Forecast Discussions mentioning any of "HRRR" "RAP" "RUC13" "RUC" "RR" received at GSD on 05/08/24


Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service La Crosse WI
950 PM CDT Tue May 7 2024 .KEY MESSAGES... - Scattered storms into the evening, mostly along and east of the Mississippi River. A few could be strong with small hail, gusty winds...but can`t rule out a funnel cloud or two in western WI. - Active weather pattern with a series of shortwave troughs promising periodic rain chances into next week. Severe threat looks low. Rainfall from today through next Thu could reach 1 1/2 to 2". - Cool Thursday, mostly around the seasonable normals after that. && .DISCUSSION... Issued at 210 PM CDT Tue May 7 2024 OVERVIEW: wagon train of upper level shortwaves are looking to drive across/near the upper mississippi river valley through the weekend, and much of next week. While there are some differences in timing/placement of the upper level features in the GEFS and EPS, they both agree the pattern should stay "active". There doesn`t look to be much/if any tap to gulf moisture after today, but the model blend suggests amounts (including today) upwards of 1 1/2 to 2" through next Thu. A 10 to 20% to exceed 3" for a few locations. After today, instability is looking meager through the period for most days, keeping any severe threat low (to none). REST OF THE AFTERNOON/TONIGHT: Additional Showers & Storms This Afternoon and Evening As our morning line of storms continues to exit the region, clearing skies with occasional bands of low-level clouds on GOES-16 visible satellite imagery can be noted pivoting around a clearly defined low pressure center. As we continue through the afternoon, clearing skies will allow for destabilization to take place with the 07.15z RAP ramping up MLCAPE values to around 1000-1500 J/kg later into the afternoon. As of 1830z, satellite imagery shows some aggravated cumulus with a few weak convective cells popping up east of the Mississippi River. While the instability later today is fairly conducive for convection, however, 0-6km bulk shear profiles (around 10 kts) in the CAMs would suggest a more pulse storm environment. In short, expecting cells to develop quickly when any localized surface boundaries are utilized but will struggle to maintain their cores aloft. Consequently, there may be some small hail and gusty winds with the most robust updrafts when considering relatively low freezing levels to around 8kft. With surface flow changing to southwest by 21z, will have to watch for some non-supercell funnel/tornado threat as 0-3km CAPE approaches 300 J/kg. Therefore, the RAP increases the non-supercell tornado parameter substantially for a few hours this afternoon and evening. Currently, the CAMs suggests showers and storms to move northeast with the mean wind through the later evening hours and weaken as instability wanes. WED AFTERNOON/THU: an occlusion still set to lay northwest of its parent sfc low tracking east across the Ohio River Valley Wed afternoon/evening. A loft, shortwave energy set to spit east from the plains while a ripple in the upper level flow drops southward out of Canada. The features will interact to spark areas of showers - mostly favored along/south of I-90. These will sink south/southeast with the shortwave movement/exit of the sfc trough Thu. Meager instability with the bulk of the deep layer shear farther south. Some turning in the the lowest 0-1km per RAP bufkit soundings, and there is sfc convergence along the occlusion. With a cold core upper level low association, there does lie some low end risk for tornadoes near the sfc convergence Wed afternoon. Overall, the bulk of the severe threat lies south of the local area. FRIDAY: the long range guidance has been in good agreement with taking a shortwave trough out of southern Canada south/southeast, dropping it across the upper mississippi river valley Fri afternoon/evening. Weak low level warming and a little Fgen will help the feature spark another area of showers as it spins across the region. 250-500 J/kg of SCAPE in the GFS and NAM support some scattered thunder chances while deeper shear is displaced to the west. No severe expected at this time. With no southern tap to deep moisture, rainfall amounts trending less than 1/4". SUNDAY/START OF NEXT WEEK: more bits of upper level energy currently progged to slip across/near the region in the GEFS and EPS, bringing additional rain chances. Some differences in timing and location, but the long range guidance keeps it active and potentially wet through the middle part of next week. TEMPS: Thu still trending to be the coolest day of the week with an upper level trough dropping across the region - bringing colder air along with cooling from areas of rain. Probabilities in the LREF sit at 10-20% to warm out of the 50s - although the EPS is a bit more optimistic that a few locations could break 60 degrees. After that, the EPS and GEFS settle in to temperatures plus/minus 5 to 10 degrees around the seasonable normals. && .AVIATION /06Z TAFS THROUGH 06Z THURSDAY/... Issued at 950 PM CDT Tue May 7 2024 A brief shower remains possible for a few hours late this evening. Otherwise, VFR conditions are likely into Wednesday with patches of mid/high clouds and winds under 10 kts. Chances for showers and isolated storms will increase later Wednesday/Wednesday night, but with lower confidence in placement of the rain at this time, will not explicitly mention at this point, but may be needed in future updates. && .ARX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... WI...None. MN...None. IA...None. && $$ DISCUSSION...Naylor/Rieck AVIATION...JM
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Columbia SC
1038 PM EDT Tue May 7 2024 .SYNOPSIS... A brief lull in thunderstorm activity is anticipated through early Wednesday, with increasing chances of showers and storms towards the end of the week. Potential for strong to severe storms will exist on Thursday and Thursday night ahead of an approaching cold front. Drier conditions return for the weekend. Expect generally above average temperatures through the latter half of the week before transitioning to near or slightly below average during the weekend. && .NEAR TERM /UNTIL 7 AM WEDNESDAY MORNING/... A weak shortwave aloft continues to move through the primary mid-level ridge axis which is triggering some scattered strong thunderstorms across western and central NC. A broad cirrus shield aloft continues to push over our area, south of the deep convection and as of 00z, our cumulus deck has completed dissipated; instability across SC is generally limited and will only continue to drop more over the next few hours. So based on the current water vapor imagery, radar, and hi- res guidance, the best forcing from this shortwave should continue to remain north of our area, across NC, with broad height rises thanks to the ridge positioning. So PoP`s are falling off quickly and confidence in any showers-storms in our area is low. The only question of note is the deeper convection-MCS back across GA, which is not being handled well by the hi-res guidance. The general steering flow aloft is turning more northwesterly on the back-edge of the shortwave around the ridge axis which may allow this MCS to move into eastern GA. But CIN rapidly increases and instability drops off quickly across eastern GA, so even if the complex does sustain eastward, severe potential is low overall. && .SHORT TERM /7 AM WEDNESDAY MORNING THROUGH THURSDAY NIGHT/... Active short term period is on tap, with multiple chances for potential severe weather. This threat is primarily centered on Thursday, where damaging winds and large hail are possible with strong thunderstorm development. 09z RAP forecasts a fairly complex, expansive 500 hPa trough centered across the central Plains with a shortwave trough exiting into the northeastern US followed by another emerging into the central Plains south of the center of the low. Ridge axis is forecast to be atop the Carolinas, shifting eastward through the day. Recent CAM guidance has begun to show a leftover MCS progressing eastward across the TN Valley towards the Appalachians by 12z. There is quite a bit of uncertainty surrounding this, but we will address that momentarily. As the ridge axis shifts eastward it will be followed by a strong, zonal southern stream 250 hPa jet streak with the left exit region emerging over the central Carolinas by 00z Thursday. As southwesterly flow increases, an EML with 7-7.5C 500-700 hPa lapse rates will push over northern SC and southern NC, yielding 2000+ j/kg of MLCAPE across the northern FA as early as 18z. Soundings are quite impressive, with EML and deep layer shear supportive of potential severe convection. Large scale forcing is primarily going to be focused to our northwest across the OH Valley, leaving some question marks as to whether or not we actually are able to see convection initiate in the northern FA. The severe risk is definitely conditional, which is why it is important to note the spread amongst guidance as to whether or not a convective system makes it to the Appalachians tomorrow morning. Forecaster confidence will increase in potential severe convection tomorrow afternoon if an outflow boundary from decaying convection makes it into western NC. This would be able to focus low-level forcing to initiate convection into the favorable thermo environment across the northern FA. But until details become more concrete, it is hard to say whether or not we`ll certainty see convection tomorrow up there. Low-end Chance PoPs seem appropriate at this point. Highs will be quite warm given nice southwesterly flow at the surface, so look for highs in the lower 90s. Wednesday night through Thursday night looks very active, with higher confidence in at least a couple rounds of potentially severe convection. MLCIN will likely settle in across much of the forecast area after 11p Wednesday, allowing much of the convective threat to shift north of the forecast area. Then we turn our attention to the northwest. Boundary layer moisture is expected to remain rich, with steep mid-level lapse rates helping maintain easily accessible instability ahead of an expected line of convection approaching from the west. Most pieces of guidance show this crossing the appalachians Thursday morning and decaying in western NC. Ahead of this, it is likely that capping over our forecast area should help to keep any prior convection at bay and allow for significant destabilization to develop - potentially on the order of 2000+ j/kg of MLCAPE again. The question is again whether or not convection initiates during the afternoon hours. Cold front will slowly approach the region through the afternoon. While there doesn`t look to be significant synoptic support across the area, both the GFS and NAM are showing a 700 hPa shortwave pushing across the Carolinas. Combine that with moderate instability with the surface cold front/remnant outflow boundary and the thinking is that convection will be more widespread than either model is currently showing during the afternoon hours. Temps should get into the mid 80s ahead of the convection. Another round of convection is possible on Thursday night, which may be the highest confidence this forecaster has in any of these rounds. The cold front looks as if it will continue to slowly move southward and almost stall across the area by Thursday night, with a strong shortwave pushing atop this with high MUCAPE values along and south of the front as the shortwave pushes eastward. This should yield at least widespread, elevated convection that will likely push into the area late Thursday night and early Friday. Uncertainty abounds about this given the uncertainty during the day on Thursday, so it is hard to comment on the potential severity of the convection. However, a severe risk certainly looks to continue into the overnight hours on Thursday as elevated instability will likely remain in place. So to summarize: forecaster confidence in several rounds of convection is moderate, with overall confidence increasing with each time step from Wednesday to Thursday to Thursday night. SPC has a Marginal Risk in place tomorrow and a Slight Risk on Thursday, which makes sense given uncertainty regarding both days. Given the widespread instability expected across the area, severe convection is definitely possible in each of these rounds. Clarity will be added over the next 24-36 hours as more model guidance takes what actually happens into account. && .LONG TERM /FRIDAY THROUGH TUESDAY/... Won`t spend a ton of time focused on this considering the threat for convection on Wednesday and Thursday. It does look like the front will slowly push through the area on Friday, with drier air and high pressure filtering into the region over the weekend. Showers and thunderstorms are likely to to push eastward and out of the area during the day on Friday. Really tough to discern whether or not this convection will be severe given the uncertainty preceding it, but it is possible that more strong storms occur on Friday. Temps will likely return back towards normal, with highs in the low to mid 80s through much of this period. Guidance shows dry weather through early next week before moisture and southwesterly flow return early next week and offer up more substantial rain chances by Tuesday or Wednesday. && .AVIATION /03Z WEDNESDAY THROUGH SUNDAY/... High confidence in VFR conditions through the forecast period. No convection to worry about this evening with cumulus dissipating with the loss of heating, although cirrus shield continues to slowly move overhead through the early overnight hours. A 25 knot low level jet should help keep the boundary layer mixed and surface winds in the 3 to 5 knot range overnight which should help preclude fog concerns. Winds should pick up to around 10 knots by 15z from the southwest as deep southwesterly flow develops with low pressure moving into the Ohio Valley with afternoon convection expected to remain mainly north of the terminals. EXTENDED AVIATION OUTLOOK...Active weather with mainly diurnal convection each day through Friday. There`s potential for more widespread severe storms on Thursday. Brief CIG/VSBY restrictions and gusty winds may accompany any thunderstorms that affect the terminals. && .CAE WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... SC...None. GA...None. && $$ SYNOPSIS... NEAR TERM... SHORT TERM... LONG TERM... AVIATION...
Forecast Discussion at weather.gov/mqt.

&& .DLH WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... MN...None. WI...None. MARINE...Small Craft Advisory until midnight CDT tonight for LSZ140>146. && $$ DISCUSSION...Wolfe AVIATION...Britt MARINE...Wolfe
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Peachtree City GA
800 PM EDT Tue May 7 2024 ...New 00Z Aviation Discussion... .SHORT TERM... (This afternoon through Wednesday) Issued at 248 PM EDT Tue May 7 2024 Large 500 mb low is cut off and located over the northern Great Plains becoming increasingly vertically stacked with surface low in same area. This storm system was responsible for the severe weather in the Plains last night, and the organized convection from that has progressed well ahead of a now stalled cold front and mostly fallen apart as it pushes through the eastern CONUS. Some convective debris from that has been traversing the area, and when combined with some AVA aloft from shortwave ridging, has prevented us from taking off convectively this afternoon. This is changing into the evening, and leftover boundary from overnight convection is pushing in, which could provide a focus from some afternoon showers or thunderstorms, though expecting these should be very isolated, with best chances to the north over the higher terrain. Tonight, moisture continues to push into the area. Some convection may push in from the west, dependent on whether or not it can get going over parts of Alabama. North Georgia would be the most likely to see this per hires guidance. There is a small chance some of this could be severe for a brief period in far NW GA, as the parameter space there has decent instability with 40-50 kts of effective bulk shear. A Marginal Risk (1 out of 5) is in effect for far NW GA as a result. With sunset, any convection remaining should become increasingly elevated. Tomorrow, some hires guidance shows some convection taking place across northern GA that should be under severe limits, but may have impacts on overall evolution of convection later in the day. Guidance shows a piece of the upper level low over the Plains breaking towards the eastern CONUS as a potent shortwave, allowing for PVA and decent shear across the CWA Wednesday evening into Wednesday night. Some general afternoon storms will be possible, but the bigger "show" may be later in the night and into early Thursday as a line of storms pushes into northern GA. HRRR and a few other hires members from this morning show very organized convection with some UH tracks. This tracks with the parameter space forecasted - HREF means show MUCAPE of 500-1000+ J/kg still over northern GA by the early morning hours with 30-40 kts of sfc-500 m shear, representative of substantial shear within the low levels. This leads to nearly 100-200 m2/s2 of 0-1 km SRH, which would allow for ingestion of streamwise vorticity for potential updrafts. Want to emphasize however that uncertainty remains in how this will evolve - convective evolution today through tomorrow will have a large influence on the evolution of the upper levels through diabatic forcing and the low levels via outflow and other factors. The environment will be there - it remains to be seen whether any storms will be able to utilize it. Lusk && .LONG TERM... (Thursday morning through next Monday) Issued at 248 PM EDT Tue May 7 2024 Highlights: -Potentially active weather will be ongoing at the start of the long term persisting into Friday. -Drier weather returns by the weekend persisting into early next week. No significant changes with this latest forecast. Still targeting primarily two rounds of severe potential: the first Wednesday night into Thursday morning for North GA (1-20 northward) and the second Thursday evening through early Friday morning for Central Georgia (south of I-20). A low pressure system and attendant cold front will be pushing eastward across the Ohio/TN Valley Regions. This will drive a complex of showers and thunderstorms, ahead of the front, into the northern sections of Georgia Thursday morning. Latest hi-res guidance appears to be slightly quicker with moving this complex into North GA Thursday morning. The primary threat with any strong to severe thunderstorms still appears to be damaging winds as a result of decent deep layer shear and lapse rates accompanying the complex. Hail and possibly an embedded spin-up tornado are still threats as well. This activity will gradually push south through the morning on Thursday and the question remains if the complex will weaken and/or be the focus for possible redevelopment during the afternoon as peak heating occurs. As a reiteration, model guidance typically struggles with the evolution of convective complexes, thus, still accounting for some level of uncertainty as far as exact placement of convective activity beyond Thursday morning. The surface cold front will still be moving through the forecast area and an additional surface low looks to develop across the Lower MS Valley. Latest runs of the 12z hi-res guidance is still picking up on an additional complex of showers and thunderstorms developing and translating eastward towards the area Thursday night into Friday. Again the biggest question will be how this evolves as it progresses towards the area. Lift from the front, decent lapse rates, plenty of wind energy in the mid/upper levels accompanying the main trough may support yet another (third) severe risk late Thursday into Friday for Central Georgia. Damaging winds and hail will be the primary hazards for any strong to severe thunderstorms that develop during the afternoon Thursday or in the evening through the overnight period. Tornado threat is still fairly low at this time. Stay tuned for additional updates... The surface cold front will start to clear the area pushing any lingering rain/thunder chances out of the forecast area by Friday afternoon. We return to NW flow aloft with a brief cool down just in time for the weekend. Some low chance PoPs have been introduced for next week as some mid-level disturbances look to move through flow aloft. 07 && .AVIATION... (00Z TAFS) Issued at 752 PM EDT Tue May 7 2024 Scattered shower and thunderstorm activity will continue in far northern Georgia through 06Z Thursday. Storms are not expected at any of the TAF sites during this period, but some drizzle is possible between 10Z and 15Z Wednesday. A mix of IFR and MVFR ceilings (cloud bases 600-2500 ft AGL) should develop in the region between 06Z and 17Z Wednesday. Southerly to southwesterly winds will continue through 06Z Thursday. The strongest winds, 6 to 12 kt, should occur between 15Z Wednesday and 00z Thursday. //ATL Confidence...00Z Update... Overall confidence in the KATL TAF is moderate. High confidence in the wind, visibility and precipitation forecasts. Low confidence in the ceilings between 08Z and 12Z Wednesday. Albright && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... Athens 68 88 69 84 / 10 30 40 80 Atlanta 69 87 69 85 / 20 30 50 90 Blairsville 64 82 63 78 / 40 60 80 90 Cartersville 67 87 66 83 / 30 40 60 80 Columbus 70 91 72 89 / 10 20 20 80 Gainesville 69 86 69 82 / 30 50 60 90 Macon 69 90 70 89 / 0 10 10 70 Rome 68 87 67 85 / 40 50 70 90 Peachtree City 69 89 69 86 / 10 20 30 80 Vidalia 69 92 71 92 / 0 10 10 50 && .FFC WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... None. && $$ SHORT TERM...Lusk LONG TERM....07 AVIATION...Albright
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Grand Forks ND
924 PM CDT Tue May 7 2024 .KEY MESSAGES... - A line of weak thunderstorms will continue north this afternoon with the potential for gusty winds to 50 mph and small hail. - Scattered rain chances return this weekend. && .UPDATE... Issued at 924 PM CDT Tue May 7 2024 Almost all the shower and storm activity has faded away now. Cloud cover is still fairly thick, with just a few holes scattered about. With the recent rain, any clear spot where the wind becomes light could see some patchy fog. At the moment, wind speeds should stay up just enough and it should remain mostly cloudy. UPDATE Issued at 629 PM CDT Tue May 7 2024 Line of showers and embedded thunder continues to move north this evening. The line currently is situated over Towner county through northern Beltrami county. Over the past several hours it has become unorganized and lost its intensity. SFC vorticity and instability have started to weaken and will continue to do so as we progress through the remainder of the evening hours. Isolated gusts behind the front of 30-35mph will be possible through the rest of the evening before we loose further daytime heating and mixing potential. && .DISCUSSION... Issued at 242 PM CDT Tue May 7 2024 Storms continue to fire along the northward moving occluded front and currently span from the Valley City to Fargo corridor and southeast to Fergus Falls. These will continue to propagate north/northwest as the front wraps around the upper low to the southwest centered over the central ND/SD border. MLCAPE of 400-800 J/kg per latest RAP analysis overlaid upon the ample boundary vorticity have created sporadic weak mid-level (850 MB) mesos with this short sub-6km deep convection. Should continue to see a small hail and gusty wind threat through the afternoon with these as they move north though the landspout/weak tornado threat seems to be low as cells struggle to remain discrete and rain into each others updrafts. Clearing behind the main line may yield enough instability to see a few more storms form behind this initial line but remain weaker with more mid level dry air to contend with. Gusty synoptic 30+ mph winds will begin to drop off after sunset as we develop the evening inversion leaving a pleasant night. A breakdown of the upper low over the next 2 days will see continued cloud cover with periodic shower chances through Wednesday as the low meanders south with weak upper flow to move it along. Another 0.10 to 0.25" remains possible before this round of rain ends primarily north of HWY 200. A drier period begins after this round moves out with eastern ridging forming atop a developing cutoff low in desert SW arching into the northern plains by late week. Northerly flow along the eastern edge of this ridging will see shortwaves rounding the ridging with our next potential rain maker Friday though not looking at a soaker with this quick moving clipper type system. Low level ridging will see relative humidity dropping below 40% each day Thursday- Sunday for at least a portion of the forecast area. The strongest surface pressure gradient doesnt move over head until Friday/Saturday quelling concerns of fire weather though remains something to monitor. Chances for precip look to then stem from ridge riding waves late weekend into early next week Though uncertainty remains high with timing and amounts. Highs through the period as ridging dominates will be in the 60s to 70s with average highs in the mid 60s for the second week of May. Lows in the 40s to low 50s each night for the week should provide near term relief from any late season frost threat for gardeners who have already started spring planting or are looking to start. && .AVIATION /00Z TAFS THROUGH 00Z THURSDAY/... Issued at 629 PM CDT Tue May 7 2024 Line of showers and isolated thunderstorms continue to move north. The line is currently stretching from northern Towner to northern Beltrami county. Winds behind the showers have been on the stronger side, with gusts up to 30kts at times for DVL, FAR, GFK, and TVF. This will be periodic over the next three hours. After, winds will turn toward the east and diminish. Rain chances continue through 03z for BJI, DVL, TVF, and GFK. Otherwise, clouds will remain broken for all sites but FAR through the overnight period. DVL and BJI will reach MVFR ceilings around midnight and remain there through 12z. Further chances for isolated showers near the end of the TAF period, with MVFR BKN ceilings. && .FGF WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... ND...None. MN...None. && $$ UPDATE...Godon DISCUSSION...TT AVIATION...Spender
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Indianapolis IN
917 PM EDT Tue May 7 2024 .KEY MESSAGES... - Severe storms expected today, especially during the afternoon and evening. All forms of severe hazards are possible. - Additional severe storms are possible Wednesday afternoon and evening. All forms of severe hazards are again possible. - Heavy rain is possible at times through Wednesday night. Localized flooding will also be possible. - Periodic chances for showers and a few storms late week into early next week. - Normal to slightly below normal temperatures from Thursday into early next week. && .MESOSCALE UPDATE... Issued at 917 PM EDT Tue May 7 2024 A general east-west axis of mixed mode convection continues mid this evening S and SE of Indy, with a tendency for some new cells to develop along the southern outflow boundary of the existing complex. Besides continued strong/severe weather potential into late evening, heavy rain amounts and rates have materialized due to some training cells, with radar rainfall estimates of 1.5 to 2.5 inches in some areas. As a result, a flood advisory is in effect til midnight EDT for parts of Johnson, Shelby, Rush, and northern Decatur counties. Use caution and watch for significant ponding of water on roads and low-lying areas and near creeks and streams. Eventually CAMS take the current activity ESE and out of central IN, while a new potential focus may occur over parts of southern IN into KY. Overnight, storms should end across our region as drier and more stable air temporarily infiltrates central IN. Then renewed destabilization and additional convection should occur Wednesday afternoon and evening in our area, especially southern half. Issued at 753 EDT Tue May 7 2024 Convective mode has become a little messier over last hour or two, with a mix of supercells and now a more linear segment across Shelby and Johnson counties. The line segment evolved due to outflow mergers creating a local cold pool which has pushed east across Shelby, increasing the potential for some strong/severe wind gusts. Meanwhile, the back portion of this line over Johnson has evolved more into a heavy rain/local flood threat as cells train east across the county. However, a new line segment now over southern Johnson is moving more normal to its own axis, increasing the local wind and hail threat in that part of the county. Several supercells are still in play over central IN, one warned in Rush County, others in Randolph that appear to be weakening last couple radar scans. Additional cells expected this evening along and south of current activity as unstable SW inflow continues to impinge on convective outflow boundary from ongoing cells. Besides continuing severe threat, additional heavy rain could result in more ponding of water and localized flooding. Issued at 634 EDT Tue May 7 2024 Scattered supercells continue to track E and NE over central IN. The earlier cell that was approaching southern Indy metro failed to pulse up as cell mergers occurred more in front flank of cell which may have limited unstable inflow into updraft zone. Nevertheless it remains a core entity as it passes across SE Marion Co. at this time and will continue to monitor as it moves east. Other supercells not showing much low-level rotation at this time. This could be due to slightly more veered boundary-layer flow into the storms, limiting some streamwise vorticity ingestion into updraft zone. Nevertheless, we are getting some good hail cores with occasional 1 inch reports still happening with strongest cells. Most concern over next 1-2 hours would be the storms along/near the I-70 corridor which have unimpeded axis to unstable low-level inflow and reside on the northern gradient of the maximum instability over far SW IN on southward. Storms also are riding along their own created outflow boundary which could possibly promote better convergence and tilting/rotation into the updraft. Will continue to monitor. Issued at 540 PM EDT Tue May 7 2024 Persistent supercell continues to track east across southern and eastern Putnam Co. at this time. Storm has history of 1 inch diameter hail, with isolated report up to ping pong in Putnam along with funnel cloud as relayed by EMA. Still healthy rotation aloft but less so in low-levels. Still not seeing really any cell or shower mergers into southern inflow flank of storm yet although radar now showing some cells developing just to its south and moving NE toward it. Such mergers can enhance low-level streamwise vorticity and rotation potential, subsequently leading to better tornado potential (but not always). WoFS data suggests that some mergers and some cell strengthening may occur as it continues to propagate east toward southern half of Indy metro over next hour, although rain from downwind part of storm will affect Indy area shortly. Will continue to monitor trends on this storm closely. Elsewhere, we are continue to monitor supercell structures over Boone, Clinton, and Tipton counties at this time. More updates to come. && .SHORT TERM (This evening through Wednesday)... Issued at 259 PM EDT Tue May 7 2024 Our focus in the short term is the severe weather potential this afternoon. THIS AFTERNOON Synoptic Overview A potent trough and associated jet streak are beginning to edge into Indiana. We`ll find ourselves in the right exit region of the jet streak. Typically, the right exit region isn`t usually considered the best place for large-scale lift. However, we`re dealing with a cyclonically curved jet streak which maintain favorable lift in both the right and left exit regions. The best vorticity advection looks like it will pass to our north. Still, enough divergence exists within the jet streak for synoptic-scale lifting this afternoon. 500mb height falls signify that this large-scale lifting is ongoing. At the surface, a cold front across northwestern Illinois will advance eastward. This feature will provide another source of lift in addition to the dynamics above. A potent low-level jet (35-45kt at 850mb) will advect warm buoyant air back northward eroding what remains of a cold pool/CIN. Rapid destabilization of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) is expected as we head into the afternoon through a combination of advection and solar insolation. Additional lift will arise from the buoyant forces near the surface. As such, thunderstorms are likely once again both along the boundary and within the open warm sector. Convective Mode Now that we`ve reasoned why thunderstorm development is once again expected this afternoon, we can take a look at convective mode and hazard types. Latest RAP analysis shows plenty of low-level shear, and this is corroborated by latest satellite imagery showing billows/waves in the warm sector stratus (17z). RAP soundings depict 0-1km shear over 20kt, with effective bulk shear over 50kt. Hodographs are long, with some curvature in the lowest 3km (especially as one heads further east). The thermal profile shows modest lapse rates with tall CAPE profiles and abundant low-level moisture. NAM/GFS soundings are quite similar. The jet streak aloft is generally perpendicular to the warm sector and cold front. Therefore, multicell clusters and supercells appear to be the most likely storm mode today. Reason being is we have a lot of shear with the best large-scale lift is passing to our north. Additionally, faster flow may still be a bit further west and storms could have poor anvil-level relative outflow (which may promote multicell over supercell). The jet streak will be deeper into the region later in the day as well, so supercell mode may become more prominent after 6pm or so. Linear mode may be possible in the evening as the front/pressure trough becomes a bit more parallel with the shear vector. Hazard Type and Timing In terms of hazard type, we have an "all of the above" situation this afternoon. Abundant buoyancy and shear in the lowest 1km should promote tornado potential, with the possibility of a strong tornado. Additionally, tall CAPE profiles with fast flow through the Hail Growth Zone upward will promote a large to very large hail threat. Dry mid-level air may lead to DCAPE values over 1000J/kg allowing for efficient downward momentum transfer and a damaging wind threat. These hazards are most likely within supercells that develop. In terms of timing, given the lack of a cap in the model soundings...it seems probable that convection fires up rather early in the afternoon. As of 17z, low- level stratus still has a wavy appearance signifying low-level stability...though this is beginning to change. Satellite trends show convective rolls and a few towers beginning to develop over northern Illinois. The most probable timing of convective redevelopment is between 18-21z. TONIGHT High-res guidance generally shows convective activity exiting the area before 06z. As mentioned above, some linear convective mode is possible in the evening...and if the line orients itself parallel to the shear vector then storm training may occur. This may promote a heavy rainfall threat. This seems most probable in the south and eastern portions of our CWA. Surface winds diminish quickly after sunset and another round of overnight fog is possible as PBL inversion develops. Wednesday`s severe weather threat will be covered in the Long Range Discussion below. && .LONG TERM (Wednesday night through Tuesday)... Issued at 259 PM EDT Tue May 7 2024 WEDNESDAY/WEDNESDAY NIGHT... BOTTOM LINE UP FRONT - Another day of potentially significant severe weather is likely Wednesday, with all hazards possible, though the corridor of highest severe potential may be further to our south/southwest as opposed to today. Central Indiana will begin the day on the cool side of the effective warm front, which will likely lay somewhere along a Kansas City - Paducah line and points east/southeastward by daybreak, though the eastward extent becomes a bit more uncertain as this portion of the boundary may be convectively reinforced. All models, including CAMs, show this boundary pushing steadily back northward through the day on Wednesday, though there is decent variability in how quickly this occurs and what that means for destabilization and evolution of tomorrow`s rounds of convection. The rough consensus appears to be that the front will get as far north as the I-70 corridor or thereabout by late afternoon, though convection will very likely be in progress by this time, as minimal inhibition is expected within the warm sector. Convection may then push eastward and perhaps even east/southeastward as potential upscale growth occurs, cold pools become established and storms begin to ride the instability gradient along the boundary, which may be held up on its northward lift by this activity, which is a failure mode for severe episodes we`ve seen in this area several times before. The lack of capping may also contribute to a variety of convective modes, with discrete storms ahead of any possible QLCS segments, though all hazards look to be on the table - with relative threat of each hazard depending significantly upon these modes. Shear will not be an issue, as deep layer and low level bulk shear numbers are more than adequate for organized storms across the area, especially along the boundary - and significant instability will be present within the warm sector. It appears that convection will fire fairly early in the day over western Missouri into NE Oklahoma/NW Arkansas, initially moving eastward or even ENE-ward with the mean flow, with a gradual shift to eastward motion and then ESE-ward with time as convection organizes and begins to modify the environment. Focus area over the last 24 hours has shifted south somewhat, and given the CAM guidance and uncertainties with respect to warm frontal progress/airmass recovery further northward into central Indiana, this appears reasonable. If QLCS mode becomes predominant early in the day, this activity may well skirt across the southern portions of central Indiana in late afternoon/early evening as it moves eastward and then begins to develop southeastward along the instability gradient. However far north the warm front manages to progress, any convection near and along it, particularly discrete cells, will have the potential for tornadoes, possibly significant, though again, the most likely corridor for this appears to be just off to our south/southwest at this time. Significant rainfall potential will exist with this activity, and a hydrologic threat will require monitoring tomorrow into tomorrow night, dependent upon storm track and evolution. THURSDAY - TUESDAY... BOTTOM LINE UP FRONT - Cooler with periodic shower/storm chances through the rest of the forecast period. Lingering shower and storm chances will accompany a secondary cold front and the upper level trough axis as it passes through the region on Thursday, and periodic shower chances will be necessary throughout the remainder of the long term as individual waves within the larger upper level cyclonic flow impinge upon the region. Temperatures will be cooler, perhaps significantly so, late in the week and into the weekend, though some recovery back into the mid to perhaps upper 70s appears likely by early next week as the large scale upper trough pulls northeastward and heights begin to build locally/flow becomes quasizonal. && .AVIATION (00Z TAF Issuance)... Issued at 732 PM EDT Tue May 7 2024 Impacts: - Thunderstorms continue to impact KIND through 0-1z. KBMG could see impacts through 2-3z. - Patchy fog possible overnight. Discussion: Thunderstorms remain mainly east of a line from Kokomo to Terre Haute. Strong and severe thunderstorms remain possible for the next few hours with very poor flying conditions within or near any shower/storm, which at this point should not impact KHUF or KLAF. After storms exit the area, skies should clear and some patchy fog may form overnight. Winds may go light and variable for a time. Wednesday will feature increasing clouds and a renewed storm threat. The best storm chances appear to be across southern Indiana, with lesser chances north. Will leave out thunder mention for tomorrow for now without good confidence on timing and location but include some convective cu. Winds become southerly around 10-14 kts Wednesday afternoon. && .IND WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... None. && $$ MESOSCALE...Funk SHORT TERM...Eckhoff LONG TERM...Nield AVIATION...CP
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Louisville KY
1022 PM EDT Tue May 7 2024 .KEY MESSAGES... * Potential for multiple rounds of strong to severe storms through early Thursday. All severe hazards will be possible. There is some potential that a significant severe weather event could develop Wednesday afternoon and night. * Localized flooding potential will exist where repeated rounds of heavy rainfall occur, especially Wednesday night into early Thursday. * Below normal temperatures return by Friday and persist into the weekend. && .UPDATE... Issued at 1022 PM EDT Tue May 7 2024 Small storms developed in southern Indiana over the past couple of hours and took full advantage of strong low level shear to manage to produce at least one probable small tornado. IR satellite showing anvils flowing rapidly downstream in strong shear, keeping convection in southern Indiana shallow. Weak mid- level lapse rates are preventing more robust updrafts. With such strong shear in place, updrafts will need to be strong to maintain themselves and support deep convection. However, the cells earlier, which struggled even to produce much lightning, managed to spin-up a possible tornado! Just goes to show that large, powerful thunderstorms aren`t always necessary if low level shear, LCLs, low level lapse rates, etc., support rotation reaching the ground. Convection upstream over the southern tip of Illinois and southwesternmost Indiana continues to struggle. Recent HRRR run did a decent job with the small cells over southern Indiana, and has been consistent all evening with producing more convection overnight. So, will not call the all-clear quite yet. Indeed, deeper convection has been developing into southwesterly flow upstream of the Indiana/Ohio MCS. Will need to keep an eye on this trend as we head into the overnight. Issued at 841 PM EDT Tue May 7 2024 Storms have begun to fire across southern Illinois and southwest Indiana in a corridor of 1.4" precipitable water, 3500 J/kg MLCAPE, and 850mb theta-e ridging ahead of a surface boundary roughly from St Louis to Terre Haute to Dayton. Additional development will be possible south and southwest of the MCS over central Indiana. Though mid-level lapse rates are weak, there are several other factors that support the idea of severe weather over the next several hours. Storms are entering a region of 1200 J/kg DCAPE with steep low level lapse rates and ACARS soundings showing dry mid- level air, supporting wind gusts reaching the surface. 60kt of effective deep layer shear will support storm organization where updrafts are strong enough, and with WBZ heights around 9k`, hail will be a possibility. A TBSS has already been observed with a storm via KLVX radar. The above factors plus sfc-500m STP > 6, 200 m2/s2 0-1km SRH, and 700-1000m LCLs support the possibility of tornadoes. SPC has issued a Tornado Watch for all of southern Indiana and central Kentucky until 3am EDT/2am CDT. Residents musn`t let their guard down regarding flooding. CAMS and training of storms over central Indiana this evening suggest stripes of heavier rain in locations that receive multiple thunderstorms, which can lead to localized flooding issues. Flooding can be particularly dangerous at night. The most likely areas for severe storms and flooding appear to be southern Indiana and north central Kentucky. Issued at 612 PM EDT Tue May 7 2024 Quiet weather persists at this hour with warm, dry air aloft over the region and strong forcing remaining to our north. Over the next couple of hours the best chances for storms will continue to be off to our north, especially over central Indiana. Boundary showing up in visible satellite data from east central Illinois to southeast Missouri is expected by CAMs to support additional thunderstorm development this evening. Forcing mechanisms, however, are subtle, with the more obvious triggers of a surface cold front well to our west from northern Illinois to northeast Texas and the aforementioned 5H impulse weakening slightly as it lifts northeast. There may be a slight increase in the low level jet from around St Louis into the Ohio Valley as the sun sets that could assist in convective development. While confidence in storms is not as high as earlier, patience is often a virtue in these set-ups. It is not yet time to let our guard down. If storms do fire, all severe hazards will be possible, including tornadoes in a strongly sheared environment. Issued at 422 PM EDT Tue May 7 2024 Isolated showers have developed across central Kentucky over the past couple of hours but have struggled with weak forcing and mid- level capping/weak lapse rates. Much stronger storms have erupted to our northwest over Illinois along a CAPE gradient and closer to a 5H speed max advancing from Missouri into Illinois. In central Kentucky and southern Indiana, warm, moist air is in place with temperatures in the mid and upper 70s and dew points into the lower 70s...resulting in increasing SBCAPE. CAMs suggest additional storm development after about 5pm EDT, though remaining widely scattered as the upper impulse over Illinois lifts to the northeast towards the southern tip of Lake Michigan, remaining to our northwest. If storms do develop here this evening, they will be in an environment of dramatically increasing 0-500m SRH/STP, especially after 7pm EDT, and thus will have to be watched closely for signs of rotation. Going deeper into the evening, additional storm development to our west will begin to move into the region for a continuing chance of severe storms, especially over southern Indiana and central Kentucky. The most likely timing for the most widespread convective activity appears to be between 8pm and midnight EDT. A gradual diminishing trend in intensity is expected after midnight, though showers and thunderstorms will continue to push southeastward through central and southern Kentucky. && .SHORT TERM /THROUGH TONIGHT/... Issued at 130 PM EDT Tue May 7 2024 Latest 500 MB analysis and water vapor imagery shows a strong upper level low pressure system over the Dakotas with plenty of jet stream energy and associated dynamics and moisture through the mid MS river valley and into the Ohio River Valley. Dew point temperatures across the region were in the upper 60s to lower 70s with a very humid feel ahead of the cold front draped across the Mid MS river valley. Ongoing convection from the first round of showers and thunderstorms was pushing into the I-75 corridor. The environment outside of ongoing convection is uncapped based on mesoanalysis data, which increases concern for points west of I-65 where shear is steadily increasing. ==================================================== The next round of Thunderstorms Timeframe: 20z (4pm EDT) - 09z (5am EDT) Confidence on severe potential: Medium ==================================================== The next potential round of strong to severe storms will come ahead of a cold front to our west. Storms could start firing off by mid afternoon and push eastward into the western CWA border starting around 20-21z. HREF guidance progs an axis of ~70 degree dewpoints to nudge in from the southwest ahead of the front, and with low level lapse rates at their steepest levels due to peak heating, HREF MUCAPE generally range from 2,000-3,000 J/KG. Strong deep layer shear of 45-55kts will be co-located with this higher instability axis, which will support organized convection that includes supercells. Should severe storms develop, all severe hazards would be possible. Additional re-development along the front overnight as it slides into the region remains possible. Confidence is low on the severe potential with this activity, though, as the earlier afternoon and evening storms could leave cold pools or stabilize the atmosphere in their wake. Assuming the storms have access to an untapped or `recovered` warm sector, all severe hazards would be possible with severe activity. It`s important to note that the severe weather environmental parameters we`ll observe into the overnight hours are very unusual for this region and something we typically see only a handful of times per year. If we get severe supercellular storms, some will be capable of producing very large hail in excess of 2 inches. Modest low level shear and helicity in this moderately unstable environment could result in a strong (+EF2) tornado as well. && .LONG TERM /WEDNESDAY THROUGH TUESDAY/... Issued at 130 PM EDT Tue May 7 2024 ==== Significant Severe Weather Outbreak Possible Wednesday afternoon-Wednesday Night ==== ==== Local Flooding Possible Wednesday Night ==== Moderate to high confidence remains for a significant regional severe weather event Wednesday afternoon into Wednesday night for parts of the Ohio and Tennessee Valleys. Synopsis: Closed upper low centered over the northern Plains Wednesday morning will gradually work eastward towards the Upper Mississippi Valley during the day as a weak shortwave ridge builds over the Ohio Valley. At the surface, a quasi-stationary boundary will be located just along the Ohio River as an elongated area of sfc low pressure over the central plains slowly works towards central IN by Thursday morning. As the sfc low works towards the Ohio Valley, the stalled boundary will become a warm front with dew points south of the boundary over southern IN and central KY in the mid/upper 60s to even a few areas to the south near 70. As temperatures warm into the low/mid 80s during the afternoon, the atmosphere will quickly destabilize with SCAPE values ranging between 1500-3000 J/kg. HREF ensemble soundings indicate 0-6km bulk shear > 50 kt. The main challenge will be timing and placement of initial convection during the day Wednesday. While the setup for a significant severe weather threat continues over the Ohio Valley as indicated by the SPC enhanced outlook (3/5) over our entire county warning area, there are a few elements that could potentially impact the overall severe threat during the day Wednesday. Hi-res models are in agreement of remnant boundaries associated with Tuesday nights storms to be located across central TN Wednesday morning. This boundary looks to be the focal point for convection initiation during the day Wednesday. Timing and location of convective activity Wednesday morning into the early afternoon could play a large role in just how strong storms get later in the afternoon and evening over central KY and southern IN. Some of the hi-res convective allowing models want to develop convection over far western KY while others start to develop activity over MO Wednesday morning. Any cloud cover and potential outflow from this activity arriving early in the day before maximum heating would likely limit storm severity towards the afternoon. Another limiting factor with early convection to our south and southwest early Wednesday would be to limit the LLJ which is indicated by the 00z HRRR and to some extent the NAM3K. Finally, placement of the stalled boundary and its northern progression allowing for the CWA to be in the deep warm moist sector behind increasing instability over the area. A lot of the above mentioned factors will be determined by how the storms Tuesday into Tuesday night unfold over the area. With all that being said, all threats are still possible Wednesday afternoon with initial cellular development before becoming more of a QLCS ahead of an approaching cold front Wednesday night into Thursday morning. Tornado threat: Model sounding continue to indicate low-level curvature on hodographs showing the potential for plenty of streamwise vorticity ingestion by storms, with some eSTP values for tornadoes >=EF2 Wednesday afternoon. Hail threat: With forecast soundings showing large CAPE in the -10 to -30C hail growth zone. Strong deep layer shear and steep mid level lapse rates keep large hail a possibility. Wind threat: While we may not have a strong LLJ to work with, high PWAT values leading to precipitation loading along with steep low- level lapse rates increase the threat of strong damaging wind gusts. Flash Flood threat: With PWAT values above 1.50" and numerous clusters of storms Wednesday afternoon along with a line of storms Wednesday night into Thursday moving through the area. Add to that already wet ground from rains over the last couple of days will increase the threat and concerned for localized flash flooding. Especially in areas south of the Kentucky parkways that will see heavy rain on Tuesday then again on Wednesday. With the above mentioned limiting factors, confidence is higher for linear severe storms associated with the approaching cold front than the development of supercells during the afternoon and early evening on Wednesday. **Like any forecast, there are sources for potential bust. Any convection that might get going Wednesday morning could decrease instability for afternoon redevelopment, as would cloudiness being more widespread, or stronger capping in our position well within the warm sector. While a significant severe weather event is still a possibility, this isn`t a done deal. Stay tuned to the latest forecast information between now and Wednesday afternoon to keep abreast of changes.** Thursday - Monday: Amplified pattern develops Thursday through the remainder of the forecast period with a large ridge building to the west and deep trough across the eastern US. This will keep occasional shower/storms chances in the forecast thanks to a series of shortwave disturbances moving through the northwest flow aloft. Temperatures during this period will be below normal for early May with highs in the 70s and even 60s on Friday. && .AVIATION /00Z TAFS THROUGH 06Z FRIDAY/... Issued at 735 PM EDT Tue May 7 2024 A complex large-scale storm system will affect the airports throughout this TAF period. As for local TSRA, the first wave is expected to pass through the region from northwest to southeast tonight ahead of an upper impulse over Illinois and a weak low level jet over the Ohio Valley. The most likely timing for strong or severe storms will be mid through late evening, with a weakening trend expected after midnight. The next main chance for storms will come with atmospheric destabilization tomorrow afternoon, and even moreso tomorrow evening as a cold front comes in from the west. Some of the storms may once again be strong or severe, with heavy downpours likely. && .LMK WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... KY...None. IN...None. && $$ UPDATE...13 SHORT TERM...DM/MCK LONG TERM...BTN AVIATION...13
Area Forecast Discussion...Updated Aviation
National Weather Service Saint Louis MO
1032 PM CDT Tue May 7 2024 .KEY MESSAGES... - Isolated to widely scattered thunderstorms will dot parts of east-central and southeast Missouri and southwest Illinois into the early evening. A few of these storms could be strong to severe with large hail the dominant threat. - Scattered to numerous severe thunderstorms are expected on Wednesday, primarily from late morning through the afternoon into early evening. The overall set-up is quite volatile supportive of large hail, damaging winds, and a few strong tornadoes. && .SHORT TERM... (Through Late Wednesday Night) Issued at 236 PM CDT Tue May 7 2024 Surface features are rather nebulous this afternoon with largely veered southwesterly surface winds across the area and very weak convergence within the flow across southwest IL into southeast MO. The air mass in this area is currently quite unstable with SBCAPE of 3000+ J/KG and deep layer shear on the order of 70 kts. If we can get some sustained deep storms, which is more challenging with the weak convergence/forcing, then supercells would be the favored mode. Given the veered low-level flow, the hodographs are rather straight favoring large hail as the main threat. The convergence zone is expected to shift east of the area by early evening with an ill-defined cold front settling southeastward across the area as well and the cumulative boundary becoming stationary across southern MO and southern IL later tonight. After the current storms, things look rather tranquil tonight with potential for some patchy fog. Wednesday continues to be a day of big severe weather potential but there is uncertainty on how it will all play out. The overall set-up hasn`t changed much with a surface low moving through west-central MO in the morning, and lifting through northeast MO and into west- central IL by evening. Accompanying the movement of the low, the aforementioned boundary to the south will move northward as a warm front with a trailing cold front accompanying the surface low. Undiluted, the warm sector will become rather expansive and very unstable by afternoon with potential for MLCAPE of 2500-3000+ J/KG. There is also very little CIN forecast within the warm sector due to heating, thus convection could evolve not only along the boundaries but seemingly throughout the open warm sector. The possibility of morning storms however leads to uncertainty in how convective evolution will occur. At least a few of the CAMS including the 12Z HRRR develop robust convection across western MO rather early in the day, growing upscale into a severe QLCS and racing this eastward across the southern half of MO and southern IL during the morning and early afternoon. The best I can tell this early development seems to be in response to a weak vort max in the southwesterly flow and convergence well ahead of the cold front/surface low. While I certainly can discount this scenario, it seems a more plausible scenario is that convection will develop from late morning into the early afternoon throughout central/southwest MO and points east. Given the lack of cap, this might result in waves of storms. The aforementioned strong instability and deep layer shear of 60+ knots would favor supercells, however as mentioned in the SPC SWODY2 outlook, the convective modes could be messy with a mix of supercells and organized bowing segments. The environmental set-up is quite volatile with the aforementioned CAPE/SHEAR space, low LCL heights, steep mid-level lapse rates and anticipated convective modes favoring all severe weather hzards. Forecast hodographs across eastern MO and southwest IL in the afternoon depict impressive clockwise curvature in the lowest few kilometers resulting in large low- level SRH, also supportive of strong tornadoes. By early evening, all the activity should have moved east of the CWA and into the Ohio Valley region. Glass && .LONG TERM... (Thursday through Next Tuesday) Issued at 236 PM CDT Tue May 7 2024 An elongated positively-tilted longwave trof evolves from SE Canada through the SW CONUS by early Thursday, anchored by upper lows in the Great Basin and lower Great Lakes. The Great Lakes upper low/trof continue to deepen across the eastern U.S. through Friday, largely in response to upper ridging building from the Pacific into the Pacific NW, while leaving a cut-off low in the vicinity of the far southwestern U.S. While there are differences in details with the eastern upper trof structure and depth amongst the deterministic models/ensembles and LREF, there is a dominant signal for the presence of a trof and persistence of NW flow aloft Friday through the weekend. This pattern supports near to below normal temperatures beginning immediately post-frontal on Thursday and continuing through Saturday as a series of shortwaves in the NW flow bring weak reinforcing cold fronts through the area. Accompanying the shortwaves could be periodic precipitation chances, especially on Thursday, however there is no strong signal for high pops at any point in time. Heights aloft are on the rise by late Sunday as the eastern trof progresses into the western Atlantic and by early next week the flow aloft across the region is relatively weak by mid-May standards. In response we should see temperatures moderate and return to above normal. The aforementioned temperature trends are fairly well depicted in the NBM temperature guidance and the IQR generally ranges from 5-8 degrees in the Thursday-Tuesday time frame. Glass && .AVIATION... (For the 06z TAFs through 06z Wednesday Night) Issued at 1027 PM CDT Tue May 7 2024 Mainly dry and VFR conditions are expected through mid morning on Wednesday with the exception of some patchy fog in low lying areas including river valleys. Included a tempo group for fog at SUS and CPS between 08-13Z. Then there will be an increasing chance for showers and thunderstorms over Missouri and Illinois during the late morning and afternoon hours. Have made minor adjustments to the timing of showers and thunderstorms with 16-20Z at JEF/COU, 19-23Z at UIN, and 19-24Z at the St. Louis area terminals. Any of the stronger storms tomorrow will be capable of producing MVFR, possible IFR ceilings and visibilities, hail, and strong wind gusts over 35 knots. Britt && .LSX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... MO...None. IL...None. && $$ WFO LSX
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Memphis TN
913 PM CDT Tue May 7 2024 ...New UPDATE... .UPDATE... Issued at 904 PM CDT Tue May 7 2024 CAMS have been over forecasting the development and coverage of storms so far this evening. Just in the past 15 minutes of so we have seen a bit of development near Memphis and Little Rock, although the storm near Memphis dissipated almost as quickly as it developed. There is a weak cap on the 00z LZK sounding, but CIN is zero confirmed by the convective development. The potential exists for rapid development over the next few hours although the most widespread coverage is still expected closer to sunrise. && .SYNOPSIS... Issued at 236 PM CDT Tue May 7 2024 Showers and thunderstorms will start out as isolated tonight and continue to increase in coverage and intensity by Wednesday. While there are severe weather chances today, there is highest confidence and concern for severe weather development on Wednesday night. Lingering showers and thunderstorms are possible on Thursday before a pleasant weekend. && .DISCUSSION... (This evening through next Monday) Issued at 236 PM CDT Tue May 7 2024 A few residual showers are depicted on KNQA as of 2 PM as a low pressure system pulls away from the region. Elsewhere most of the region will experience a brief lull in precipitation for the afternoon. Later this evening, a warm front will begin its northern ascent and may initiate convection. The 12z HRRR is very aggressive with this development across West Tennessee. The other CAMs and preceding HRRR runs are a bit less aggressive and have a quicker storm motion. The other CAMs are also have the storm mode more isolated and less organized so only Slight to Likely PoPs were carried. Confidence is low in severe weather criteria being met due to diurnal stabilization trends (storms may be elevated). Another limiting factor is models are hinting at this front stalling just to the northwest of the Mid-South resulting in a lack of forcing. Confidence continues to increase for severe weather potential tomorrow evening under a large Enhanced Risk for severe weather. A strong trough will interact with a surface low under strong upper level divergence to allow convection to commence. Despite this primed atmosphere, the greatest height falls are slightly to the north of the Mid-South. CIPS analogs have lesser probabilities than this time tomorrow currently at 60-70% as opposed to yesterday of 70-90%. These values are still indicative of organized convection generally along and north of Interstate 40. GFS soundings indicate MLCAPE values ~3000 J/kg, steep lapse rates, 40- 50 kts of effective shear, and a slight curvature to hodographs. Another concerning aspect is as trends continue to paint this as a nocturnal event, this means intensification of the LLJ. It is not likely that any morning showers and storms squash initiation as there is plenty of time to destabilize. Now is the time to prepare for damaging winds of 70+mph, quick spin up tornadoes that could be strong, and significant hail of 2" or greater. The line of storms should clear the area by 7 AM Thursday. Another upper level disturbance from the Gulf Region may bring some showers and thunderstorms Thursday afternoon and evening, mainly along and south of Interstate 40. Some thunderstorms may be strong to severe. On the brighter side, the weekend looks beautiful with dry and seasonable temperatures in the 70s. DNM && .AVIATION... (00Z TAFS) Issued at 650 PM CDT Tue May 7 2024 VFR conditions will remain across the airspace through around 09Z when ceilings begin to lower to MVFR conditions. Catching the timing of VCTS at MEM was a bit tricky tonight as CAMs are in decent disagreement. VCSH/VCTS is possible at JBR around midnight tonight, though confidence was not high enough to include in TAF. South/southwest winds look to begin gusting up to 25 kts across all terminals shortly after sunrise tomorrow as the pressure gradient tightens ahead of a cold frontal movement tomorrow. Another, stronger line of thunderstorms looks to approach and move across MEM beginning at around 02Z tomorrow evening. A PROB30 for -TSRA was added to account for this line at MEM. AEH && .MEG WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... AR...None. MO...None. MS...None. TN...None. && $$ PUBLIC FORECAST...JDS AVIATION...AEH
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Marquette MI
811 PM EDT Tue May 7 2024 .KEY MESSAGES... -Rain showers this afternoon and tonight to bring half an inch to an inch of rainfall to the area. Thunder chances are low, but are most likely (15-30%) along the MI/WI state line. - Multiple passing low pressure systems will keep rain chances in the forecast into early next week. && .SHORT TERM /THROUGH TONIGHT/... Issued at 242 PM EDT Tue May 7 2024 GOES-16 Day Cloud Phase imagery shows high cirrus over the eastern UP and east half of Lake Superior while a cumulus deck moves over the remainder of the region along with weakly convective shower activity along the MI/WI state line. RAP analysis shows a 984 mb low pressure over the ND/SD state line that is vertically stacked and not moving much over the past 3 hours. Rotating around the upper low are shortwaves that are supporting a now- occluded front which is pushing into the UP and causing the shower activity. CAMs show this shower activity overspreading the UP throughout the afternoon and evening. The QPF forecast has gone up a bit with the most recent run of the HREF, with the central UP now seeing slightly over 50% probabilities of an inch of rainfall compared to around 2/3 of an inch at the same probability the last couple of runs. Mean MUCAPE values are still meager, peaking at only around 100 J/kg along the MI/WI state line so the ~15% chance of thunderstorms remains the prevailing forecast along with no severe weather expected. RHs fell into the 20s and 30s ahead of the occluded front in the central and eastern UP this afternoon along with wind gusts around 25 mph, but with cirrus overrunning the region preventing RHs from falling further, expected reductions in wind with time, and the arrival of showers within the next 6 hours, fire weather concerns are low. && .LONG TERM /WEDNESDAY THROUGH TUESDAY/... Issued at 307 PM EDT Tue May 7 2024 Upper air pattern consists of a closed 500 mb low over South Dakota 12z Wed which moves into the upper Great Lakes 12z Thu. A shortwave over northern Saskatchewan 12z Thu dives southeast into the upper Great Lakes late Fri. Get a glancing blow from a shortwave to the south on Thu, otherwise pcpn ends by Wed afternoon. In the extended, the GFS and ECMWF show a 500 mb trough and closed low in the desert sw, a deep trough in the ern U.S. 12z Sat. The trough in the ern U.S. moves to the east 12z Sun with more shortwave energy poised to come into the area with a shortwave over Manitoba. This shortwave dives into the upper Great Lakes 12z Mon and into the lower Great Lakes 12z Tue. Temperatures look to be warming to above normal this forecast period with an active pattern of alberta clipper type systems moving through. One on Saturday, one Sunday. Looks unsettled for this forecast period with some fronts nearby, but no real strong systems to bring widespread rain at this point. && .AVIATION /00Z TAFS THROUGH 00Z THURSDAY/... Issued at 734 PM EDT Tue May 7 2024 After the initial band of showers moved through the terminals late this afternoon there will be a break in shower activity for at least the next couple hours with VFR conditions. Showers will move back in later this evening with a disturbance lifting north through Lower Mi. SAW will have the best chance to see steady rain from these showers later this evening into the overnight hours. Expect conditions to lower to MVFR and then IFR overnight at SAW and IWD in showers as an upslope n-ne flow develops on the backside of the associated sfc low moving toward the Straits later tonight. CMX also has a good chance to see a period showers and MVFR cigs with this second of wave of precip late evening into the early overnight, but then expect CMX to improve to VFR late tonight (08Z or after) and continuing into Wednesday as a downslope ne flow develops there. Conditions will be slower improve at IWD and SAW during the day on Wednesday under the n-ne wind flow with improvement to MVFR by late morning and then to VFR mid to late afternoon. && .MARINE... Issued at 307 PM EDT Tue May 7 2024 Easterly winds diminish to below 20 knots tonight before becoming northeast and increasing to 30 knots on Wed into Wed night. North to northeast winds drop below 20 knots on Thu and stay that way into Sun. && .MQT WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... Upper Michigan... None. Lake Superior... Small Craft Advisory until 9 PM EDT this evening for LSZ244>246. Lake Michigan... None. && $$ SHORT TERM...GS LONG TERM...07 AVIATION...Voss MARINE...07
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Mount Holly NJ
946 PM EDT Tue May 7 2024 .SYNOPSIS... An area of low pressure tracks by to our north late tonight and early Wednesday morning. This will be followed by a stronger area of low pressure moving across the region Thursday. This low will track east of the area Friday with additional upper level disturbances tracking through the area this weekend. A warmer, drier pattern looks to return early next week. && .NEAR TERM /THROUGH WEDNESDAY/... As of 935 PM, the last of the showers have dissipated with the loss of daytime heating. Mostly just some bands of mid to high level cloudiness streaming across our area. Some stratus and/or fog was along and off the Delaware Beaches at sunset, and some of this should expand northward and inland some late tonight as moisture is on the increase from the south and southwest. Slowed the PoP increase some from west to east overnight, as most of the guidance including the recent runs of the HRRR have the bulk of the showers/thunder closer to daybreak. Adjusted the hourly temperature, dew point, wind and sky grids to account for the latest observations and trends. Otherwise, low pressure pivots around the Great Lakes. As the associated warm front reaches the area, showers will commence. The heaviest and most widespread will be north of Philadelphia. A few thunderstorms are possible late as some instability is forecast to advect eastward late tonight in response to strengthening flow and low-level warm air advection. Rainfall amounts up to a third of an inch are anticipated. Overnight lows will be in the 50s to lower 60s. For Wednesday, the showers (and maybe a thunderstorm) associated with the warm front will be moving out in the morning. For most of us, it will be the first part of the morning. Clouds will diminish in the afternoon allowing temperatures to rise quite a bit. Wednesday`s highs will be the warmest of the week, with temperatures ranging from the upper 70s well north and west to the mid to upper 80s south away from the cooler waters. It will become breezy with southwest to west winds gusting 20-25 mph. There could be some isolated afternoon showers/storms developing, however the forcing for ascent is weak and this should limit the coverage. The model forecast soundings do show a well mixed boundary layer developing in the afternoon (inverted-V signature), and this could result in an isolated gusty thunderstorm. && .SHORT TERM /WEDNESDAY NIGHT THROUGH FRIDAY/... A fairly busy/active weather pattern persists across the area through the short term period. For Wednesday night, one low pressure system moves out to sea as it passes east of New England with a new low starting to move into the midwestern states. This will eventually push a warm front towards the area by Thursday morning which could start to bring in some showers/storms towards sunrise across eastern PA and Delmarva. Thursday is shaping up to be more unsettled as this next area of low pressure referenced above moves across the region bringing more widespread showers and storms. That said, there is still a lot of uncertainty on the track of this system which will have implications both on the high temperatures and the severe weather threat. Model consensus maintains a low tracking eastward near Delmarva which would limit how far north the warm front gets. Deep layer shear will be quite strong meaning anywhere near and south of the warm front will have a heightened severe weather threat Thursday afternoon into the evening but right now the most favored area looks to be over Delmarva and southern NJ. The Storm Prediction Center has a Marginal and Slight Risk for severe weather across this region. This could change, however, if the system and its warm front tracks farther north. Currently expect highs Thursday ranging from the upper 60s/low 70s north to the mid/upper 70s south but again, this is contingent on the track of the low. With an overall slower trend with the system, showers/storms could last through a good portion of Thursday night although any severe weather threat should diminish through the nighttime hours with the loss of daytime heating. On Friday surface, our earlier low pressure will track east of the region while an upper level trough axis lags behind and pushes through the mid Atlantic. This will keep chances for showers in the forecast, especially north (POPs ranging from around 40 percent south to 70 percent north), under generally overcast skies. It will also be cooler with highs mostly in the upper 50s to mid/upper 60s. && .LONG TERM /FRIDAY NIGHT THROUGH TUESDAY/... In the big picture, the weather pattern will remain on the unsettled side through the weekend as a long wave upper level trough lingers in the east. This should be followed by a drying trend into early next week. Heading into Saturday, chances for showers diminish, as the initial shortwave trough moves out and shortwave ridging builds in briefly for a time. However by late day the next disturbance will be approaching and this could bring some more showers back into the region, especially over eastern PA. So we keep the mention of shower chances in the forecast but POPs are generally only in the 20 to 30 percent range. Expect highs mainly in the 60s under a mix of sun and clouds so certainly not a washout. A better chance for showers arrives by Sunday as the next shortwave trough swings through (POPs 40 to 60 percent) and there will also be more in the way of cloud cover. Finally by early next week it should start to trend warmer and drier as the upper trough moves out and the flow over the east becomes more zonal. && .AVIATION /01Z WEDNESDAY THROUGH SUNDAY/... The following discussion is for KPHL, KPNE, KTTN, KABE, KRDG, KILG, KMIV, KACY and surrounding areas... Tonight...VFR conditions lower to MVFR/IFR overnight as areas of low clouds and patchy fog develop. Some showers expected after 06z. Southerly winds 4-8 knots becoming light and variable to locally calm. Low confidence in the timing and extent of the sub-VFR conditions. Wednesday...MVFR/IFR conditions in the morning as showers end, then improving to VFR. An isolated shower or thunderstorm possible in the afternoon. Southwest to west winds increasing to 10-15 knots with gusts to around 20 knots. Low confidence on how fast conditions improve in the morning. Outlook... Wednesday night through Sunday...Sub-VFR conditions favored at night in fog/mist and stratus, while VFR conditions overall during the day for most days. Chances for SHRA/TSRA throughout the period with sub-VFR conditions. More widespread SHRA with scattered TSRA Thursday afternoon and evening. && .MARINE... Tonight and Wednesday...Sub-SCA conditions. Some fog develops tonight before dissipating Wednesday morning. Outlook... Overall, sub-SCA conditions through the period. Scattered showers and thunderstorms will result in locally higher wind gusts and seas, with biggest impacts coming on Thursday afternoon and evening. && .TIDES/COASTAL FLOODING... Tidal ranges increasing this week as the new moon arrives this evening. Limited onshore flow means that there won`t be much in the way of serious flooding concerns, but still widespread minor tidal flooding is expected with the high tide this evening for Atlantic coastal zones, the Delaware Bay, and the tidal Delaware River. A Coastal Flood Advisory remains in effect for these areas. Another round of minor coastal flooding is probable for these areas with the high tide cycle Wednesday night. Flooding is not expected for our Maryland zones along the Chesapeake. && .PHI WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... PA...Coastal Flood Advisory from midnight tonight to 5 AM EDT Wednesday for PAZ070-071-104-106. NJ...Coastal Flood Advisory to 2 AM EDT Wednesday for NJZ016. Coastal Flood Advisory to 1 AM EDT Wednesday for NJZ012>014-020>027. Coastal Flood Advisory from midnight tonight to 5 AM EDT Wednesday for NJZ017>019. DE...Coastal Flood Advisory to 2 AM EDT Wednesday for DEZ001. Coastal Flood Advisory to 1 AM EDT Wednesday for DEZ002>004. MD...None. MARINE...None. && $$ SYNOPSIS...MJL NEAR TERM...Gorse/Kruzdlo SHORT TERM...Fitzsimmons/MJL LONG TERM...Fitzsimmons/MJL AVIATION...Gorse/Kruzdlo/MJL MARINE...Kruzdlo/MJL TIDES/COASTAL FLOODING...PHI
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Salt Lake City UT
340 PM MDT Tue May 7 2024 .SYNOPSIS...A slow moving upper level trough will gradually cut- off from the mean flow across southern Utah through the week. A gradual warming trend is expected...though diurnal showers and thunderstorms will remain possible across the higher terrain and adjacent valleys into the weekend, especially across central and southern Utah. && .SHORT TERM (Through 06Z Thursday)...Mountain snow showers and valley rain showers continue across northern Utah this afternoon. At times, very gusty winds have been reported with these showers, likely associated with higher momentum mix down and a relatively dry sub-cloud layer in the valleys. Afternoon upper air and satellite analysis indicates a broad, longwave trough remains across the central and western United State. The main forcing with this trough is shifting into the High Plains...however the backedge of the trough will gradually shift south and eventually cut-off from the mean flow by early in the long term forecast period. Expect showers to gradually end near to after sunset with the exception of a potential period of lake effect south and east of the Great Salt Lake. CAMS are nearly universal in developing a band of transitory precipitation, extending to near Parleys initially, then gradually shift to the Cottonwoods and then western Salt Lake County and eventually diminishing near to after 10-12Z. If the residence time in any one location were to last a few hours and precipitation changes to snow, slushy accumulations would be possible on area roads. The most likely location for this to occur would be the western side of the Salt Lake Valley between 08-12Z. This is something to monitor moving through the overnight period. Next up, the Freeze Warnings. Upgraded the watches to warnings for all zones and added the western Canyonlands zone for a >80% chance of freezing temperatures in these locations. Even in areas not currently expected to reach freezing such as Weber, Davis and Salt Lake Counties, patchy frost will be possible. Those who have vulnerable plants should either cover or bring them indoors. Finally, with modest cold air advection and 700mb flow impacting the gap area in Washington County, expect wind gusts to 50 mph near canyons including towns such as the aptly named Hurricane and Toquerville. Added a winter weather advisory for this location as well. Wednesday will feature occasional snow showers across the northern mountains, however, accumulations will be light. Do not anticipate the need to extend the winter storm warning. .LONG TERM (After 06Z Thursday)...Early Thursday a broad positive tilt trough will extend into the region, with a lobe of the trough gradually cutting off over Utah and slowly moving southwestward thereafter. This feature will then more or less churn somewhere in the UT/AZ/NV/CA border region into the weekend. In comparison to yesterday, guidance now is leaning in favor of this feature lingering a bit deeper into the weekend or even early next week before ejecting eastward out of the region, though uncertainty is still noted in how exactly the flow evolves. One of the impacts of this system will be the potential for downslope winds across prone areas in far northern Utah. By Thursday morning, most guidance moves the center of the trough/cutoff low far enough south to begin imparting easterly flow across northern Utah, and around 85% of ensemble members carry some sort of light cold air advection over the terrain (two necessary ingredients). High resolution guidance is just starting to come into view, and suggest downslope winds begin to pick up after 3am or so and peak sometime near or just after sunrise. Still early, but HRRR does show potential for gusts generally in the 35-50 mph range, primarily in prone areas of eastern Weber/Davis Counties. Thursday night into Friday morning the low becomes more favorably positioned, and ~80% of ensemble members (especially ECM Ens members) show an enhanced cold air advection component over the terrain. As a result, still thinking early Friday on into mid morning Friday or so show the greatest potential for stronger downslope winds. Currently thinking around ~60% chance to see gusts in excess of 45 mph in those typical downslope wind prone areas, and ~15% chance of gusts in excess of 60 mph. Will begin to get a better idea as high resolution guidance comes into view. Depending on the exact position of the low, it looks likely some sort of easterly gradient is maintained Friday night into Saturday morning, but almost all guidance ceases any notable cold advection. Higher uncertainty here, but initial thinking is maybe a few gusts, but probably much more marginal overall. As the low shifts around overhead or in relatively close vicinity to the forecast region, it will also limit stability and help maintain at least something of an unsettled day to day pattern. In general, expecting isolated to scattered showers (and maybe a thunderstorm or two), largely diurnally driven in nature, and with the highest coverage over the high terrain and adjacent valleys. Given guidance trending towards the low lingering longer into the weekend, if not early next week, this will likely be the day to day pattern for much of the long term period. Once the low splits off from the parent trough, initially very cold H7 temperatures will begin to moderate day over day. This will impart a warming trend over the forecast region, with Thursday afternoon highs around 5-10 degrees below climatological normal increasing to near normal by Saturday, and likely slightly above normal by Sunday on into early next week. && .AVIATION...KSLC...Scattered rain showers will continue through roughly 01z, with gusty and erratic winds and lowered CIGs to 4000 ft AGL possible near these showers. There is also a 25% chance for thunder over KSLC, as well as graupel. Gusty west- northwesterly winds as high as 40kts will continue until roughly 01-02z. Overnight (~04-12z), a band of lake-effect showers is possible, mainly to the west of KSLC. However, there is still a 30% chance that this band directly impacts the terminal, bringing a transition to snow and low (15%) chance for IFR conditions. .REST OF UTAH AND SOUTHWEST WYOMING...Scattered showers will continue mainly north of KDTA through roughly 03z. These showers will be capable of producing gusty and erratic outflow winds and MVFR-IFR conditions (especially at sites above ~6000ft ASL that will receive snow). Lake-effect showers are possible over the western Salt Lake Valley overnight, potentially impacting KU42. Gusty northwesterly winds will likely decrease after sunset across all but far southern UT (south of KMLF). A weak front pushing through southern UT later this evening will produce a transition to gusty northerly to northeasterly winds overnight. KSGU may waver between gusty northeasterly winds and light westerly winds overnight (40% chance of the lighter winds). There is also a 30% chance that KENV could see gusts exceeding 25kts overnight. && .FIRE WEATHER...While the mountain snow showers and valley rain showers will gradually end tonight, the system responsible for this precipitation is going to slowly shift southward and largely remain across the region through the weekend. Sensible weather- wise, this will mean a gradual warming trend as this area of cut- off low pressure weakens, with showers and thunderstorms possible along the higher terrain and adjacent valleys each afternoon and evening into the weekend. && .SLC WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... UT...Freeze Warning from midnight tonight to noon MDT Wednesday for UTZ102-103-106-121-130. Winter Storm Warning until midnight MDT tonight for UTZ110>112. Wind Advisory from 9 PM this evening to 8 AM MDT Wednesday for UTZ123. WY...None. && $$ Kruse/Warthen/Cunningham For more information from NOAA`s National Weather Service visit... http://weather.gov/saltlakecity