRR bufkit soundings) will keep a lid on activity before those move in. This could hold off initiation until after 4 pm. Mostly straight line hodograph in the RAP/HRRR with 0-6km shear around 40 kts supporting convective updrafts and some supercellular potential at outset. System could quickly morph into a convective complex capable of swaths of damaging winds - but more likely southeast of the local area. Ongoing clouds/showers provide uncertainty as to northward extent of this particular area of convection, and this region could change by the hour based on how the afternoon unfolds. Some HRRR runs keep any significant convection south/east of the local area. Currently, local severe threat looks highest for northeast IA and southwest WI in the 4 to 7 pm time frame. To the north, a cold front with another piece of upper level energy will be slide cross northern portions of WI. Some clearing there will increase instability and CAMS models trigger a broken line of convection (tied to the front) that would drop southeast across the forecast area. More multicellular with a mixed big of strong/severe potential outcomes (hail, strong winds). Severe threat is lower with these storms compared to the anticipated convection over IA. All the storms would have the potential for locally heavy rain, but all look to be moving at a good clip with no training of note via the CAMS. Localized flooding issues could arise, but don`t see a widespread heavy rain/flooding threat that would warrant a Flood Watch at this time. * TUESDAY INTO THE WEEKEND - cooler and less humid, trending dry Another lobe of upper level energy slated to rotate across the upper mississippi river valley Tue afternoon/evening. Cold air advection a loft will promote a ribbon of increased low level lapse rates with perhaps 250-500 J/Kg of MUCAPE. Questions on whether there will be enough saturation to play with results in mixed signals in the various short term models (some produce spotty to scattered late afternoon shower/storms...others don`t). With a bit more support for at least a smattering of light showers, will paint in some low pops (20%) for the afternoon in a west-east running band, sliding southward across the region and mostly south of the area by 00z. Upper level blocking pattern then taking shape for the rest of the week as ridge continues to amplify/hold firm across the rockies/west coast while a trough holds over the new england states. Much cooler and less humid air will flow in from Canada and set up shop through the upcoming weekend, and could linger well into the following week. EPS and GEFS members only show a few degree spread between their 25-75% for highs - mostly topping out in the 70s through Fri. Probabilities in the LREF start to push to 40-50% to climb back into the 80s moving into the weekend, but certainly nothing trending hot & humid. Meanwhile, the current upper level layout would generally keep most of the shortwave activity either into Canada or off to the west. While can`t completely rule out some small rain chances here and there, it`s looking like a dry spate of days for most of the region through the weekend. A welcome break from the recent soggy conditions. && .AVIATION /06Z TAFS THROUGH 06Z WEDNESDAY/... Issued at 1054 PM CDT Mon Jul 15 2024 Light winds will become northwest and then increase to around 10 knots on Tuesday. Otherwise VFR conditions are expected. && .ARX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... WI...None. MN...None. IA...None. && $$ DISCUSSION...JM AVIATION...Boyne
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Cheyenne WY
605 PM MDT Mon Jul 15 2024 .KEY MESSAGES... - Hot temperatures will continue through this afternoon for a majority of the area today before tapering off temporarily through mid-week. - Increased precipitation chances and cooler temperatures are expected this afternoon through Wednesday. - Isolated severe thunderstorms are expected today and Tuesday. The primary hazards are lightning, brief heavy rainfall, and strong winds to 60mph. && .SHORT TERM /THROUGH WEDNESDAY NIGHT/... Issued at 235 PM MDT Mon Jul 15 2024 Cold front pushing into the CWA from the northeast this afternoon...currently lays along a line from Bridgeport to Douglas into central Montana. Radar beginning to show convection developing just west of this front across northern Carbon/Albany Counties...into Platte County. RAP analysis showing low level CIN has eroded away with 20Z surface based CAPE 500 J/KG over southeast Wyoming and just over 1000 J/KG over the Panhandle. Looking at SBCAPE to continue increasing through the afternoon. SPC mesoanalysis showing CAPE increasing to 1500-2000J/KG through the late afternoon. Both HRRR and RAP simulated radar showing a good coverage of convection across the CWA at 00Z. Initially high based storms...main hazard will be strong downburst winds of 60 mph or higher. By 00Z...PWATS looking to be around 0.9 inch across southeast Wyoming and near an inch over the Panhandle...so should begin to see rain hitting the ground this evening for a time. Front gets forced east Tuesday into western South Dakota and western Nebraska. May be a bit less coverage of storms across southeast Wyoming Tuesday as PWATS decrease in the drier air. For the Panhandle however...their PWATS stay pretty high (over an inch). May be dealing with marginally severe storms in the Panhandle Tuesday afternoon. Maybe better chances for convection Wednesday as ECMWF/GFS/NAM and SREF all show that surface front surging west back into the southeast Wyoming plains. && .LONG TERM /THURSDAY THROUGH SUNDAY/... Issued at 235 PM MDT Mon Jul 15 2024 After a brief break from the heat on Tuesday and Wednesday, the ridge aloft will re-consolidate on Thursday and warm 700-mb temperatures back up to around +15C over the area. The intensity of this round of heat is expected to be less than what we just saw over the weekend. Still, expect above normal temperatures with highs in the upper 80s to 90s for most of the area. Thunderstorm coverage on Thursday will be a little less than Wednesday due to lack of forcing, but dewpoints in the 50s will still linger in the Ne panhandle and far eastern Wyoming. As a result, still expect PM shower and storm activity, just with lower coverage. An uptick in activity is possible on Friday as a shortwave skirts over the top of the upper level ridge and moves down its eastern flank. The added lift from the nearby shortwave could enhance storm coverage a bit, though ensembles differ in handling the strength and proximity of this system. Generally have PoPs in the 30-50% range across the area for Friday, which looks like the best chance of the long term period. The axis of the upper level ridge over the west responsible for the recent hot weather will retrograde westward over the weekend, allowing cooler air to spill into the Plains east of the Rockies. Temperatures on Saturday and Sunday will be near to slightly below normal for this time of year as more surface cold fronts are permitted through our area. Daily chances for afternoon showers and thunderstorms will continue through the weekend, but it is difficult to get into the details at this time. && .AVIATION /00Z TAFS THROUGH 00Z WEDNESDAY/... Issued at 605 PM MDT Mon Jul 15 2024 The first line of thunderstorms this afternoon will exit the western Nebraska Panhandle over the next hour. A second round is developing behind this line across the mountain of southeast Wyoming and is forecast to impact most terminals between now and 05z, including western Nebraska later this evening. Activity is expected to weaken and push east after 05z late this evening. HAZARDS/WEATHER TRENDS: VFR conditions will prevail in between thunderstorms. However, brief (Less than an hour) IFR conditions are possible with these thunderstorms as they move rapidly eastward. In addition, frequent lightning, small hail, and very gusty winds are possible until 05z late this evening. Conditions will improve by midnight (06z). && .CYS WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... WY...None. NE...None. && $$ SHORT TERM...GCC LONG TERM...MN AVIATION...TJT
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Des Moines IA
634 PM CDT Mon Jul 15 2024 ...Updated for the 00z Aviation Discussion... .KEY MESSAGES... - Enhanced Severe Storm Risk Through Evening with Risk of Higher End Damaging Winds, Some Hail and Possible Tornado - Heat Advisory in place to this evening South - Cooler and Mainly Dry Tuesday through Sunday && .DISCUSSION... Issued at 221 PM CDT Mon Jul 15 2024 Confidence Short Term: Medium Warm layer aloft still holding down convection at 1815z with cu field showing up along one of the many weak boundaries over the region. The overall synoptic set up is the same with a trough of low pressure from northern Wisconsin back to western MN, then south to western Iowa. Weak lows are present in western MN and near Omaha. VISSAT shows the area of cu and also the same location of the highest SBCAPE of 6000 to 7000 J/kg and surface moisture convergence. Currently there remains some weak MLCIN over western Iowa where some convection is trying to fire. However, just to the east of where some storms are beginning, the area is totally uncapped with 4000 to 4500 J/kg MLCAPE. The more widespread initiation is still expected between 21 to 22z. Though the earlier HRRR runs today have been backing off on our area to some degree, the latest 17z HRRR is now initiating convection around 20 to 21z and quickly filling in an area of discrete storms around US20 US30 corridor. This then grows upscale into northern and west central Illinois. Trailing severe convection begins to fill in between US20 and I80 between 22z and 01z. So, holding on to similar thinking with the potential still there. While the potential for widespread high end wind event may be reduced slightly in this scenario, we should still see some pockets of significant damaging winds within the clusters of storms. The good news is that most of the storms should exit the region around 02 to 03z and the remainder of the night relatively quiet. Tomorrow was originally expected to be dry, but there is another weak wave over Montana tracking southeast. This may bring a few showers/isolated storms to the region by Tuesday afternoon. The main theme for tomorrow and moving forward is cooler temperatures. Highs tomorrow will range from the upper 70s north to the lower to mid 80s south. Tomorrow night as high pressure settles into the region, any lingering showers should come to an end with cooler overnight mins in the upper 50s to mid 60s. .Long Term /Wednesday through Monday/... Confidence: Medium Most of the week will remain dry with cooler temperatures in the 70s to lower 80s. Toward the weekend, we return to southerly flow with chances once again for some convection by late Friday night west. This trend will extend into the weekend, but with lower confidence on coverage and timing. Temperatures should remain pleasant and in the 70s to lower 80s. && .AVIATION /00Z TAFS THROUGH 00Z WEDNESDAY/... Issued at 634 PM CDT Mon Jul 15 2024 Storms continue moving southeast of most sites, with the exception is OTM. Will monitor storms. Have timed out arrival. Most of the remainder is clear. Expecting VFR conditions to follow for tonight. Some potential for scat showers tomorrow afternoon. Will leave for 06z TAF package to handle. /rev && .DMX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... Heat Advisory until 8 PM CDT this evening for IAZ057>062- 070>075-081>086-092>097. && $$ DISCUSSION...REV AVIATION...REV
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Hastings NE
631 PM CDT Mon Jul 15 2024 .KEY MESSAGES... - Heat Advisory remains in effect until 8 PM for all but the far north fringes of our coverage area (CWA). Although Tuesday will be "somewhat hot" especially in our KS counties, we can thankfully wave GOODBYE to truly dangerous/excessive heat for the foreseeable future (high temps mainly between upper 70s and mid 80s most places over next week). - While our entire CWA is officially under either a Marginal/Slight risk for severe storms later this evening- overnight, we are getting overall MORE CONCERNED about Tuesday afternoon-evening severe storm potential as storms develop along a secondary cold front and move south-southeastward through the area. - Beyond Tuesday: While it will certainly be dry more often than not, the Wed night-Monday time frame features several/intermittent (and mainly low-confidence) rain/thunderstorm chances for various parts of the CWA. At least for now, the overall-highest/most widespread chances (PoPs) are focused Fri night. && .DISCUSSION... Issued at 459 PM CDT Mon Jul 15 2024 -- PRIMARY CHANGES TO THIS 7-DAY FORECAST "PACKAGE" VERSUS THE PREVIOUS ONE (issued early this AM): - As already mentioned above, concern has increased somewhat for a potential severe storm threat Tuesday afternoon-evening, as latest models have come in a bit more aggressive with development along a secondary cold front dropping southward through the area. Agree with SPC in "upgrading" essentially our entire CWA from a Marginal Risk (level 1 of 5) to a level 2 Slight Risk. -- 7-DAY FORECAST OVERVIEW/HIGHLIGHTS: - CURRENT/RECENT WEATHER SCENE AS OF 4 PM: Today has pretty much played out as expected. We remain in the grips of our LAST day of excessive heat, with actual high temps on track to range from mid 90s for most Neb zones, to upper 90s along the state line, to 100-108 in KS. Thanks to dewpoints still well into the upper 60s-mid 70s range across the majority of our Neb CWA, heat index values are still solidly into the 100-108 range across the majority of the CWA. Our Heat Advisory continues as-posted until 8 PM...considered trimming off a few northwestern counties where heat index is "coolest", but even there heat index is still into the 90s so opted to just let it ride. In the big picture of the mid-upper levels, water vapor satellite and short term model data confirm broad west- northwesterly flow aloft, as we remain in between the center of expansive ridging/high pressure centered over northwest NM, and a large-scale trough centered over southeast Canada into the Great Lakes region. On the smaller scale, a low-amplitude disturbance is pushing southeastward into mainly IA, where strong to severe storms have blossomed. At the surface, although it obviously hasn`t cooled us off much yet, a MUCH-WELCOMED cold front continues marching south across our CWA and has reached far northern KS. In it`s wake, north-northeast breezes are sustained generally 10-15 MPH/some gusts 20+ MPH. - THIS EVENING-OVERNIGHT: With weak forcing aloft to the west of the IA convection, along with warm air aloft/capping in play, our CWA is expected to remain well west of any convection developing to our east, and at least for several more hours, should also remain well east of any convection developing off the High Plains/Foothills of CO/WY. However, mainly sometime AFTER 10 PM, higher-res short term models (particularly HRRR), suggest that a broken line and/or cluster/complex of convection will likely arrive into our CWA from the west. Although have at least slight chances (20%) across our entire CWA for the late evening-overnight hours, have the highest chances (currently 50% but possibly not high enough) focused within our far western and especially southern/KS zones. Latest HRRR suggests that IF our CWA is subjected to any severe storm threat tonight, it would mainly focus 11PM-3AM in association with a possible storm complex/MCS rolling mainly along/especially south of the NE-KS border. Main hazards would likely be 60+ MPH winds, with a somewhat lesser threat for hail to around quarter size. While the main batch of storms would likely depart our far east-southeast zones by around 3-4 AM, left small PoPs intact through the rest of tonight to account for possible spotty "residual" weaker storms. In other departments overnight, made little change to low temps...aimed from mid-upper 60s north to low 70s far southeast. With light winds late in the night, suppose some mainly patchy/light fog cannot be ruled out, but kept out of forecast as current expectation is for cloud cover to be a mitigating factor. - TUESDAY DAYTIME-OVERNIGHT: While most places are likely to be dry in the morning through at least early afternoon, have some low PoPs in to account for at least isolated, non-severe storm activity. However, at some point in the 4-7 PM time frame, things are expected to get active along a secondary cold front arriving from the north. For only being 24 hours out, models still show a fair amount of uncertainty in the "exact" arrival of this front and associated threat (HRRR closer to 4 PM...NAMNest closer to 7 PM). Either way, once storm do develop, the environment will be favorable for initial, at least briefly isolated/maybe supercellular storms, that would then grow upscale into at least a broken line/cluster as they track south-southeast. Fully agree with SPC on the upgrade to Slight Risk (level 2), as healthy mixed- layer CAPE of 2500-3500 J/kg in the presence of 35-40KT of deep layer shear should be enough to stir up some trouble...mainly in the form of hail to at least ping pong ball size/gusts to at least 60 MPH. Based on current timing, the main severe threat should exit our southern zones by around 11 PM-Midnight, with most areas then likely storm-free the rest of the night. In other Tuesday departments, although it WILL BE COOLER than today, it won`t exactly be refreshing either. In fact, high temps have trended up a few degrees...currently aimed mid 80s most Neb zones, upper 80s-low 90s near the state line and mid 90s far southeast (esp Osborne/Mitchell counties). So better, but not exactly cool by any means. - WEDNESDAY-THURSDAY: As cooler/drier (more stable) air arrives from the north- northeast, things should certainly turn less active. In fact, the Wednesday daytime -evening forecast is currently dry, with only some "iffy" slight PoPs in far western zones late Wed night. Winds Wed will be out of the northeast generally 10-15 MPH, and it will be the overall-coolest day we`ll have seen in over a week with highs aimed mainly upper 70s-low 80s (a few mid 80s possible mainly KS). Like Wed, Thurs-Thurs night will likely be mainly dry as well as we remain under uneventful northwesterly flow aloft, but there are some small PoPs mainly west. Highs again mainly upper 70s-low 80s, but more mid 80s south-southwest. - FRIDAY-SATURDAY: Although still several days out and far from a "sure thing", latest ECMWF/GFS agree that a shortwave trough will drop southward into our region...thus sparking our overall-highest (widespread 50-60%) rain/thunderstorm chances of the week for Friday evening-overnight. Lower chances continue into Saturday, which should be mostly dry. Temp-wise, Friday warms up a touch with more widespread 80s (pushing 90 far southwest), but then cool down again Saturday (mainly upper 70s-mid 80s). - SUNDAY-MONDAY: Various, low-end/low-confidence PoPs continue, as there are signs of at least weak disturbances in the area (more so GFS versus ECMWF). As usual that far out, confidence is higher in temps. At least for now, our official forecast MIGHT be a bit too cool advertising highs mainly mid-upper 70s, but even if it trends up a bit with time...should not be any warmer than low- mid 80s. && .AVIATION /00Z TAFS THROUGH 00Z TUESDAY/... Issued at 612 PM CDT Mon Jul 15 2024 For KGRI/KEAR Airports: Prevailing VFR conditions expected through the period with a small chance for a thunderstorm or two possible after midnight. The developing line of TSRAs to our west is expected to weaken as they approach our western fringe (Dawson county) late this evening, with a VCTS possible aft 16/05Z as this line pushes east southeastward. Behind this line, expect a mid level cloud deck near 10KFT to persist through the overnight hours...and with light winds and elevated dewpoints, could see a bit of light BR...although would prefer less mid level clouds to have anything more significant. Mid level clouds are forecast to linger across the local area through much of the day Tuesday, with more breaks during the afternoon hours, before another front brings an additional chance for TSRAs to the terminals Tuesday evening. && .GID WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... NE...Heat Advisory until 8 PM CDT this evening for NEZ048-049- 060>064-072>077-082>087. KS...Heat Advisory until 8 PM CDT this evening for KSZ005>007- 017>019. && $$ DISCUSSION...Pfannkuch AVIATION...Rossi
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Gray ME
1130 PM EDT Mon Jul 15 2024 .SYNOPSIS... Heat and humidity build for the next few days as high pressure strengthens off the Eastern Seaboard, with chances for scattered afternoon showers and thunderstorms each day. A cold front moves through late Wednesday through Thursday, bringing drier and somewhat cooler conditions for the end of the week and going into the weekend with high pressure building in from the west. && .NEAR TERM /UNTIL 6 PM TUESDAY EVENING/... 1130 PM Update...Mid level short wave associated with a remnant MCV is showing signs of weakening as it lifts northeastward across the Adirondacks towards the St Lawrence Valley. Latest regional radar mosaic shows an area of showers with embedded thunder moving northeast into Vermont with lightning activity on the downward trend. Surface obs over Upstate NY into northern VT show some recent wind gusts to around 30 mph and rainfall rates nearing one inch per hour. Overall no major changes with this update with some tweaks to PoPs as the area of showers and embedded thunder slide across the northern half of NH and far NW Maine. Since this activity is on the downward trend... little in the way of impacts are expected from this rain. The southern half will likely see little in the way of measurable rainfall with patchy fog possible along the coastal plain. 7 PM Update...Convection that has be ongoing across Mass has remained well south of the NH border and have trimmed back PoPs in the near term across southern NH. Latest satellite shows CU fields have started to dissipate across the forecast area with mostly fair skies prevailing and therefore have also decreased the sky cover forecast. The main item of interest is an MCS marching across the Finger Lakes region of NY. Recent runs of the HRRR and the 18Z NamNest maintain good agreement that this MCS will weaken as it crosses the Hudson Valley and moves into VT around Midnight tonight. Models suggest this feature will continue to weaken as it crosses into NH after midnight with few rumbles of thunder possible and some brief heavy rain. Will continue to monitor this feature through the evening, while the overall threat for strong thunderstorms is on the downward trend based on the latest model guidance. Previously... Visible satellite imagery this afternoon shows some diurnally driven cumulus across the area with some cirrus streaming over southern NH. The latest RAP13 pressure analysis shows a sfc trough moving across southern New England, which is helping to spark scattered showers and thunderstorms over Central Massachusetts. Latest CAMs suggest most of this activity should drift east and south of NH over the next couple of hours but it is possible some additional storms develop within the outflow boundaries associated with the ongoing convection. It will otherwise continue to be a hot and humid afternoon and early evening with just an isolated shower or storm. Any storm will be capable of producing locally gusty winds and briefly heavy rainfall. Our attention tonight will be focused on a gradually weakening MCS/MCV that is currently moving across western NY state. This system is progged to continue moving east-northeastward this evening and through tonight before arriving towards VT within an hour or so either side of 10 PM. Latest CAMs indicate a continued weakening trend as it arrives in our area by or a little after midnight with the main focus moving into southern Quebec. The environment will remain somewhat favorable though through the night for strong to locally severe storms as the h8 LLJ strengthens, increasing the 0-6km shear to around 35 kts with around 1500 J/KG of MUCAPE to work with. As a result, while the threat for overnight convection and possible strong to severe storms is low it cannot be completely ruled out as CAMs tend to struggle with these types of setups. Strong to locally damaging winds, heavy rainfall, and frequent lightning would be the primary threats. It will otherwise be a warm and muggy night with lows into the upper 60s to lower 70s. Patchy fog will be possible overnight as well. && .SHORT TERM /6 PM TUESDAY EVENING THROUGH WEDNESDAY/... Hot and humid conditions will persist on Tuesday with high temperatures into the lower to middle 90s south of the mountains. Cooler temperatures will be common across the far north, mountains, and along the Mid-Coast/islands. A Heat Advisory has been issued for most locations south of the mountains and away from the Mid-Coast with heat indices into the 95-100 degree range during the afternoon. Additional scattered showers and storms are possible during the afternoon and evening as a s/w crosses over the region. Any storms will be capable of becoming strong to severe with damaging winds the primary threat. The Storm Prediction Center has placed most of NH into a MRGL risk for severe storms. Storms diminish Tuesday night paving the way to another warm and muggy night with lows primarily into the 70s. Fog will be possible once again, especially in locations the receive earlier rainfall. && .LONG TERM /WEDNESDAY NIGHT THROUGH SUNDAY/... Models have been fairly consistent over the last few days for breaking the heat wave come Wed night and Thursday as a more localized -NAO sets up over Greenland and the Atlantic poleward of 50 N. This does help break down the ridge, but there is so much warm over central and western Canada that there really isn`t much of source to cool things down, but itll be more along the lines of less warm, with temps running normal or a little above. However, once we clear the hot air out, it will be mainly dry Friday into early next week, with daytime temps mostly in the 80s, and overnight light in the mid 50s to mid 60s. Wednesday shot be the last hot and humid days, and while we will probably need another heat advisory in S NH and SW ME, there are still questions as to how quickly clouds/SHRA/TSRA move in ahead of the front, and thus, how will warm it will be in points N and E. As for the front, there still questions with its timing as we will have to see how it reacts to the wave interacting with it Tuesday night, and then again a second wave that moves through late Wed night or Thu, and where and when the second one develops will be dependent on the first. So, while some SHRA/TSRA will be possible Wed afternoon, especially in the mtns, the bulk of any convection will likely be Wed night, and precip amts will depend on what happens with the front. Its unlikely that we will clear the high humidity out of here Wed night, although mins will be a little lower especially in the mtns, generally in the 60s. Thu will also depend on what happens with the front, but, as we often see with cold fronts in the summer, if it doesnt get through before dark, it will likely not mix down until nest morning, and because we may rain overnight into Thu morning, may not see the drier air mix down until later in the day, so, while it ill not be as hot but itll still be humid. The good news is, we should see the effect of that cold front by Thu night with clearing and lower humidity, with mins in the mid 50s in the mtns to 60 to 65 in the S. Friday through the weekend will be dry and sunny. More comfortable RH are expected Fri with highs 75-80 in the mtns and low to mid 80s in the S and lows Sat morning in the mid 50s to low 60s. Sat and Sunday will be a few degrees warmer, with highs mostly in the 80, but will start to see the RH creep up a bit by Sunday. Monday looks dry and warm as well. && .AVIATION /03Z TUESDAY THROUGH SATURDAY/... Short Term...VFR conditions dominate tonight through Tuesday night outside of any FG, which could result in IFR to LIFR restrictions. The greatest potential for this will be at KHIE, KLEB, and KRKD. Scattered SHRA and TSRA are possible late tonight and again Tuesday afternoon and evening with locally strong winds and +RA the primary threats. No LLWS is expected outside of any TSRA. Long Term...Some valley fog possible lingering into Wed morning, but should return to VFR through the rest of the day. Sct TSRA will develop inland during the afternoon as a front approaches and move through Wed night. This is the best to see several hours or more of flight restrictions as fog settles in behind any rain that does fall. Flight restrictions could linger into Thu morning, but should see improvement to VFR during the afternoon. Thu night through the weekend will be mainly VFR, the only exception being late night valley fog. && .MARINE... Short Term...South-southwesterly winds will persist through Tuesday night. Although winds will primarily remain below 25 kts, a few gusts to near 25 kts will be possible at times. Scattered showers and storms will remain possible, some of which will contain locally stronger winds. Seas will be at 2-4 ft, highest outside of the bays. Marine fog will be possible at times. Long Term...Generally winds/seas stay below SCA levels through the coming week, but could approach SCA gusts/seas Wed night into early Thu. && .GYX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... ME...Heat Advisory from noon to 8 PM EDT Tuesday for MEZ012-018>024- 033. NH...Heat Advisory from noon to 8 PM EDT Tuesday for NHZ004-006- 008>015. MARINE...None. && $$ SYNOPSIS...Tubbs NEAR TERM...Schroeter/Tubbs SHORT TERM...Tubbs LONG TERM...Cempa
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Indianapolis IN
1007 PM EDT Mon Jul 15 2024 .KEY MESSAGES... - Thunderstorms with damaging wind potential late this evening and tonight - Flash flooding possible across portions of the area tonight through tomorrow - Pleasant weather with cooler temperatures and lower humidity Thursday into the weekend && .FORECAST UPDATE... Issued at 1007 PM EDT Mon Jul 15 2024 A severe QLCS across northern and central Illinois continues to march east southeast this evening. The environment ahead of the storms remains very unstable, with MLCAPEs of 4000-5000 J/kg. The storms in central Illinois appear to be moving southeast along the old boundary that was seen on visible satellite earlier this afternoon. Given that track and current speed puts the storms in far western/northwestern central Indiana between 11pm and midnight. Given the available instability, even with some diurnal weakening there will be plenty left for the storms to feed on. The question remains on whether the cold pool from the storms will race out ahead of the line enough to weaken them. HRRR/WoFS both show the storms remaining well defined as they enter the forecast area, but both show some weakening as they move deeper into central Indiana. Will watch closely, but still feel that damaging winds remain a decent threat across the northern forecast area into the overnight hours. (Note that the storms are moving faster than the latest HRRR runs.) Heavy rain will also remain a threat tonight as the low level jet may cause additional storms to train on the western side of the line overnight. Thus, for now, overall thinking of severe threat and flooding threat remains relatively unchanged. Tweaked PoPs based on latest radar and model trends. Also made some minor changes to temperatures given the expected rain cooled air behind the line. && .SHORT TERM (This evening through Tuesday)... Issued at 207 PM EDT Mon Jul 15 2024 An active convective period continues with challenges regarding thunderstorm timing and intensity, inherent to uncertainty with mesoscale details. It appears that thunderstorm formation this afternoon will be limited or non-existent across central Indiana, and a round of thunderstorms will arrive late this evening with damaging wind potential into the night. We are also concerned about flash flooding potential tonight through part of tomorrow. See meteorological analysis for more details. On the synoptic scale, we remain on the southern periphery of midlevel westerly flow. Perturbations within the flow are likely significantly augmented by diurnal convective blow-ups. Modeling of this process requires mesoscale precision in the initial conditions that isn`t always possible, and can spiral into chaos quickly. This is the reason for the diversity we`re seeing among the CAMs with regards to placement and timing of convection. It is important not to focus on any one specific model in this pattern. Our three main concerns as far as weather impacts are: 1. Dangerous heat 2. Severe thunderstorms with damaging wind 3. Flash flooding In regards to the near-term heat, through early evening temperatures and dew points will be high enough to meet traditional Heat Advisory criteria (105F heat index) across portions of central Indiana. In the latest ACARS vapor sounding and short term model guidance, it appears that moisture depth is sufficient to preclude mixing of drier air and meaningful fall dew points through the diurnal peak. Southwesterly breeze and some cloud cover from diurnal cumulus are components that will keep the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature risk category contained slightly, though still "high". Thunderstorm development today should be isolated at most given residual subsidence-enhanced capping. Evidence of this can be seen in laminar flat look to cumulus field in visible satellite imagery all the way back into Illinois. Water vapor channel imagery shows core of the subsidence moving east early this afternoon. It`s possible the stronger capping may exit before peak diurnal period sufficient for a few convective cells, especially near any residual mesoscale boundaries, but this is low probability. Upstream over Iowa and closer to the influence of a weak midlevel impulse, diurnal convection will develop later this afternoon. Given the magnitude of instability, thunderstorms should become quite robust. This will occur at the southern periphery of stronger westerlies aloft and sufficient shear values for a forward- propagating MCS to evolve. The downstream environment would favor approximately 30-40 mph east-southeasterly system motion. Moderate shear would probably support trailing stratiform rain quickly evolving and enhancing the cold pool, perhaps more than modeled. Thus, confidence in an MCS impacting a good portion of central Indiana late this evening and overnight is fairly high. Wind damage is the primary threat and there is at least a low chance of significant wind damage, especially earlier in the night before it begins to outpace the better parameter space. Northwest portions of central Indiana, including Newport, Lafayette, Crawfordsville, and Kokomo have the highest potential for wind damage, tapering somewhat with southeastward extent into the Indy metro and eastward later in the night. Flash flood concerns today and tonight are multi-faceted. Given recent rainfall (1-2 inches and locally higher over the past 72 hours) even a quick-moving forward-propagating MCS with limited duration of heavy rates could have some flash flood concern. These systems tend to be quite efficient rainfall producers in a short amount of time, and could easily exceed latest RFC 1-hour flash flood guidance of around 1.50 inches across the northern third of central Indiana. This would yield marginal/low-end flooding or flash flooding, most likely. Of greater concern is a relatively low probability scenario later tonight on the western flank of MCS cold pool, and how it interacts with the low level jet. It appears back-building and training are possible across a focused area that is difficult to pin down at this time. Warm cloud depth is seasonally large with model indications of rich moisture in this layer. In fact, overall precipitation efficiency may be enhanced by an east-west band of mid-upper level moisture. Uncertainties remain on where a mesoscale convective flash flooding scenario could potentially evolve, but the potential magnitude despite spatial coverage combined with aforementioned more widespread low-end threat justifies a Flood Watch. Uncertainties grow further tomorrow on the severe and flooding potential. This will largely depend on where the remnant MCS cold pool resides during the afternoon once diurnal destabilization occurs. The synoptic front will still be lagging to the northwest so another active convective day seems likely, largely driven by mesoscale details that we can`t resolve with precision at this time. There may be an ongoing flood/flash flood threat early with residual convection, given indications of modest instability remaining and the aforementioned reasons for potentially locally heavy rainfall amounts. In addition to flooding, moderate instability developing later in the day but with marginal deep layer shear should mean sporadic damaging wind potential from loosely organized multicell clusters is the main severe threat. Again, this is conditional on mesoscale details, as one plausible scenario would hold this threat primarily to our south. There is some potential for dangerous heat across far southern portions of our forecast area tomorrow. We will not issue a Heat Advisory at this time due to uncertainties on how far south the cold pool from overnight convection will be, residual midlevel clouds, and potential ongoing convection or development before peak heating. Will reevaluate tonight and early tomorrow based on trends with convection. && .LONG TERM (Tuesday night through Monday)... Issued at 207 PM EDT Mon Jul 15 2024 Wednesday, it appears that the synoptic front will be across our south or just south of the area. We`ll continue low probabilities but confine them a little further south than the previous forecast. Drier/cooler continental air mass will lag some until the amplifying synoptic trough axis moves through late Wednesday. The air mass change will be most noticeable Thursday continuing into the weekend before gradually modifying Sunday into early next week. Moisture returns then, but the synoptic flow pattern is rather quiescent. Organized precipitation appears unlikely but we may enter a scenario next week with diurnal isolated to scattered convection daily. After a period of 5-10F negative temperature anomalies relative to mid- July climo, temperatures should return to near climo next week. For the day 8-14 day period there`s not a strong signal of above or below average precipitation or temperatures at this time. && .AVIATION (00Z TAF Issuance)... Issued at 749 PM EDT Mon Jul 15 2024 Impacts: - Line of weakening thunderstorms moving through overnight from northwest to southeast. MVFR or worse possible in this. - Nonzero chance of MVFR ceilings Tuesday morning - Southerly wind gusts to around 20kts Tuesday Discussion: Current convection should remain south and east of the TAF sites. Focus then turns to a thunderstorm complex that will move in after 04Z. Unfortunately questions still remain in specific timing and how long it will survive southeast. For now, added a TEMPO group to KLAF/KIND, with highest confidence in this TEMPO for KLAF. Strong winds are possible in these storms along with MVFR and worse conditions. After the storms exit, some light showers may linger with a lower potential for MVFR ceilings. Additional storms could develop Tuesday afternoon. && .IND WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... Flood Watch through Tuesday afternoon for INZ021-028>031-035>049- 051>057. Flood Watch from 8 AM EDT Tuesday through late Tuesday night for INZ060>065-067>072. && $$ UPDATE...50 SHORT TERM...BRB/Ryan LONG TERM...BRB AVIATION...50
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Morristown TN
903 PM EDT Mon Jul 15 2024 ...New UPDATE... .UPDATE... Issued at 900 PM EDT Mon Jul 15 2024 |Late afternoon and early evening storms have ended. Expect partly cloudy skies south and mostly clear north with patchy fog forming late. Temperatures this evening are in the mid 80s to around 90 and should cool slowly into the mid 60s northeast to mid 70s southwest which will not change for morning lows in the update. Change is to remove showers and storms except a few in eastern mountains another hour or so. Tuesdays weather looks similar to todays with isolated to widely scattered showers storms mid afternoon to early evening in southern areas. Updated forecast sent. && .SHORT TERM... (This evening through Tuesday) Issued at 306 PM EDT Mon Jul 15 2024 Key Messages: 1. Isolated convection again on Tuesday with main coverage across the south. 2. Continued hot temperatures with mostly dry conditions in the short term. Discussion: Mesoanalysis is showing some areas of around 2000 J/Kg MLCAPE this afternoon with isolated convection along the higher elevations, mainly across western higher elevations of the Cumberland Plateau and Clinch Mountains. Some gusty winds could be expected with the stronger storms, but severe weather is unlikely. Areas that do receive rain will have some patchy fog overnight into Tuesday morning - such as the Sequatchie Valley. The weak upper level trough/col will shift southeast on Tuesday with weak southwesterly flow across far southeast Tennessee and southwest North Carolina. Northwest flow and increased subsidence will limit convection across the northern zones of our forecast area with slight chance/chance PoPs across southern/southeastern counties. MLCAPE will be near 2000 J/Kg according to RAP forecast soundings with some dry air in the boundary layer keeping LFC heights relatively high and providing a risk of localized winds with the strongest pulse convection. Overall, the severe wind risk is very low. && .LONG TERM... (Tuesday night through next Monday) Issued at 306 PM EDT Mon Jul 15 2024 Key Messages: 1. Excessive heat is expected to die down with the passing of a front and falling of pressure heights throughout the atmosphere. 2. The frontal passage will bring widespread storms across the area Wednesday into Thursday. Higher than normal moisture may lead to scattered showers for the remainder of the period. Tuesday Night through Thursday Night The period begins with the continuance of a ridging pattern for our region, with a high pressure center located off the Atlantic Coast. The shortwave trough to our southwest has been cut off and seems to be drifting as a low pressure center further south throughout the period. Ridging is ended by a frontal passage and a return to a troughing pattern by Thursday. The timing of the frontal passage is uncertain, but it seems to move into the area by Thursday night. The ECMWF brings the front through our area quicker and a tad further south than the GFS. Surface temperatures are expected to exceed 90 degrees once again on Wednesday, with heat indices likely to exceed 100 degrees due to increased humidity. The frontal passage is proceeded by a stark rise in PWATs, with values around 1.9 inches. The majority of our region is under the WPC marginal risk for excessive rainfall due to the higher than average moisture. Wind profiles signal the potential for training convection which could lead to some higher rainfall amounts in areas. Overall, MLCAPE values will be near or below 1000 J/kg for much of the region, with the some localized higher values. Deep layer shear is unimpressive ahead of the front but rises with its passage, potentially leading to higher rainfall amounts on Thursday. With this event, the potential of flooding is in question, however we can expect the ongoing lack of precipitation to lower that potential. The main risk of these storms is going to be locally strong wind gusts. Friday through Monday We can expect the frontal boundary to linger over the area for the remainder of our period after its initial passing. The GFS and ECMWF signal a drop in pressure heights following the frontal passage, which could lead to a break from the excessive heat. While temperatures are likely to lower, PWATS remain unseasonably high, which will allow weak instability to persist. Precipitation is likely during this period and will be mostly diurnally driven and not unlike most summertime convection. The southeastern ridge strengthens towards the end of our period, however moisture remains quite high for the time of year. && .AVIATION... (00Z TAFS) Issued at 726 PM EDT Mon Jul 15 2024 VFR conditions should continue through the next 24 hours with light winds. TSTMS vicinity of CHA and TYS until sunset tonight or 01Z, then rapid dissipation of showers and storms with low chances Tuesday afternoon between 18Z and 00Z. Prob30 for TSTMS are in afternoon forecast from south to north at all 3 sites at that time. && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... Chattanooga Airport, TN 74 96 76 95 / 20 40 20 80 Knoxville McGhee Tyson Airport, TN 73 96 75 93 / 10 30 30 80 Oak Ridge, TN 72 95 74 93 / 10 20 30 80 Tri Cities Airport, TN 68 93 72 91 / 10 30 30 80 && .MRX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... NC...NONE. TN...NONE. VA...NONE. && $$ SHORT TERM...TD LONG TERM....BW AVIATION...TD
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Omaha/Valley NE
1046 PM CDT Mon Jul 15 2024 .KEY MESSAGES... - Dangerous heat continues this afternoon, with heat index readings of 100 to 110+ degrees. - 20-40% chance of storms this afternoon and evening, with a 5 to 15% chance of severe storms. Highest chances near and east of the Missouri River through 9 PM. Primary threats are damaging winds and hail. - Additional strong to severe storms possible Tuesday afternoon and evening, especially in northeast Nebraska (30-50% chance of storms, 10-20% chance of severe storms). Questions remain on exact timing, but hail and damaging winds are the primary threats. - An extended stretch of cooler-than-average temperatures will carry us into the weekend, with chances for widespread rain increasing into next week. && .DISCUSSION... Issued at 304 PM CDT Mon Jul 15 2024 Early afternoon analysis showed a surface trough pushing southeast through roughly the Omaha and Lincoln areas as of 3 PM with a surface cold front lagging behind in northeast NE. As the front continues to push southeast, expect some storm development along it, especially as you go east into IA where the primary shortwave energy will be tracking. Farther west and in our forecast area, things are a little more uncertain, with less influence from the aforementioned shortwave meaning we`ll largely have to rely on daytime heating and the relatively weak convergence along the front. In addition, model soundings do reveal a cap that will need to be overcome, but latest RAP soundings continue to indicate it largely erodes just as the front pushes into the Omaha area. If this pans out, expect at least one or two spotty storms along the front possibly extending into eastern NE. And while most CAMs suggest everything remains east, they tend to struggle in the more weakly forced environments like we`ll see, so tend to think something like the 15.12Z NAM 3km will be close to what we see. If something does go, there will be plenty of instability to work with, with HREF mean MUCAPE in the 4000 to 5000 J/kg range. Combined with deep layer shear around 30-40 kts, there would be potential for organized severe weather. The main threats would be damaging winds and large hail with weak low level shear limiting the tornado threat. That said, can`t completely rule out a brief spinup tornado with a boundary in the area. So bottom line, there`s about a 20-40% chance we see a storm or two in our area, with a 5-15% chance of severe weather. Highest chances will be within a county`s width of the Omaha metro and points south and east in roughly the 4 PM to 9 PM window. Heading into Tuesday, we`ll finally see relief from the heat as the front will have pushed well to our south. Still expect highs in the mid to upper 80s, but it won`t be anywhere near the triple digit heat indices we saw in previous days. Latest short term guidance has also trended up a tick in severe weather potential for Tuesday afternoon/evening as another surface boundary pushes south through the area. Ahead of the front, guidance suggests a decent, but narrow plume of instability extends into northeast NE with deep layer shear once again in the 30-40 kt range in vicinity of the boundary. As a result, guidance is in fairly good agreement of a line of storms developing near the NE/SD border, pushing southeast through the area, and gradually weakening as they run out of instability in southeast NE. Still some spread on exact timing of the boundary and just how far southeast the severe weather threat will extend, but seems like a day where we`d have a hail threat as storms develop and then transition into a damaging wind threat as storms congeal into a line. Beyond Tuesday, expect a rather nice work week under northwesterly flow aloft as surface high pressure dominates. Can`t completely rule out a few stray showers at times with some hints at some weak shortwave energy rippling through the flow at times, but we should largely be dry through at least Thursday and possibly much of Friday. The next more widespread storm chances look to arrive by Friday evening with guidance in pretty good agreement a surface boundary and stronger shortwave trough slide into the area as surface high pressure pushes east. These chances also look to linger off and on through the weekend. Otherwise, expect high temperatures in the upper 70s to mid 80s and lows in the upper 50s to mid 60s. Enjoy! && .AVIATION /06Z TAFS THROUGH 06Z WEDNESDAY/... Issued at 1044 PM CDT Mon Jul 15 2024 VFR conditions through the TAF period with northerly winds less than 8 knots. There could be some showers in the vicinity KOFK/KLNK 11-16z, but not confident it will reach KOMA at this time. And then there could be thunderstorms late in the TAF period after 00z, but too far to include a mention with this forecast package. && .OAX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... NE...None. IA...None. && $$ DISCUSSION...CA AVIATION...DeWald
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Paducah KY
648 PM CDT Mon Jul 15 2024 .KEY MESSAGES... - A Heat Advisory remains in effect until Tuesday evening as peak heat index values between 105-110 degrees are expected. - Unsettled weather returns on Tuesday as a cold front slowly moves towards the region. The greatest risk is from late Tuesday into Wednesday when multiple rounds of showers and thunderstorms are possible. A Flood Watch is now in effect Tuesday evening into Wednesday morning across portions of southern Illinois and southwest Indiana. - High pressure will provide relief from the heat and humidity beginning Thursday through Sunday. && .UPDATE... Issued at 646 PM CDT Mon Jul 15 2024 Updated aviation discussion for 00Z TAFs. && .DISCUSSION... Issued at 328 PM CDT Mon Jul 15 2024 The heat and humidity remains the primary concern in the short term as dewpoints once again are running above model guidance in the mid 70s to near 80 degrees. This translates to a heat index between 105 to 110 degrees this afternoon and again on Tuesday. A Heat Advisory remains in effect until 01z Wednesday with maxTs progged in the low to mid 90s. Overnight minTs will also be a bit warm tonight in the mid 70s. Otherwise, scattered CU has once again developed this afternoon as a 500 mb ridge of high pressure remains located over the SW CONUS. A period of unsettled weather begins to arrive on Tuesday as a leading 500 mb shortwave downstream from a trough ejecting out of Canada provides forcing for ascent. The latest CAMs show a MCS developing south of the one that will move through the Chicago area later this evening. The general idea is for a decaying MCS to move towards the I-64 corridor early Tuesday morning, but forecast confidence is low on the spatial coverage of any pcpn. The parameters do not look terribly concerning should thunderstorms occur. Have limit PoPs to a 30-35% with blends of NBM and CONSShort given the uncertainty. One implication the morning convection will likely have is where a residual outflow boundary sets up, as this will be the main focus for the heavy rainfall potential Tuesday night. It is worth noting any convection during the day Tuesday could also provide some relief from the heat up north. Have leaned closer to the NBM 25th percentile due to the possibility of more cloud cover. As a cold front slowly sags southeast Tuesday evening, shower and thunderstorm coverage becomes more likely from northwest to southeast as a baroclinic zone sets up. The RAP13 shows 3000-4000 J/kg of MLCAPE and limited effective bulk shear around 25 kts 00z Wednesday. Given a theta-e difference of 25 degrees and 0-3 km lapse rates around 7.0 C/km, there remains a marginal risk in SPCs D2 outlook for a few isolated gusty severe storms capable of producing downburst across northern portions of the CWA late Tuesday afternoon into Tuesday evening. However, instability quickly wanes with the loss of diurnal heating as a transition to a heavy rain risk remains the main concern Tuesday night. The 12z HREF PMM and latest 18z HRRR both show locally up to 2-4+ inches setting up right along the I-64 corridor across portions of southern Illinois and southwest Indiana where training convection is becoming probable. There are still some model differences in the exact placement as the aformentioned outflow boundary will play a big role, but overall confidence is increasing in the potential for heavy rainfall to occur across portions of the FA. PWATs remain progged around 2.00 inches with a light LCL-EL cloud layer mean wind around 15 kts south of the boundary. This favors the potential for multiple thunderstorms that will be capable of producing torrential downpours. For this reason, have gone ahead and issued a Flood Watch from 00z Tuesday evening until 12z Wednesday morning. Across the rest of the FA, up to 1-2 inches of rainfall remains possible as additional rounds of showers and thunderstorms push south Wednesday into Wednesday night. By Thursday morning, the cold front will eventually push south of the FA, allowing for dry air to filter in across the FA from the northeast as sfc high pressure builds into the lower Ohio Valley. MaxTs are progged only in the low 80s by the NBM Thursday and Friday with minTs ranging from the upper 50s to lower 60s Thursday night. Dewpoints around 60 degrees will certainly make this airmass quite refreshing! Temps do gradually moderate over the weekend as a 500 mb trough digs across the central Plains, but look to still remain slightly below normal. As a disturbance approaches from the south, daily shower and storm chances gradually increase by Sunday as the following week looks to start off a bit more unsettled. && .AVIATION /00Z TAFS THROUGH 00Z WEDNESDAY/... Issued at 646 PM CDT Mon Jul 15 2024 VFR conditions are anticipated through much of Tuesday. Remnants of overnight convection to the north of the area will pose the potential for scattered showers and thunderstorms across northern reaches of the area late tonight into Tuesday morning, impacting mainly KMVN and KEVV. Scattered thunderstorm development is also possible late Tuesday afternoon into Tuesday evening across the entire region. Southwest winds 5 to 8 knots will increase to 10 knots by late morning and afternoon on Tuesday. Some gusts to 15 knots are also expected. && .PAH WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... IL...Heat Advisory until 8 PM CDT Tuesday for ILZ075>078-080>094. Flood Watch from Tuesday evening through Wednesday morning for ILZ075>078-081>083. MO...Heat Advisory until 8 PM CDT Tuesday for MOZ076-086-087-100- 107>112-114. IN...Heat Advisory until 8 PM CDT /9 PM EDT/ Tuesday for INZ081-082- 085>088. Flood Watch from Tuesday evening through Wednesday morning for INZ081-082-085>088. KY...Heat Advisory until 8 PM CDT Tuesday for KYZ001>022. && $$ UPDATE...RJP DISCUSSION...DW AVIATION...RJP
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Topeka KS...CORRECTION
629 PM CDT Mon Jul 15 2024 .KEY MESSAGES... - Hot conditions continue into this evening with heat indices of 105-110 degrees. A Heat Advisory remains in effect through 8PM. - Storm chances (20-30%) increase tonight into Tuesday morning including the potential for a few strong to severe storms. - Additional storms, some strong to severe, could impact the area Tuesday evening and night. - Much cooler Wednesday into the weekend with highs in the 80s. && .DISCUSSION... Issued at 234 PM CDT Mon Jul 15 2024 The persistent upper ridge across the Desert Southwest has built slightly eastward through the day with several waves noted rounding the apex of the ridge. The 12z TOP sounding showed 850mb temperatures near 27 degrees C with a subtle increase of a degree or two through the day. This results in another very hot and humid day with heat indices in the 100-110 degree range. The Heat Advisory remains in effect through 8PM this evening. A surface cold front/trough currently draped from Wisconsin into northwest Kansas will be shunted south this evening and overnight by a perturbation rounding the ridge. Ascent along the boundary and from the passing wave is expected to be sufficient for at least scattered convective development, although CAMs vary on the coverage of storms. The HRRR depicts the most widespread coverage of precipitation while others show little to no convection. Effective shear of 20-25kts along with plentiful elevated instability would support some strong to severe storms capable of producing damaging wind gusts and large hail. Any storms exit the area by mid-morning Tuesday. A cooler airmass will be in place Tuesday behind the front with 850mb temperatures cooling to 22-24 degrees C. However, dewpoints remain in the upper 60s to mid 70s, creating another hot, but not as oppressive, day. Heat index values will reach the upper 90s to near 100 degrees along and south of Interstate 70 during the afternoon. Convection could develop along and north of the first cold front that stalls across southeast Kansas as CIN erodes during the afternoon. Inverted-V soundings would support a damaging wind gust threat with these storms, although confidence in development is low. Better chances for storms (30-50%) come Tuesday evening and overnight as a secondary cold front and shortwave swing through the area. These storms could be strong to severe with models showing elongated and straight hodographs combined with MUCAPE of 1000-2000 J/kg. Large hail and damaging wind gusts are the main hazards with these storms. PWATs around 2" could lead to locally heavy rainfall as well. A drier and cooler Canadian airmass builds in for Wednesday, bringing welcome relief from the heat with highs in the 80s and low in the 60s through the weekend. Precipitation chances increase this weekend as an upper trough dives south across the central CONUS. && .AVIATION /00Z TAFS THROUGH 00Z WEDNESDAY/... Issued at 630 PM CDT Mon Jul 15 2024 VFR conditions to prevail through most of the overnight hour. Slow moving cold front to push through the area tonight. An upper level disturbance and surface low pressure will move east tonight. Associated thunderstorms will likely accompany the surface low through the overnight hours. Expect impact at the terminals with -TSRA by 09Z through 12Z. && .TOP WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... Heat Advisory until 8 PM CDT this evening for KSZ008-KSZ009- KSZ010-KSZ011-KSZ012-KSZ020-KSZ021-KSZ022-KSZ023-KSZ024-KSZ026- KSZ034-KSZ035-KSZ036-KSZ037-KSZ038-KSZ039-KSZ040-KSZ054-KSZ055- KSZ056-KSZ058-KSZ059. && $$ DISCUSSION...Flanagan AVIATION...Byrne