Forecast Discussions mentioning any of "HRRR" "RAP" "RUC13" "RUC" "RR" received at GSD on 07/11/24


Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Bismarck ND
942 PM CDT Wed Jul 10 2024 .KEY MESSAGES... - Smoky skies are expected to continue through the night before clearing out on Thursday. - Hot and humid conditions are expected Thursday through Sunday, with highs mostly in the upper 80s to upper 90s. - Low to medium chances (20 to 40%) for showers and thunderstorms are in the forecast each night starting Thursday night and continuing through the weekend. && .UPDATE... Issued at 940 PM CDT Wed Jul 10 2024 The main change made with this update was bumping up sky coverage for the smoke that has been filtering in from the north. While not at the surface, it did add a bit of a haze to the sky, and will linger around until the morning hours on Thursday. Apart from that, just blended in the current observations to the forecast. .UPDATE... Issued at 622 PM CDT Wed Jul 10 2024 Minimal changes were made to the forecast for this update. Broad surface high pressure continues to sit across much of North Dakota, keeping skies generally clear and winds relatively light. Just slightly tweaked cloud coverage to account for diurnal cumulus in the west. Otherwise, the forecast remains on track. && .DISCUSSION... Issued at 325 PM CDT Wed Jul 10 2024 This afternoon, the synoptic pattern was characterized by troughing over the Great Lakes Region, while a stationary heat dome was placed across the Desert Southwest. North of this, a shallow ridge was moving over the Northern Rockies, with sharp northerly flow in place across the Dakotas. Broad high pressure was centered over the region, with relatively light surface winds. Although cloud cover is very limited, GOES GeoColor satellite imagery shows continued smoke aloft across central and eastern North Dakota, so we do have slightly increased cloud cover in these areas to account for not quite full sunshine. Expect a hazy sunset tonight with quiet weather through the night, and forecast lows in the 60s. Flow aloft turns a bit more northwesterly on Thursday downstream of the shallow ridge, with a stout low-level thermal ridge beginning to build into the region. Forecast highs range from the upper 80s from the Turtle Mountains to the James River Valley, to the mid and perhaps upper 90s in the southwest. Southerly low-level flow will also advect in a higher moisture air mass, with dew points in the lower 60s across the north and central. Chances for precipitation (20-40%) return late Thursday afternoon to the northwest, expanding into much of central North Dakota overnight, as an upper level shortwave moves through. Shear and instability both look marginal, so for right now expecting showers and non-severe thunderstorms through Thursday night, although we wouldn`t be surprised if a storm or two ended up on the stronger side. With flow aloft turning more zonal, HRRR and RAP forecast smoke models agree on the bulk of smoke aloft moving out of the area by later on Thursday. There is some uncertainty on the expanse of near- surface smoke, with model guidance showing low but still- present concentrations through the day Thursday due to the low- level return flow. For now will keep out of the gridded forecast but can`t rule out slightly reduced visibilities, especially in our far eastern counties. A similar pattern is expected through the weekend, with hot, humid conditions across the area and 20-40% chances for showers and thunderstorms in the evening and overnight hours. The highest chances are mainly across northern and eastern parts of the state. Machine learning probabilities are low but persistent every day, with deterministic guidance already advertising moderate to high instability, although bulk shear is generally on the marginal side. Highs through Sunday will mainly be in the upper 80s to upper 90s across the area, with a low (around 20%) chance of highs exceeding 100 degrees F in southwest North Dakota, focused in the Bowman and Hettinger areas. Forecast heat indices are staying below advisory criteria, although are beginning to get close in LaMoure and Dickey Counties on Saturday. There is relatively high confidence in temperatures cooling down some next work week, but the question is how cool. The placement of the ridge axis across the Northern Rockies, as well as the location of the downstream trough, will determine how warm temperatures stay. Cluster analysis reveals ensemble members are split about 60/40, with the slight favoring towards the trough axis extending back to the Minnesota/Wisconsin area which would bring lower heights and cooler temperatures to North Dakota. 40 percent of ensemble members have the trough further away, higher heights, and subsequent warmer temperatures across the area. If the cooler solution verifies, some locations could see highs return to the upper 70s by the middle of the work week. Overall, the general expectation is for highs to remain mainly in the 80s through the work week, so much more seasonable compared to the upcoming weekend. Blended precipitation chances stay generally in the 15 to 30 percent range through midweek. && .AVIATION /00Z TAFS THROUGH 00Z THURSDAY/... Issued at 622 PM CDT Wed Jul 10 2024 VFR conditions are present across all terminals and will prevail through the TAF period. Smoky skies continue across the area, but confidence remains too low in this smoke reaching the surface overnight. Generally light southerly winds will prevail, potentially becoming a bit gusty at KDIK and KMOT overnight and into tomorrow morning, with gusts up to around 20 kts. && .BIS WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... None. && $$ UPDATE...Besson DISCUSSION...Jones AVIATION...Besson
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Dodge City KS
1101 PM CDT Wed Jul 10 2024 .KEY MESSAGES... - Quiet tonight with only at 15% chance of storms across central Kansas - Mid to upper 90s Thursday and Friday - Still looking like a hot weekend && .DISCUSSION... Issued at 200 PM CDT Wed Jul 10 2024 The weather for 95% of the FA should be quiet tonight. There is a very small concern of some very isolated storms developing across central Kansas tonight. Confidence on this happening is very low. The 3 km NAM depicts this possibility, however, grand ensemble (GE) probabilities of >0.01" are only 10 to 30%. Would not be surprised if nothing happens at all. The HRRR is pretty quiet for tonight. Regardless, much of the FA should see quiet weather for the rest of the afternoon and evening. Lows tonight will be mainly in the 60s. The heat will be on Thursday and Friday. Expect highs in the mid to upper 90s. This matches well with GE probabilities of 90 to 100% of >90F temps both days. The bottom line is that a 500 hPa anticyclone will move from the Desert Southwest over to the Great Basin during this period. This mid level high will continue to move east and should be located over the spine of the Rockies through the weekend. This high pressure center is strong at 597 to 599 dm. This supports hot highs continue through much of the period. Low 100s cannot be ruled out, particularly on Sunday as the mid level ridge prevails closer to the state. This matches some with EPS probabilities of 40 to 60% of highs >100F Sunday. It has been noted this ensemble approach sometimes runs cool. Unfortunately, storm chances look doubtful as this high prevails. && .AVIATION /06Z TAFS THROUGH 06Z FRIDAY/... Issued at 1100 PM CDT Wed Jul 10 2024 VFR conditions will prevail in vicinity of all TAF sites through late Thursday afternoon. Light and variable winds through late Thursday morning are expected to turn east-southeasterly 5 to 15kt in the afternoon as lee side troughing develops in eastern Colorado. && .DDC WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... None. && $$ DISCUSSION...Sugden AVIATION...JJohnson
Forecast Discussion at weather.gov/mqt.

&& .HYDROLOGY... Issued at 330 AM CDT Wed Jul 10 2024 A Flood Advisory continues across portions of the Rainy River Basin, extending as far east as Lac La Croix and as far west as the Rainy Lake outlet. This advisory remains in effect through Friday, but as levels in waterways further east crest, it may be trimmed in its areal extent prior to expiring. However, for areas further west, the Advisory may need to be extended in time. Lingering high water from rains in June continue across the Rainy River Basin. The Vermilion River continues to fall. This has allowed the lake level increases on Crane Lake to slow considerably, with lake levels having flattened out in the last 12 hours, likely having reached its crest. Lac La Croix levels are cresting and should begin to slowly recede through this week. All this high water continues to lead to steady rises on downstream lakes, notably Namakan/Kabetogama (Nam/Kab) lakes where minor flooding continues, and on Rainy Lake where levels have just exceed the rule curve. Past events have shown there is a lag between the crest at Lac La Croix and the crest on Namakan lake of anywhere from 3 to 10 days (the longer coming from events when rain fell around peak waters). As water levels upstream crest and begin to come down, rates of rise on Nam/Kab should begin to slow and eventually crest, possibly by late this week or this weekend. Rates of rise have slowed to 1-1.5"/day over the weekend and in the last 24 hours there was only about a 0.5" rise on Kabetogama/Namakan as inflows are decreasing. Until peak, another 2.5-7 inches of rise could be possible (estimate, not an official forecast), with the high end of that range probably being a worst case scenario. This could bring Nam/Kab just over 1120 feet with a peak level somewhat similar to the high water during the summer of 2014. This is still 2 feet or more below the high water levels of Spring 2022 - we are nowhere close to that level of flooding and extreme rises to that point are currently not expected. As is usual for this basin, water will move slowly and recessions will happen at glacial speeds with some flavor of high water possibly continuing through the month. However, peak should happen sooner rather than later, based on latest observations. Additional rainfall may cause brief rises in tributaries and extend the period of high water in core lakes. Boaters should expect high water, potentially hidden underwater hazards (including submerged docks), and strong currents in constricted areas. Generally light winds are expected, except for possible brief erratic gusts out of thunderstorms, so wave heights should remain fairly minimal. && .DLH WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... MN...Beach Hazards Statement until 10 PM CDT this evening for MNZ037. WI...Beach Hazards Statement until 10 PM CDT this evening for WIZ001. MARINE...None. && $$ DISCUSSION...Britt AVIATION...Unruh MARINE...Britt HYDROLOGY...Rothstein
Area Forecast Discussion...Updated
National Weather Service Lincoln IL
842 PM CDT Wed Jul 10 2024 .KEY MESSAGES... - Scattered showers and thunderstorms are expected into Friday. Locally heavy rain will be the main concern. - Trends continue to point toward heat and humidity building early next week, with the heat index above 100 degrees as early as Sunday. && .UPDATE... Issued at 841 PM CDT Wed Jul 10 2024 Scattered showers and thunderstorms continue along the I-74 corridor this evening while more isolated activity is in place further south. A number of outflow boundaries have surged well ahead of storms in the area which along with loss of daytime heating should allow convection to diminish in coverage over the next few hours. Will maintain some isolated mention of precip for portions of central Illinois overnight as an upper low currently over Iowa digs slowly southeast tonight. Deubelbeiss && .SHORT TERM... (Through Thursday) Issued at 252 PM CDT Wed Jul 10 2024 Latest water vapor imagery shows a compact upper low and associated trough across northern Iowa. Ahead of this, a band of showers and scattered storms has developed from near Mattoon into northern Illinois west of Rockford. This band appears to have initiated near a lingering surface boundary, with the NAM Nest handling it the best, keeping sporadic activity into the afternoon. With the Iowa activity, the ARW appeared to initiate it the best, though several of the high-res models show a general increase in activity as the wave gets closer to Illinois. PoP`s have been increased into the 40-50% range into early evening over the northern half of the forecast area, though the latest HRRR and FV3 suggest decent chances continuing as late as midnight. While parameters for any severe weather in our area are meager, an increase in precipitable water values to around 1.5 inches early this evening point toward locally heavy rain with the stronger storms, currently favored north of I-74. The upper trough will not be in any hurry to exit, so a repeat of pop-up showers/storms is expected Thursday, especially afternoon. Geelhart .LONG TERM... (Friday through Next Wednesday) Issued at 252 PM CDT Wed Jul 10 2024 Upper level high pressure ridge, currently anchored across the Desert Southwest into Saskatchewan, will gradually build eastward through the weekend, though flattening a tad. By early next week, a large portion of the central and southern CONUS will be under its influence, with the main storm track along the Canadian border. A few more showers/storms will start the weekend with another wave scooting out ahead of the ridge, but main focus for convective activity will be with potential MCS activity along the periphery of the ridge. The GFS holds the ridge on a little longer with the storm track mainly north, while the European model settles a boundary closer to our area. At this range, will keep PoP`s in the 20-30% range while things shake out a little more. With the heat, WPC guidance continues to suggest a >40% chance of heat index values reaching 105 degrees (local heat advisory criteria) Monday and Tuesday. Much will depend on the aforementioned MCS activity and any residual cloud cover, but evapotranspiration season is in full swing and dew points well into the 70s may counter any suppressed temperatures. As it is, high temperatures in the 90-95 degree range are still expected Sunday through Tuesday. Geelhart && .AVIATION... (For the 00z TAFs through 00z Thursday Evening) Issued at 628 PM CDT Wed Jul 10 2024 Scattered thunderstorms are ongoing across central Illinois, but will begin to taper off in coverage mid to late this evening with dry conditions expected the remainder of the evening and overnight. Scattered storms will again be possible Thursday afternoon and evening. Light and variable winds will be in place most of the overnight hours, and will eventually set up out of the NE at less than 10 kt mid to late Thursday morning. Meanwhile, some patchy fog is possible Thursday morning, especially along the I-74 corridor. Deubelbeiss && .ILX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... None. && $$
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Chicago/Romeoville, IL
1055 PM CDT Wed Jul 10 2024 .KEY MESSAGES... - Scattered non-severe thunderstorms in the area this afternoon and again tomorrow afternoon. - Hot and humid conditions expected early next week. Heat indices may approach or exceed 100 degrees. - Periodic thunderstorm chances Saturday through mid next week, including the potential for a couple nocturnal/early AM t-storm complexes. && .UPDATE... Issued at 1043 PM CDT Wed Jul 10 2024 Updated PoPs through the evening into the overnight to account for the ongoing shower and storms coverage across north central and east central Illinois into far northwest Indiana. Lots of boundaries tracking across the region this evening brought widespread growing and decaying storm activity. Some of the heaviest storms produced heavy rainfall and gusty winds, however these have since diminished to widespread rainfall across the aforementioned area over the past couple of hours. Now seeing the breakdown of these boundaries throughout the region where shower activity cannot sustain and should continue to see the diminishing activity fade away. Starting to see some additional development across far northwestern Illinois into the Mississippi River Valley. This precipitation is anticipated to remain near the edge of our area, however models do not have the best handle on this development. Baker && .DISCUSSION... Issued at 339 PM CDT Wed Jul 10 2024 Through Thursday Night: Convection has sprouted this afternoon along a surface convergence axis extending from near Freeport, IL to near Danville, IL. Convective coverage should continue to increase heading into this evening as large-scale forcing for ascent increases with the approach of a mid-level disturbance currently twirling its way across southern Minnesota and into Iowa, with outflow boundaries also helping to kick-start new convection. A consistent signal in recent runs of both the HRRR and WoFS lends relatively high confidence in the convective footprint remaining maximized generally near and west of a Rockford, IL to Watseka, IL line, but radar and satellite observations suggest that at least isolated showers and possibly storms remain probable through this evening farther to the east. Mediocre mid-level lapse rates and deep layer shear should prevent any of today`s storms from becoming severe, and a warm nose near 600 mb will also likely play a role in curtailing overall thunderstorm coverage and longevity, particularly east of the aforementioned line. That being said, the strongest convective cores can still be expected to produce locally torrential rainfall, small hail, and gusty winds (possibly up to around 45-50 mph). With the relatively slow storm motions and presence of multiple surface boundaries, wouldn`t be entirely surprised if any favorable cell-boundary interactions led to an isolated funnel cloud or two being spotted somewhere -- though any actual touch-downs occurring would be highly unlikely. The same air mass will remain in place into tomorrow, and thus similar conditions to today can be expected. High temperatures will likely end up being in the low 80s/near 80F at most locations, though onshore flow should cause locations closer to the lakeshore to remain in the 70s. The aforementioned Minnesota/Iowa disturbance will likely be near or directly over our forecast area come tomorrow, and with similarly moist near- surface conditions remaining in place, isolated to scattered diurnal convection thus is likely to blossom once again. Current thinking is that convective coverage tomorrow may not be quite as widespread as it should be today, and it appears that it may end up focusing near and south of I-80, but the QPF spread in the latest suite of forecast guidance warrants carrying at least a slight chance PoP mention across our forecast area. Once again, lackluster mid-level lapse rates and deep layer shear should curtail a threat for severe weather, but we`ll have to keep an eye on the potential for localized minor flooding with the expectation that any storms that develop will be slow-moving, efficient rainfall producers. The likelihood of any hydrologic concerns arising would be greatest wherever the rainfall amounts from today and yesterday were highest. Also couldn`t rule out some additional funnel cloud funny business given the likelihood of a mid-level vorticity maximum gyrating directly over our CWA. Ogorek Friday through Wednesday: Friday will be primarily quiet and seasonably warm (mid 80s inland), except cooler (mid-upper 70s) near the lake. Following the exit of mid-upper level low pressure into the central and eastern Great Lakes, very dry air aloft and persistent mid- level height rises of 4 DaM/12 hour should effectively cap most of if not all diurnal convective development. With lingering higher dew points south of I-80 (upper 60s to around 70F), erosion of MLCINh and subtle convergence may be enough for widely isolated showers and maybe a thunderstorm, if any updrafts can survive pronounced dry air entrainment. Surface high pressure will remain over the area through Friday night, making for a quiet and seasonably mild night. The first potential episode of convection in the humid and at times stormy pattern expected this weekend through early next week may arrive Saturday morning in parts of the area, probably in a weakening state. This will occur in concert with a warm front lifting north and a large instability reservoir advancing eastward across the mid and upper MS Valley. Large scale forcing mechanisms will be lacking through the afternoon, though any convectively induced impulses, and convergence tied to lingering outflow and the northward advancing warm front may be enough for widely scattered afternoon pulse-type thunderstorms (30-40% PoPs). Highs on Saturday will be in the mid to upper 80s, except slightly cooler lower 80s along the Illinois shore due to lake influence backing winds east- southeasterly. Dew points in the upper 60s to lower 70s at peak heating will yield peak heat indices in the low-mid 90s, a harbinger of things to come Sunday through Tuesday. Expansive mid-upper 500s DAM 500 mb ridging centered over the inter-mountain west and mean troughing centered over Hudson Bay will set up a hot and humid northwest flow aloft locally in the Saturday night-Tuesday timeframe. Unlike previous occurrences this warm season of overnight arriving convection weakening quickly as instability diminishes, the impressive instability reservoir (3000-4000+ J/kg of MUCAPE) will largely remain in place through the period. This entails a period of "ring of fire" conditions, where our position on the northeast flank of the ridge puts us in the threat zone for southeastward moving convection, including potentially well-organized severe MCSs, and episodes of flash flooding due to PWATs up in the ~1.75-2" range at times (150-200% of normal). Aside from operational and ensemble members hinting at the likelihood of this type of activity, specific timing predictability in these types of patterns are commonly low confidence. This maxes out PoPs only in the chance (30-40% range) during windows of MCS favorability at this lead time. The first window may be Saturday night, prior to stronger deep layer shear being present, followed by Sunday night into early Monday when 40+ kt of deep layer bulk shear is forecast. Monday night into early Tuesday could end up being another window for parts of the area as well. Classic in these type of patterns, there will be many dry hours, and a relative daytime lull/capping Sunday and Monday PM will support highs in the lower to possibly mid 90s with dew points in the 70s yielding peak heat indices flirting with heat advisory (105+F) criteria. Tuesday afternoon will be similar thermally to Sunday and Monday, though perhaps less capped with a bit better chance of widely scattered PM thunderstorms as a weak cold front advances south. It`s unclear whether the appreciable instability axis will be shunted far enough south by Wednesday to limit another round of convection, especially south of I-80, as the cold front takes on back door characteristics. What is of higher confidence is an end to the hot and humid conditions, with forecast high temps on Wednesday in the low-mid 80s inland and upper 70s near Lake Michigan. Castro && .AVIATION /00Z TAFS THROUGH 06Z FRIDAY/... Issued at 650 PM CDT Wed Jul 10 2024 Forecast concerns include... Chance of showers this evening and again on Thursday. Possible fog overnight. Scattered thunderstorms are mainly focused across west and central IL early this evening and this looks to be the area where they will continue into the evening as they slowly weaken. Additional showers will be possible across northern Il along with possibly an isolated thunderstorm in the next hour or so as various outflow boundaries interact with each other. There will be another chance for showers and possibly isolated thunder on Thursday with better chances southwest of the terminals. Along with isolated coverage, confidence is too low to include any precip mention in this forecast. Fog is possible overnight into early Thursday morning and mainly south and west of the Chicago terminals. There may also be some mvfr or possibly ifr cigs across central IL, where the current rains are the heaviest. Overall confidence for fog is low and maintained mention at RFD and GYY. Trends will need to be monitored through the night. Wind directions have been problematic with the various outflow boundaries. Eventually, they should settle on a light southeast direction this evening or become light and variable. Winds may favor a more light north/northeast direction by daybreak and then remain northeasterly on Thursday. cms && .LOT WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... IL...None. IN...None. LM...None. && $$ Visit us at weather.gov/chicago
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Twin Cities/Chanhassen MN
647 PM CDT Wed Jul 10 2024 .KEY MESSAGES... - Scattered showers and thunderstorms will continue into this evening with locally heavy rain possible, particularly across southern Minnesota. - The second half of the work week will be mainly dry with hot and humid conditions arriving by the weekend, along with the return of thunderstorm chances. && .DISCUSSION... Issued at 146 PM CDT Wed Jul 10 2024 Scattered showers and thunderstorms have been ongoing much of the day across south central Minnesota. Anywhere from a quarter inch to near three quarters of an inch of rain has fallen where the more persistent rain continues to fall early this afternoon. Further north and west, afternoon convection is starting to take shape, much like the past two days. Isolated to scattered thunderstorms will once again last into the evening hours with locally heavy rain and gusty winds possible. STC reported a 44 MPH gust with the thunderstorm that moved through around 1:30pm, so winds of this caliber with other stronger storms will continue to be a threat. Overnight, high pressure moves overhead with clearing skies and light winds leading to patchy dense fog by Thursday morning. We will finally get a break from the daily precip chances Thursday through Friday with highs beginning to climb into the mid to upper 80s. This warming trend will continue into the weekend as the upper ridge over the western CONUS shifts east, with low level southerly flow sending ample Gulf moisture northward. Many locales will see their first 90 degree day of the year on Saturday with low to mid 90s expected area wide by Sunday. When coupled with dew points in the 70s, heat headlines may be needed with WBGT values in the mid 80s. With this heat and humidity comes ample instability, but with 850mb temps nearing 18-20C both days, it may be hard to overcome that cap. A series of shortwaves are expected to traverse the region Saturday and Sunday, but the stronger and more impressive wave of the weekend looks to arrive early Sunday. This would be the better of the two days for severe weather, but there is still plenty of uncertainty this far out. Heading into next week, hot and humid conditions will hang on through Monday before a cold front moves through and allows temperatures to fall back into the low 80s through the end of the period. && .AVIATION /00Z TAFS THROUGH 00Z FRIDAY/... Issued at 627 PM CDT Wed Jul 10 2024 The upper low that helped spark today`s storm is over northern Iowa and will work toward the Quad Cities through the night. This will finally bring to an end our daily diurnal shower activity. The only concern this period will be the potential for fog given the expected light winds and skies that will be clearing through the night. Fog will be most likely at locations that saw rain today, with the HRRR hitting MKT/RWF particularly hard. For the rest of Thursday, no concerns are expected as a diurnal cu field develops with winds gradually turning to the southwest at less than 10 kts. KMSP...Fog will be of the radiational variety that MSP almost never gets, so fog is not expected Thu morning for MSP. /OUTLOOK FOR KMSP/ FRI...VFR. Wind S 5-10 kts. SAT...VFR. Slight chc -TSRA. Wind S 5-10 kts. SUN...VFR. Slight chc -TSRA. Wind SW 5-10 kts. && .MPX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... MN...None. WI...None. && $$ DISCUSSION...Dye AVIATION...MPG
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Omaha/Valley NE
611 PM CDT Wed Jul 10 2024 .KEY MESSAGES... - A few storms may produce hail and gusty winds this afternoon into this evening. Best chances are in southeast Nebraska and southwest Iowa. - Most should remain dry through the weekend, but like many recent days, there could be some spotty showers and storms Thursday and Friday (5 to 10% chance). - Dangerous heat is expected for much of the area this weekend into Monday, with heat index readings of 100 to 110 degrees likely. Sunday and Monday will be the hottest days. && .DISCUSSION... Issued at 233 PM CDT Wed Jul 10 2024 Mostly clear skies are obscured in parts of southwestern Iowa with a shortwave helping to produce some agitated cumulus from Seward County, NE to Montgomery County, IA. The area has gone from an SPC category of "general thunder" to now "slight with hatched hail", representing a two category jump in severe weather threat. A WATCH has been posted from Lancaster County to past the Kansas and Missouri state lines and far southern Iowa. The primary change in the forecast was a slight increase in expected BWD and steepening lapse rates with newer model runs. The primary threat is 1-2" hailstones with a multicellular storm mode. As the boundary layer cools this evening, the LL lapse rates moderate and storms should weaken. The last of the convection should be pushing into Missouri by midnight. Have introduced patchy fog to the grids overnight in response to the lack of winds and high dewpoints. Believe northeast Nebraska has best chance of seeing the fog, but it could as far south as I-80. Latest HREF suggests about a 50% chance of visibility slipping below 5 miles along and north of I-80. With a high summer sun angle, expect that fog to dissipate quickly on Thursday morning. While skies are expected to remain mostly cloud-free, we expect them to remain milky with continued Canadian wildfire smoke elevated across the area. The HRRR produces very little surface smoke in it`s mid-day runs today, though at 3,000 feet the smoke is considerably more dense and growing denser over the next 24 hours, especially for western Iowa. For all but those very sensitive to smoke, it should act mostly as a sun filter. Believe Thursday and Friday`s low POP chances deserved to be pushed lower with deterministic models keeping things dry with weak instability, little forcing, and paltry but noted cap in place both afternoons. Attention turns to the season`s hottest three day stretch so far with high temps in the middle to upper 90s for three consecutive days. Dewpoints, too, will be trending toward the extreme. Have bumped up those supplied by the NBM. Evapotranspiration from crops will help western Iowa`s dewpoints to climb at least into the mid-70s: Hot and humid. Sunday and Monday will be the hottest days with heat indices managing 102 to 106 for most on Sunday and similar readings for the southern half of the CWA for Monday as a cold front slips through the area. As it stands, we`re shy of our excessive heat warning criteria each afternoon but close to the 75F minimum heat index suggested by NWS directives. The lower criteria needed for a heat advisory may be met with forecast max heat indices of 105+. As confidence grows heat headlines may need to be issued, especially in the metro areas where concrete and massive apartment buildings tend to hold the day`s heat much later into the night. 20-30% PoPs have been introduced to the forecast for Monday night (cold front) and Tuesday as the upper level ridging breaks down and flow becomes zonal. && .AVIATION /00Z TAFS THROUGH 00Z FRIDAY/... Issued at 556 PM CDT Wed Jul 10 2024 Scattered thunderstorms are ongoing across southeast Nebraska. This activity is within the vicinity of KLNK, though precipitation is expected to remain south. Lightning should move out of the KLNK terminal area by the start of this TAF period, but will monitor closely. There is also a very low chance (10-15 percent) of a thunderstorm at KOFK between 01 and 03 UTC. These storms, currently around Sioux City, appear to be weakening and odds are will not make it to KOFK. Convection should remain south of KOMA. After 07 UTC, patchy fog (30 to 40 percent chance) is expected to develop across eastern Nebraska and western Iowa. It does not appear to be a strong signal at TAF sites, however if fog does develop visibilities down to 2 miles will be possible. Will monitor closely for inclusion into TAFs tonight. Any fog that develops should be gone by 13 UTC. && .OAX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... NE...None. IA...None. && $$ DISCUSSION...Nicolaisen AVIATION...Darrah