Forecast Discussions mentioning any of "HRRR" "RAP" "RUC13" "RUC" "RR" received at GSD on 09/08/23


Area Forecast Discussion...UPDATED
National Weather Service Aberdeen SD
614 PM CDT Thu Sep 7 2023 .UPDATE... Issued at 609 PM CDT Thu Sep 7 2023 Made some minor adjustments to hourly pops this evening. Also added in some patcy smoke across the Missouri River valley since observations indicate visibilities around 4 to 5 miles in some lingering near surface smoke. The HRRR smoke indicates this may last through early Friday morning. && .SHORT TERM...(This Evening through Friday Night) Issued at 306 PM CDT Thu Sep 7 2023 The main forecast challenge in the near term revolves around precipitation chances this evening across the south, then again across the much of the area Friday night. An upper level shortwave currently over southwestern South Dakota will slide southeastward late this afternoon and early this evening, just clipping the far southwestern CWA. Weak ridging builds over the area late tonight and Friday before another, albeit weaker, shortwave tracks across the area Friday night. At the surface, ongoing shower and thunderstorm activity over parts of the southern CWA will exit the area later this afternoon. Additional precipitation is expected to develop with the first aforementioned shortwave, but most of the CAMS indicate it will stay south of the CWA. Weak low pressure will remain over the area tonight and Friday, but do not expect to see any precipitation associated with it until the second aforementioned shortwave reaches the area Friday night. Best timing looks to be after midnight, with all but the far eastern CWA seeing a decent chance of some rain before sunrise Saturday morning. Instability will be fairly weak during this time, but will see some shear values in excess of 40 knots at times, so cannot rule out some convective activity. Low temperatures tonight will be in the lower to mid 50s. High temperatures on Friday will be in the 80s. Lows Friday night will be in the mid to upper 50s. .LONG TERM...(Saturday through Thursday) Issued at 306 PM CDT Thu Sep 7 2023 When the period opens Saturday morning, a precipitation event is expected to be ongoing. The system`s forcing/lift and associated precipitation should be departing the CWA by Saturday evening. Then, for the time being, the majority of the rest of the extended appears dry, although NBM`s PoPs may eventually begin to smear some WAA- forcing low-end slt chance values across portions of the CWA toward the end of the period (Thursday/Thursday night) with the advent of the next upper low moving east-southeast through the central/south- central region of Canada. There are two things happening in the extended, regarding upper steering flow. The first thing is, when the period opens, there is split flow happening over the western CONUS with a high-amplitude upper ridge extending up into western Canada and more zonal flow undercutting it further down across the mid-section of the U.S. It is for this reason (split flow) that there is generally low to moderate forecast confidence in how things will play out in the out periods. Meanwhile, the eastern half of NOAM is influenced by longwave troughiness in one form or another. By the end of the period, this western NOAM upper ridge is being redirected/shunted south and east across the region, while the eastern NOAM upper trof reinforces itself, and eventually a whole new upper ridge emerges over the U.S. west coast. This amounts to mainly weak upper flow or northwest flow over the CWA. During this time cooler air will be advected into the CWA Saturday into Sunday. But, without a really good pattern in which to warm air advect in the low levels, this coolish airmass will warm mainly through airmass moderation from daytime insulation over time. Right at the end of the period, when the next upper low out over Canada moves east to reinforce the eastern NOAM upper level longwave troffing, this CWA will get into a period of low to mid-level WAA/forcing and potentially some WAA rain showers. Until then, expect temperatures to be running seasonably warm to, perhaps, a few degrees below climo normal for mid-September. && .AVIATION...(For the 00Z TAFS through 00Z Friday Evening) Issued at 609 PM CDT Thu Sep 7 2023 Terminals KABR,KATY,KPIR,KMBG VFR conditions will prevail across the east. Near surface smoke is expected to cause MVFR vsby near KMBG and KPIR tonight with improvement sometime Friday morning. && .ABR WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... SD...None. MN...None. && $$ UPDATE...Wise SHORT TERM...Parkin LONG TERM...Dorn AVIATION...Wise
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
National Weather Service Wakefield VA
956 PM EDT Thu Sep 7 2023 .SYNOPSIS... A weak trough of low pressure is in place across the region this evening, with a cold front approaching the Appalachians from the west. The front will continue approaching from the west on Friday, and will become nearly stationary across the region over the weekend, bringing a chance for showers and thunderstorms, with temperatures cooling down to near normal. && .NEAR TERM /UNTIL 8 AM FRIDAY MORNING/... As of 910 PM EDT Thursday... Latest sfc analysis reveals an upper level trough axis from Ontario S to the eastern Gulf coast, with a portion of this trough starting to become cutoff from the TN Valley into AL/GA/northern FL. A weakening cold front is located along the western slope of the Appalachians, and with ample instability earlier today out ahead of the front, along with steep low and mid level lapse rates, the storms across the piedmont and into metro RIC brought some strong/locally damaging winds, hail, and locally heavy rain. THis was in spite of rather weak deep layer shear of only ~20kt. With the loss of daytime heating, the storms have weakened considerably, though some gusty winds and brief heavy downpours will persist for a few more hrs. Temperatures have dropped ~30F since this aftn in portions of central VA that had the heavy rain (from upper 90s/around 100F to the upper 60s/lower 70s), while areas that have remained rain-free across SE VA and NE NC still in the 80s. Diminishing PoPs overnight, with patchy fog possible in the piedmont, especially where it rained. Lows range from the mid to upper 60s across the piedmont, to the low-mid 70s across the eastern shore, as well as SE VA and NE NC. && .SHORT TERM /8 AM FRIDAY MORNING THROUGH SUNDAY/... As of 310 PM EDT Thursday... The upper trough remains centered just to our west on Friday with the trough axis potentially moving a bit farther to the east. The surface cold front struggles to push eastward as it becomes nearly parallel to the flow aloft (and likely remains to our west through the end of the week). Still some uncertainty regarding coverage of convection tomorrow. Some CAMs, like the HRRR keep the area dry until late in the afternoon, then bring decent coverage for NW portions, while others initiate convection in south-central/south eastern portions of the area earlier in the afternoon before bringing a line of storms through. The best chc of storms is west of a Tappahannock- Wakefield-Ahoskie line. The highest tstm chances are during the aftn/evening before the convection gradually weakens overnight. PoPs are ~40-50% across far NW portions of the FA, 30-50% along the I-95 corridor, and only 20-30% near the coast. There is a low but non-zero threat for locally damaging wind gusts on Fri with the strongest storms. SPC again has the NW half of the area in a MRGL risk. The upper trough lingers just to our west on Saturday with scattered showers/tstms once again expected (with the highest coverage during the aftn/evening). The highest PoPs are once again west of I-95, but even coastal zones will have a better chc of precipitation on Sat than Fri as upper heights finally start falling a bit by late in the day. Highs on Fri will be in the low 90s, then mid to upper 80s Sat. Locally heavy rain is possible (mainly along/west of I-95) on both Fri and Sat, but this should not cause any major issues given the dry antecedent conditions. Still looking unsettled Sunday as the upper trough finally pushes into the local area and the sfc front stalls. Precip chances increase through the day. Highest PoPs are once again in NW counties at ~60%, 40-55% elsewhere. Highs will be in the upper 70s for far western counties and low-mid 80s elsewhere. && .LONG TERM /SUNDAY NIGHT THROUGH THURSDAY/... As of 310 PM EDT Thursday... During the early week period, the trough will broaden, keeping the flow south-westerly. With the front stalling over the area, there will still be a chance for afternoon/evening thunderstorms on Mon and Tues. It does look drier than the weekend, though, as the front washes out. Precip chances increase again mid-week as a stronger low pressure aloft dives out of central Canada into the Great lakes with a stronger front approaching at the surface. Highs will range from the low 80s well inland to the mid-upper 80s near the coast Mon/Tues, then a few degrees cooler on Wednesday. && .AVIATION /02Z FRIDAY THROUGH TUESDAY/... As of 800 PM EDT Thursday... VFR conditions have returned to all main terminals (RIC had strong winds and brief heavy rain in tstms at the start of the TAF period). Still seeing a few tstms mainly across east central VA, and into the mid/upper Ches Bay, so there is a low chc that SBY could briefly see showers through ~04Z, but have left this out of the TAF for now. Otherwise, mainly VFR overnight, with patchy fog possible W of I-95, unlikely to affect any of the main terminals. VFR w/ southerly winds around 10kt on Fri. Scattered late day tstms are expected, but w/ too low of a coverage to include mention in any of the TAFs. Outlook: Evening tstm chances increase Friday (especially at RIC) ahead of an approaching cold front. The front likely lingers over the area into this weekend, with variable clouds and at least scattered showers and storms possible at all terminals both Saturday and Sunday (primarily in the aftn/evening). Generally drier w/ only a slight chc for showers/storms Monday/Tuesday. && .MARINE... As of 320 PM EDT Thursday... Main message on the marine side is conditions overall remain sub-SCA through the early-middle part of next week before long-period swell from Hurricane Lee begins affecting the local waters. South winds 5-15 kt will continue into tonight, except for local seabreeze influences through the evening. There`s the possibility of some gusts up to 20 kt for a couple of hours through 10 pm for the Bay but not worthy of an SCA at this time. Cold front gradually approaches the area through Sat before stalling inland over the weekend. S-SSE winds of 10-15 kt are expected Fri-Sun. Seas remain 2-3 ft and waves 1-2 ft through most of the forecast period. Looking into the extended period, global model guidance agrees that Hurricane Lee will slowly be moving NW out of the ern Caribbean into next week. Long-period swell will likely reach the area waters by the middle of next week w/ elevated seas possible. && .CLIMATE... New daily record set at SBY again today (Thu), and a tie at ECG with other terminals again falling short. Highs in the 90s are expected on Friday, but additional record highs are currently not forecast. Since it might be close, have added Fri record highs to the list below. This heatwave will end after Friday, and its is `possible` that there will not be any additional 90-degree+ temperatures for the rest of the year. * The last time RIC had 2 consecutive days with a high of 100+ was July 7-8th, 2012 (the last time in September was 3 consecutive 5th/6th/7th in 1954). For reference, Septembers with the most days reaching 90/95/100 degrees are also listed. *also in earlier years ** denoted new daily record high temperature * Date: Wed 9/6 (Actual) Thu 9/7 (Actual) Fri 9/8 * RIC: 102/1954 (101) 103/1954 (100) 97 (1954) * ORF: 98/1899 (93) 98/1954 (96) 96 (1985) * SBY: 95/1983 (**97) 95/1943 (**97) 96 (1939) * ECG: 98/1954 (96) 95/1985 (**95) 98 (1985) Most 90F+/95+/100+ Days in September: 90F+ Days 95+ Days 100+ Days * RIC: 15 in 1970 9 in 1930 3 in 1954 * ORF: 10 in *1930 6 in 1985 2 in 1895 * SBY: 16 in 1930 4 in 1930 1 in 1932 * ECG: 10 in *2018 7 in 1985 (none) && .AKQ WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... MD...None. NC...None. VA...None. MARINE...None. && $$ SYNOPSIS...ERI NEAR TERM...AM/LKB SHORT TERM...AM/ERI LONG TERM...AM AVIATION...AM/LKB MARINE...JDM/SW CLIMATE...
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Cheyenne WY
1006 PM MDT Thu Sep 7 2023 .SHORT TERM...(This evening through Friday) Issued at 253 PM MDT Thu Sep 7 2023 Continuing to see gusty west to northwest winds this afternoon around 25-35 mph behind a compact shortwave passing through the area. Mostly clear skies continue across southeast WY and western NE with temperatures in the upper 70s and 80s. A few storms have begun to develop over the Black Hills this afternoon moving southeast. These storms could track into portions of Dawes Co, otherwise precipitation chances are near-zero for the remainder of the CWA. Quasi- zonal flow with multiple passing shortwaves overtop of the upper level high centered over AZ/NM will continue Friday. Dry boundary layers and PW ranging from 0.4-0.6" will limit precipitation potential, but cannot rule out isolated storm or two developing in the NE Panhandle Friday afternoon. CAMs are showing disagreement in coverage, but shows attempts at CI in the 22-00z time frame with up to 500 J/kg of MLCAPE available. However, latest HRRR and NAMnest have nearly a 20 degree surface dew point discrepancy over the northern NE Panhandle Friday afternoon with southerly flow east of the lee trough. Temperatures will again be in the 80s to low 90s Friday afternoon before a cooler, wetter pattern arrives for the weekend. .LONG TERM...(Saturday through Thursday) Issued at 253 PM MDT Thu Sep 7 2023 A wet weekend into early portions of the work week is expected. A cold front passes through Saturday and decreases temperatures significantly for Sunday. Best precipitation chances for Sunday into Monday as easterly surface flow coupled with a favorable synoptic pattern enhances lift across the region. Weak upper-level ridging will be in place across the southwestern CONUS Saturday and through most of the weekend with near-zonal flow over Wyoming. A 500mb shortwave pushes through the area Saturday afternoon and evening with modest cyclonic vorticity advection and an associated surface low. Surface flow turns easterly with the passage of this low pressure system Saturday afternoon and evening, promoting upslope flow across areas east of the Laramie Range. The surface low drags a modest cold front across the region and drops temperatures into the 60s and 70s across the CWA for Sunday. Easterly surface flow continues on Sunday as an upper-level jet streak develops over the CWA due to tightening height gradients at 250mb. This jetstreak places the region in a favorable location for synoptic lift. With PW values increasing to nearly an inch in the Panhandle and nearly 0.80in in southeast Wyoming, enhanced synoptic lift and surface upslope flow significantly increase precipitation chances for Sunday. Sunday into Monday looks to be the best day for widespread precipitation, so kept PoPs near 65-70% for much of the southeast Wyoming and western Nebraska. On Monday, an upper-level shortwave pushes into the region from the northwest and continues the trend of increased precipitation chances through Monday evening. PW values are lower on Monday for the Panhandle, with PW values around 0.80in, and similar PW values across southeast Wyoming. Unsettled weather continues through the remaining long term as northwest flow develops aloft and daily, isolated precipitation chances return to the CWA. There is some disagreement between the GFS and ECMWF after Monday in regards to the upper-level trough over southern Canada and the northern Midwest. The ECMWF suggests a more neutrally-tilted trough with a strong jetstreak, while the GFS likes a broader, positively-tilted trough with a much smaller jetstreak. While this trough will not impact the western CONUS directly, the flow to the west of the trough will. The GFS suggests a weaker, less defined ridge over the western CONUS with a shortwave trough over the CWA. The ECMWF on the other hand suggests a stronger ridge in place over the CWA with due northerly flow overhead. Trended PoPs towards the GFS solution, which suggests precipitation chances over the CWA, but kept PoPs very low due to the uncertainty. Kept a weak warming trend from Monday onward, increasing temperatures only around a few degrees a day. Will need to continue to monitor long range models to determine if the GFS or ECMWF solution looks more plausible. && .AVIATION...(For the 06Z TAFS through 06Z Friday night) Issued at 1004 PM MDT Thu Sep 7 2023 Dry westerly flow aloft will prevail. Wyoming TAFS...Skies will remain mostly clear. Sufficient gradients will support wind gusts to 25 knots from 15Z to 01Z. Nebraska TAFS...Skies will remain mostly clear. && .FIRE WEATHER... Issued at 233 PM MDT Thu Sep 7 2023 Elevated fire weather conditions today with afternoon RHs around 20 percent and gusty west to northwest winds 25-35 MPH. However, these conditions have not been overlapping with areas were fuels are ready so no Red Flag Warnings are in effect today. Will see elevated fire weather conditions again Friday, especially across Carbon Co through Converse Co with afternoon RHs 10-15 percent. Could see gusty winds, but should remain below critical thresholds. The one area to watch will be southwest Carbon Co that may see occasional gusts to 25 MPH. Precipitation chances increase headed into the weekend, limiting fire weather concerns. && .CYS WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... WY...None. NE...None. && $$ SHORT TERM...MB LONG TERM...AM AVIATION...RUBIN FIRE WEATHER...MB
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Dodge City KS
623 PM CDT Thu Sep 7 2023 ...Updated Aviation Discussion... .SHORT TERM...(This evening through Friday night) Issued at 128 PM CDT Thu Sep 7 2023 An area of surface low pressure was centered across the Oklahoma Panhandle early this afternoon with an attendant developing warm front oriented north to south. There is some surface dew point enhancement right ahead of this feature, because of a southerly fetch of higher theta-e air out of Oklahoma, resulting in up to 1500 j/kg CAPE from around DDC south and southeast late this afternoon. This is completely diurnally driven and will quickly fade after 00 UTC, with CAMS showing no real attempt at convective development in that immediate area. Today will be the hottest day of the week as the warm front and weak downslope This afternoon aids the full insolation, and winds weaken the next couple of days. A smoky sky is still in place across the eastern section of the forecast area and shows up with HRRR modeled moderate vertically integrated smoke concentrations ( 10-30 mg/m2) in the far north and eastern forecast area. This area of higher concentrations gets washed out I the afternoon with the changing pattern, and mid to upper jet maximum lifting out of the region. .LONG TERM...(Saturday through Thursday) High confidence (80 percent) exists in a rain event that will essentially give the entire forecast area measurable rainfall in the Late Sunday night through Monday time-frame. This will coincide with what the models and ensembles are showing as break in the synoptic ridging pattern, as a southwest US zonal jet impinging on the central Rockies late this weekend, phases with the deeper cold advection from the northern Plains and a plunge of cold air into the upper Midwest. Nothing here fits a widespread severe weather pattern for any timeframe late weekend or early next week, although any CAPE along the prefrontal trough Saturday will contribute to a widely scattered (up to 5 percent areal coverage) hail risk out west of Garden City. The highest confidence window for rain is after 00 Monday, and through the overnight, through around the end of the daytime hours on Monday. The ECMWF and GFS ensemble mean Total QPF plumes support at least one inch of rainfall for Elkhart, Dodge City and Hays, basically most of the forecast area. The combination of cool advection and residual clouds, tempers the ensemble spreads for maximum and minimum temperatures Monday – as the 25th to 75th percentile Max Temp is squarely centered in the 60s for afternoon highs at Hays. Only a gradual adjustments to higher temperatures is being offered by the ensemble means, but a volatile ensemble spread with the 90th percentile into the mid 80s by Wednesday (almost certain to be cooler than that). && .AVIATION...(For the 00Z TAFS through 00Z Friday evening) Issued at 612 PM CDT Thu Sep 7 2023 At 23z Thursday multiple surface boundaries were located across southwest Kansas which were resulting in variable winds at 10 knots or less. These variable winds will continue into the evening hours but will gradually become more easterly at less than 10 knots by 03z Friday. East winds at less than 10 knots overnight will increase into the 10 to 15 knot range between 15z and 18z Friday. Later shifts will need to monitor the potential for a return of reduced visibility (4-5sm) due to smoke after 09z Friday if the HRRR near-surface smoke is correct. At this time confidence is less than 50% of this occurring so did not introduce any reduction in visibility in the 00z TAFS. && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... DDC 62 93 61 91 / 0 0 0 10 GCK 60 91 60 89 / 0 0 0 10 EHA 59 93 60 91 / 0 0 0 10 LBL 59 93 59 91 / 0 0 0 10 HYS 60 90 60 91 / 10 0 0 10 P28 66 93 63 91 / 10 0 0 0 && .DDC WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... NONE. && $$ SHORT TERM...Russell LONG TERM...Russell AVIATION...Burgert
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
National Weather Service Kansas City/Pleasant Hill MO
658 PM CDT Thu Sep 7 2023 .Discussion... Issued at 154 PM CDT THU SEP 7 2023 Key Messages: -Unhealthy air quality expected this afternoon due to smoke from Canadian wildfires. Conditions expected to improve after sunset. -Mainly quiet forecast with highs mainly in the 80s through the weekend -Low end chance for some showers and thunderstorms this evening and overnight but most will stay dry Details: Today our weather will continue to be dominated a ridging across the western United States. At the surface, a high pressure across Manitoba has pushed south into the region, allowing for light northeasterly winds and a dry airmass today. Hazy conditions will continue to be a concern through the afternoon with Canadian wildfire smoke continuing across the region. With high pressure in places, expect this smoke to make it to the surface today. This is in agreement with the HRRR smoke model showing highest smoke concentrations at the surface and 1000 feet. With surface smoke, expect air quality to be moderate to unhealthy across the CWA. Impacts may be especially felt for sensitive groups. Outside of smoke concerns, expect a quiet weather day with highs in the low to mid 80s and light winds through the afternoon. Smoke conditions will improve this evening and overnight. Overnight a weak mid level shortwave will round the ridge bringing chances for shower and thunderstorms across Nebraska. CAMs continue to indicate low end chances for some isolated showers or a thunderstorms moving into northern parts of the area. In general though, its more likely that most will stay dry with drier air in place tonight. Additionally, strong storm potential is not expected with limited instability, but lower end wind gusts may still be possible within any shower or storm. Otherwise expect this activity to diminish by Friday morning. A fairly stagnant upper pattern will be in place for the remainder of the week into the weekend. The upper ridging will have little movement with a few shortwaves passing through this weekend and into next week. This will bring a few low end chances of precipitation chances Sunday into early next week. Temperatures are expected to be mild Friday through Sunday topping out in the low to mid 80s each day. We may finally see the pattern shift Monday into Tuesday as troughing across Canada sinks south pushing a cold front through the area, bringing better potential for precipitation and cooler temperatures next week. Highs next week are expected to be below normal and in the 70s into the mid week. && .Aviation...(For the 00Z TAFS through 00Z Friday Evening) Issued at 627 PM CDT THU SEP 7 2023 Hazy conditions are expected to last a little past midnight. Winds will be weak from the east around 0-5kts for the duration of the TAF period. Current satellite imagery shows a layer of clouds around 10,000 ft moving towards eastern KS and western MO. && .EAX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... KS...NONE. MO...NONE. && $$ Discussion...HB Aviation...Collier
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
National Weather Service Hastings NE
722 PM CDT Thu Sep 7 2023 ...Aviation Update... .DISCUSSION...(This evening through Thursday) Issued at 450 PM CDT Thu Sep 7 2023 Key Messages: * Poor air quality will continue to impact the region for about another 24 hours, or so. * There is a Marginal Risk for a few severe thunderstorms this evening into early overnight, mainly north of the Tri-Cities. * A stronger storm system will bring better and more widespread rain and thunderstorm chances this weekend into early next week. Once again, there is a Marginal Risk for a few severe thunderstorms with the initial cold front Saturday afternoon and evening. * Expect much cooler and more fall-like temperatures for the brunt of next week. Forecast Details: It`s been a fairly quiet and warm day across the area thus far, though once again on the smokey/hazy side. Visibility has been reduced to 4-5sm in spots, even this aftn despite better mixing, and PM 2.5 levels remain in the "Unhealthy" category per the NDOT sensor near GI. 12Z HRRR backed off of bringing any significant relief to the area today or tonight as it appears any push of cleaner air remains W of the area this aftn, and any tstm development remains fairly spotty/limited tonight. Thus, after collaboration with surrounding offices and NDEE, the Air Quality Alert has been extended into Fri aftn. Hopefully by then additional mixing and incr deep layer flow will be enough to see improving conditions at the surface. Tstm chcs will be on the incr this eve, at least for N portions of the CWA, as a quick moving disturbance slides through the area. Tstm chcs look to stem from two main areas/regimes: 1)southward extension/development of WAA-driven activity currently running from around Sioux Falls to Norfolk and 2)within field of agitated CU in hot/deeply mixed environment over NW Sandhills. The former area could pose a risk anytime within next few hrs, with the later area probably not affecting far NW zones until after ~01Z per latest HRRR trends. There remains a Marginal Risk of severe per SPC, though the areal coverage has decr compared to earlier outlooks. Deep layer shear is strong thanks to veering in low to mid levels and decent H5 speed max, but instability is certainly lacking given dew points only in the 50s. Latest CAMs suggest main window being 01Z to 05Z and limited to areas mainly N of the Tri-Cities. Marginally severe hail would probably be the main threat, though gusty winds can`t be ruled out. Quiet, but warm, conditions are expected Fri into Fri night with aftn high temps ranging from mid 80s to low 90s. Should be great early-fall conditions for area football games Fri eve as temps fall back from the low 80s around 7PM to upper 60s to 70s by 10PM amidst light winds and improving air quality. Pattern becomes more active this weekend as a decent trough moves into the Great Lakes region and forces a cold front into central Plains. The initial arrival of the sfc front looks to be into NW zones at some point Sat aftn-eve and perhaps provide enough forcing for scat sfc based tstms. Models are somewhat mixed with this potential as low level moisture again looks to be lacking. Areas ahead of the front will see warm conditions once again, and gut feeling is that magnitude of mixing combined with decent sfc convergence invof low pressure/triple point somewhere near/just W of far W CWA, will indeed be enough to spark some sct tstms after 21Z. Deep layer shear should be sufficient for svr activity given substantial veering with height and at least modest H7-H5 wrly flow ~30kt, with overall instability again being potential limiting factor. Some models suggest a potentially narrow tongue of enhanced low level moisture immediately ahead of/SE of aforementioned triple point, which if it indeed pans out could lead to a few hr window for somewhat enhanced svr threat over far W/NW zones, but confidence on these details is still limited. None of the models barrel the front through the area Sat night and instead keep a nearly stationary boundary draped across at least portions of the CWA through the remainder of the weekend. Thus, would expect iso-scat tstms to continue and/or redevelop off and on Sun into Sun night. Models have even lesser instability on Sun due to incr poor mid level lapse rates - so anything more than iso/marginal svr threat appears unlikely at this time. Models suggest overall-greatest shwr/tstm chcs/coverage should come Sun aftn into Sun night, esp. for areas W and S of Tri-Cities, as additional upper level support in the form of coupled upper jet, deep layer frontogenesis, and mid level height falls overspread the area. Am a bit concerned models are over-doing the the NE extent of pcpn (which would include the Tri-Cities N and E) as sometimes these types of events tend to "hug" the higher terrain further W and low level dry air filters in from the NE. Nonetheless, looks to be the best rain chcs most of the CWA has seen in quite some time. Should see gradual drying trend on Mon as upper trough continues to dig through N Plains/Upper MS Valley and force the front even further S/SE. Other than perhaps a return of Canadian smoke (???), the biggest story next week will be the much cooler and more fall-like temperatures with highs in the upper 60s-70s and lows in the upper 40s-50s (possibly even low 40s(!) Tue AM for mainly areas like LXN to ODX) expected each day. Assuming smoke doesn`t become a significant issue in the cool Nrly flow, should see prolonged period of excellent conditions for outdoor activities next week. && .AVIATION...(For the 00Z KGRI/KEAR TAFS through 00Z Saturday) Issued at 721 PM CDT Thu Sep 7 2023 - General overview: High confidence in VFR ceiling throughout the period and and rain/thunderstorm-free conditions through at least the vast majority of the period. That leaves the following primary 3 concerns: 1) reduced visibility from Canadian wildfire smoke (MVFR probable through much of the period)...2) at least a brief window- of- opportunity for a passing thunderstorm this evening (especially at KGRI), which could yield gusty outflow winds and perhaps small hail...3) Even if no thunderstorms directly affect KGRI/KEAR and remain off to the north (currently deemed the most favorable scenario), there are increasing signs that an outflow boundary could arrive later this evening and "disrupt" the prevailing wind field with a few hours of more northerly winds. - Wildfire-smoke related visibility details: Although KEAR is starting off high-end VFR, based on nearby obs and best-available model data (honestly this is more of a "best guess" given that models are struggling in this unusual smoke regime), expect MVFR to prevail through most of the first 18 hours of the period at both sites. Have indicated a return to low-end VFR for the final 6 hours Friday afternoon as gradual improvement in low-level smoke concentration continues...but again this is not an overly-high confidence situation. - Thunderstorm details: Although some of the latest/usually-reliable short-term model data keep any isolated/scattered thunderstorm activity this evening at least 30-50 miles north of KGRI/KEAR, it appears that it could be just enough of a "close call" for KGRI that decided to introduce a generic "vicinity thunderstorm" (VCTS) 03-06Z, with KEAR looking "safer" and thus have kept VCTS out for now. IF any storms do directly impact especially KGRI, gusty outflow winds of 30+KT and perhaps small hail cannot be ruled out. - Winds: Aside from any possible thunderstorm outflow-related influences, winds should not be a significant concern, with the vast majority of the period likely to feature sustained speeds near-to-below 10KT out of a southeasterly or easterly direction. However, there are signs that especially the 04-06Z time frame this evening could feature the arrival of a convective outflow boundary that could abruptly shifts winds to some variation of northerly, with at least brief gusts of 20+KT possible. This is currently not reflected in 00Z TAFs, but will monitor upstream obs/trends for possible amendments. && .GID WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... NE...NONE. KS...NONE. && $$ DISCUSSION...Thies AVIATION...Pfannkuch
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Goodland KS
900 PM MDT Thu Sep 7 2023 .SHORT TERM...(This evening through Saturday night) Issued at 244 PM MDT Thu Sep 7 2023 Across the region this afternoon, skies are sunny with some filtered sunshine in eastern locales. Temperatures as of 200 PM MDT are ranging in the upper 80s into the mid 90s. With a dryline/boundary slowly trudging eastward from Colorado, winds are split over the area with southerly flow east of Highway 27 and northerly flow along/west of Highway 27. Gusts around 25 mph have been occurring. For the remainder of the afternoon, the main wx concerns will focus on the potential for a few hours of elevated/near critical fire wx conditions over northeast Colorado and adjacent KS/NE counties. Dewpts are about 10-15 degrees less than those locales east of the boundary. Continued drying on the northerly fetch will occur through sunset, with isolated spots approaching 25 mph or higher. While there could be a few isolated areas that could hit criteria, it may only occur for an hour or so. For this evening, conditions will decrease out west. For the east, a few hours of some lingering patchy smoke are possible, but the latest RAP NCEP smoke guidance shows only far E/NE zones to be impacted, but only to 5-6sm visibility reduction. Going into Friday, guidance continues placement of the upper ridge over the southern Plains, giving the CWA zonal flow aloft. At the surface, models show a low forming south of the CWA will amplify into the eastern Colorado region late in the day. Northerly flow over the area in the morning will eventually shift to an east- southeast fetch by late afternoon. Above normal warmth will continue area-wide as a result. Areas Highway 27 and west will see low RH readings through the day, but winds below Red Flag criteria. As a result looking for a few hours of elevated conditions. For the late afternoon hours into the evening timeframe, the switch to a southerly flow will push increased low level moisture into the CWA from east to west. The amplified inverted trough over eastern Colorado will begin to move east into the Plains during the evening. The increased moisture and instability along the boundary could trigger a few isolated rw/trw for NW zones through 06z Saturday. Elevated, inverted-V soundings bring DCape into the 1500-1600 j/kg range. Some limited SBCape/MUCape, but any storms looked to be elevated with a wind threat should storms occur. Going into Saturday, upper ridge shifts slightly westward, allowing a shortwave to pass through the region. This, in tandem with the aforementioned surface trough/boundary that meanders slowly E/SE, with trigger a round of rw/trw. Model soundings show potential for severe storms as SBCape/MUCape around 3000 j/kg around 00z Sunday and DCape 1500-1600 j/kg. SPC does have the much of the CWA under a Marginal risk w/ wind/hail threats. On top of this, the southerly flow ahead of the front will bring in ample low level moisture as PW values will approach 1-1.4" especially for eastern locales, resulting in potentially locally heavy rainfall and so flash flooding threat will have to be monitored. These conditions expected to persist into the evening hours. For temps, above normal warmth expected over the region in the short term. Looking for daytime highs to top off in the upper 80s to the mid 90s. Overnight lows will have a range from the mid 50s to mid 60s, with the warmest timeframe on Friday night ahead of expected precip to start off the weekend. .LONG TERM...(Sunday through Thursday) Issued at 259 PM MDT Thu Sep 7 2023 At the beginning of the long term period, forecast guidance depicts the CWA having a westerly flow aloft being underneath an upper air ridge over the southwestern CONUS with an upper air trough over the southeastern CONUS on Sunday morning. Models then project a shortwave disturbance making its way over the CWA on Sunday evening though keeping the overall ridge-trough pattern. Going through Monday, models show a weak trough over the CWA during the morning hours. This trough looks to be absorbed within the base of a larger positively tilted upper trough over eastern Canada/Great Lakes/Northern Plains regions during the evening hours as the CWA`s upper air flow turns more west-northwesterly. Long term models start to diverge from their solutions crossing into Tuesday as the ECMWF has the trough axis passing over the CWA in the early morning hours while the GFS delays it until late Tuesday with both models showing a positively tilted ridge building behind it over the Northern Plains. The GFS shows another evening upper air shortwave just west of the CWA in its solution. The differences in the upper air pattern compound on Wednesday with ECMWF showing a ridge moving over the CWA while the GFS has the CWA more underneath the backside of trough now over the Great Lakes. The uncertainty between long term models grows on Thursday as the GFS shows a northwesterly flow over the CWA throughout the day being between a western ridge and an eastern trough while ECMWF shows the CWA between the eastern trough and another weaker trough over the Rocky Mountains. Will monitor future model runs going forward to see which solution becomes the favorite as there is a good amount of uncertainty particularly in the later days of the long term period. Precipitation chances continue to be seen each day with Sunday appearing to have the best chances as models show a cold front passing through the region. Long term models continue to show PWAT values around 1 to 1.5 inches within the region while current QPF looks to range between to 0.25 and 1.25 inches. Upon looking at model convective parameters for Sunday, latest runs show some areas having of SBCAPE over 1000 J/kg with most of the CWA having bulk shear values over 40 kts. However, there still looks to be a good amount of CIN in the region though it may have come down slightly. Will continue to monitor for both heavy rainfall and severe weather potential going forward. Precipitation chances do look to continue into Monday though tapering off going through the day and ending overnight. Convective parameters do not look as impressive as those on Sunday with bulk shear values around 35 kts and SBCAPE staying in the triple digits at best. Additional QPF looks to be around a few tenths at most on Monday. Precipitation chances are also seen through the rest of the week, but chances look to be lower due to the uncertainty seen in the upper air pattern at this time. Fire weather is not expected to be a concern within the long term period with these precipitation chances as well as below normal temperatures expected. Daytime highs for the Tri-State Area on Sunday look to range between the middle 70s and lower 80s followed by cooler highs on Monday in the middle 60s to lower 70s range behind the cold front passage. Tuesday`s daytime highs expect to be in the upper 60s to lower 70s range while Wednesday`s highs are forecasted to be in the lower to middle 70s. Thursday`s daytime highs are slightly warmer being in the middle to upper 70s. Overnight lows for the long term period look to range between the middle 40s and middle 50s. && .AVIATION...(For the 00Z TAFS through 00Z Friday evening) Issued at 900 PM MDT Thu Sep 7 2023 KGLD...VFR conditions are expected through the period. A light and variable wind at taf issuance will continue through sunrise Friday morning. Northwest winds under 10kts at 13z steadily veer to the northeast, east, southeast and south through the remainder of the period at speeds up to 10kts. . KMCK...VFR conditions are expected. Light and variable winds at taf issuance will continue through 22z, establishing a southeasterly component at speeds around 7kts after 23z. && .GLD WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... KS...NONE. CO...NONE. NE...NONE. && $$ SHORT TERM...JN LONG TERM...076 AVIATION...99
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Gray ME
1140 PM EDT Thu Sep 7 2023 .SYNOPSIS... Warm and humid conditions continue into the weekend as a slow moving front approaches from the west. There will be rounds of showers and thunderstorms moving into the area starting this afternoon through the weekend. Some storms may become strong to severe with the greatest risk for severe storms Friday. Temperatures trend downwards late in the weekend into next week while a stalled front over the area will keep conditions unsettled. && .NEAR TERM /OVERNIGHT/... 1140 PM Update...Another update to tighten up the PoP forecast over the next several hours with a decaying convective complex tracking through central NH. Also of note is marine fog developing Downeast... with the expectation that this continues to develop and at some point advect into the Midcoast. 638 PM Update...Mainly tighten up PoP through the next few hours, keeping most activity up along the international border. Looking upstream, scattered showers and storms are on track to miss us to the east, or at best clip the upper Connecticut River Valley. There remains however a large MCS trucking through the Susquehanna River Valley, which is on track to come into New England later this evening as it weakens. Previously... Difficult forecast for this evening and overnight revolving around convection. Most certain will be temps remain well above normal for this time of year...with widespread upper 60s and lower 70s. Currently a bowing line of storms has developed in the Champlain Valley and is propagating northeast. Hi-res forecasts continue this motion...and the bulk of the convection should miss the northern zones. If the tail end can start backbuilding that may bring more of the North Country and western Maine mtns into play. I do have a small area of gusty winds tagged to the thunderstorms around Moosehead Lake for this after 8 PM. In the meantime isolated storms will continue to percolate in the mtns. This activity is mainly driven by diurnal heating...so they are expected to diminish in coverage thru sunset. More likely is that the large cluster of storms over PA and NY will continue lifting northeast and move into parts of the forecast area near midnight. Given how mild it will be overnight some gusty winds will remain possible with this complex. && .SHORT TERM /6 AM FRIDAY MORNING THROUGH FRIDAY NIGHT/... Another steamy start to the day will give way to growing chances for showers and storms by midday. Hi-res guidance is pretty bullish on coverage...especially across the southern half of the forecast area that is expected to miss out on the action tonight. CSU machine learning guidance is also fairly bullish on storm strength...and SPC HREF updraft helicity has higher probabilities than this afternoon and overnight. So I anticipate the severe threat Fri will be higher than today...and SPC seems to agree as they have upgraded much of the area to slight risk. As such I included gusty winds for most of the area...expanding with time northeast thru the afternoon. Shear is forecast to be a little bit on the marginal side...and hodographs forecast to be fairly straight. This suggests that storms may be pulse variety. While wind is the primary hazard...some hail cannot be ruled out. Fri night will be another mild one but not quite as mild as tonight. Both marine fog and valley fog will be possible...especially in areas that receive rain. && .LONG TERM /SATURDAY THROUGH THURSDAY/... Overview: Mainly unsettled weather is anticipated through the weekend and well into next week. Temperatures will cool down to the climatological average by the end of the weekend and will make for a cooler, but still humid start to next week. Details: Saturday will start off as warm and humid with morning low temperatures in the upper 60s and low 70s. Daytime heating will allow for CAPE to build to around 1500 J/kg by late morning. There is some uncertainty as to where the best instability will develop as a front will likely be stalled SW to NE across the area leading to clouds. This front will provide a focus for thunderstorms to develop through the day Saturday and with deep layer shear to around 30 kts there will be potential for strong to severe storms. Additionally, with PWATs over the 90th percentile, some storms could have some heavy downpours associated with them. Heavy downpours in tandem with a nearly stationary boundary could lead to a few locations receiving excessive rainfall and localized flash flooding is possible. A trough axis will remain to the west of New England into the middle of next week for continued unsettled weather. While temperatures will not be as warm, PWATs will remain high increasing the concern for continued bouts of heavy rain. Much like this summer, places that see repeated rounds of heavy rain will be at risk for flash flooding. WPC does place the entire forecast area in a Marginal Risk for excessive rainfall Monday, which is reasonable given the high PWATs and likely wet antecedent conditions. Thereafter, there may be a bit of a break Tuesday as the trough to the west flattens and takes on a positive tilt. The trough then deepens around Wednesday sending a frontal system into the Northeast. && .AVIATION /04Z FRIDAY THROUGH TUESDAY/... Short Term...Widespread VFR conditions this afternoon will give way to deteriorating conditions tonight...especially near the coast. Some marine fog/stratus is expected to develop overnight...with IFR or lower conditions. I also anticipate that some convection will move into western NH late tonight. This may impact both LEB and HIE and I have added a PROB30 for both sites with timing based around the latest range of HRRR forecasts. These storms may disrupt the diurnal trend of valley fog for both sites too. More widespread SHRA/TSRA are expected starting Fri midday. Local IFR or lower conditions are possible in any storm...but confidence is low on timing and location. Long Term...Scattered showers and thunderstorms through the weekend and early next week could bring periods flight restrictions. The pattern will also favor night time fog which will also bring flight restrictions. Generally calm and variable winds are anticipated everywhere except if strong thunderstorms cross a TAF site. && .MARINE... Short Term...Winds remain onshore into the weekend...but are forecast to remain below SCA thresholds. That warm/moist advection will make marine fog and stratus more likely starting tonight. Some low visibilities are possible nearshore. Thunderstorms are expected to stay northwest of the waters tonight...but starting midday Fri they will become more likely. Any storms may bring gusty winds to the waters. Long Term... Winds and seas will remain below SCA thresholds through the weekend with persistent southerly to southeasterly flow. Persistent southerly flow will also bring periods of fog over the waters. By late Monday seas will build to around 5 feet along the outer waters. && .CLIMATE... Warm and humid conditions will continue into Friday. Below is a summary of daily records at local climate sites. Fri 9/8 PORTLAND Max high: 93F (1960) Warm low: 70F (2015) CONCORD Max high: 96F (1872) Warm low: 68F (1936) AUGUSTA Max high: 92F (2002) Warm low: 71F (2015) && .GYX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... ME...None. NH...None. MARINE...None. && $$ UPDATE...Casey NEAR/SHORT TERM...Legro LONG TERM...Palmer/Schroeter
Area Forecast Discussion...Updated Aviation
National Weather Service Saint Louis MO
1042 PM CDT Thu Sep 7 2023 .SHORT TERM... (Through Late Friday Night) Issued at 211 PM CDT Thu Sep 7 2023 KEY MESSAGES: 1) Confidence is high (>90%) in temperatures remaining at or below climatological normals through the forecast period. 2) While there is a low chance (30-40%) of rainfall early next week, a majority of the forecast period will remain dry. Current water vapor imagery shows northwesterly flow over the CWA on the western periphery of an upper-level trough, with a shortwave departing the region and moving into the Southeast. At the surface, surface observations show an elongated area of high pressure extending from the Upper Midwest southward along the Missouri River Valley. This pattern has allowed for a seasonable air mass to move into the Middle Mississippi Valley, with most locations this afternoon seeing temperatures top out in the low 70s to low 80s. The cooler temperatures in that range are expected over portion of Illinois where denser cloud cover has inhibited surface heating. Of additional note today is smoke from Canadian wild fires mixing down to the surface, causing reduced visibilities this morning and a hazy sky. Local observations have shown visibilities improving area- wide through the day thus far, and the HRRR continues to show the smoke plume thinning and shifting westward through this evening and overnight. Therefore, another round of near-surface smoke is not expected in the near term. Tonight, another round of patchy fog is expected across the area, especially in river valleys, as temperatures cool into the mid 50s to low 60s for overnight lows beneath mostly clear skies. Toward daybreak and into the day tomorrow, a shortwave currently seen in water vapor imagery over South Dakota and Nebraska is expected to move directly over the area. Some CAMs have widely scattered convection occurring with this shortwave. However, confidence in rain occurring with this shortwave is very low, as model soundings show dry low to mid levels. Therefore, only mid to upper- level clouds are expected the passage of the shortwave, and I`ve maintained a dry forecast. Otherwise, nearly identical conditions are expected across the CWA tomorrow as are being experienced today. Elmore .LONG TERM... (Saturday through Next Thursday) Issued at 211 PM CDT Thu Sep 7 2023 On Saturday, ensemble consensus is that weak upper-level troughing will remain over the eastern U.S. as a ridge holds over the Southwest with northwesterly flow holding over the CWA. Ensemble clusters have this general upper-level pattern holding in place through the middle of next week. The main focus for variability in this pattern comes early next week as the through looks to deepen, sending a cold front through the Midwest. Guidance varies on the phasing of the trough, leading to uncertainty in the FROPA timing. Earlier solutions have a Monday FROPA, while slower solutions have it moving through the CWA on Tuesday. Rain chances with the front look low, with ensembles showing the probability of measurable rainfall (0.01") toping out at 30-40% through that time frame. Areas that do see rain will likely see roughly a couple of tenths, as the 75th percentile for most locations across the CWA tops out around 0.25". Behind the front, ensemble means show temperatures dropping to around 10 degrees below climatological normals for the mid-week period. If this holds, this post-frontal airmass will be the CWA`s first taste of fall-like temperatures, as highs top out around 70 and lows drop into the 50s. Elmore && .AVIATION... (For the 06z TAFs through 06z Friday Night) Issued at 1041 PM CDT Thu Sep 7 2023 Isolated showers associated with a weak shortwave are diminishing due to drier air over forecast area. So just expect increasing mid and high clouds through the rest of the overnight hours. Otherwise, light and variable winds will pickup from the north by mid morning on Friday with scattered diurnal cu developing. Still expect some patchy river valley fog, especially at KSUS between 08z and 13z Friday. Byrd && .LSX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... MO...None. IL...None. && $$ WFO LSX
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Phoenix AZ
444 PM MST Thu Sep 7 2023 .UPDATE...Updated Aviation Discussion. && .SYNOPSIS... Strengthening high pressure across Arizona into the weekend will result in a continued warming trend and dry conditions. An Excessive Heat Warning is in effect Saturday and Sunday due to widespread Major HeatRisk and record breaking temperatures. Next week, temperatures will trend lower with increasing storm chances across the Arizona higher terrain. && .DISCUSSION... Upper level high pressure centered over southern NM, will strengthen and build westward across the region into this weekend. This will result in limited shower/storm potential and a continued warming trend. Latest satellite imagery showing clear skies for most areas, but just a hint at clouds/moisture across SE AZ. There is just enough moisture working around the west side of the high for a few clouds and isolated showers drifting north. HRRR showing the possibility of a few showers into Friday, mainly across the higher terrain north and east of Phoenix. Instability is very limited so activity will be weak and isolated at best. As the high pressure builds across the area over the weekend, temperatures will heat up and convection will be suppressed. The current excessive Heat Warning for Sat/Sun is on track with temperatures back above 110 for many areas with widespread major HeatRisk with readings some 10 degrees above normal. In Phoenix specifically, both days are forecast to beat the daily records of 111F (set in 2021 and 1990 respectively). The record number of days with 110+F highs in a year remains at 53 days set in 2020, which will also likely be broken by Sunday. For next week, ensembles in good agreement that the upper high will be suppressed south of the area with westerlies developing. This will result in temperatures slowly lowering closer to normal levels. A weak impulse in the flow combined with an increase of moisture (some the result of Hurricane Jova remnants) Tuesday into Wednesday will bring an increase in shower/storm chances to AZ. Most of the activity should be confined to areas north and east of Phoenix. This brief surge of moisture will leave the region by the end of the week, for mostly dry conditions returning. && .AVIATION...Updated at 2344Z. South-Central Arizona including KPHX, KIWA, KSDL, and KDVT: No aviation weather concerns are expected through the TAF period. Winds will continue to favor light and diurnal tendencies with some afternoon breezes and periods of variability overnight. FEW- SCT mid-level clouds around 15 kft will continue throughout the period. Southeast California/Southwest Arizona including KIPL and KBLH: No aviation weather concerns are expected through the next 24 hours. Winds will favor light, diurnal tendencies with extended periods of variability. Otherwise, mostly clear skies will persist through the rest of today before FEW-SCT mid-level clouds around 15 kft filter in tomorrow morning. && .FIRE WEATHER... Very hot conditions will return for the weekend, with temperatures warming some 10 degrees above normal. Relative humidities will bottom out at or below 10 percent with poor overnight recoveries. Humidities will increase slightly heading into early next week as moisture increases along with the chance for more clouds and scattered showers/storms, especially Tuesday into Wednesday. The best chance for rainfall will be in eastern and higher elevation zones. Temperatures next week will return to near normal levels. Winds will continue to follow familiar diurnal tendencies with some occasional afternoon upslope breeziness. && .CLIMATE... Record highs: Date Phoenix Yuma El Centro ---- ------- ---- --------- Sep 8 110 in 1979 115 in 1979 114 in 2018 Sep 9 111 in 2021 113 in 1990 115 in 1968 Sep 10 111 in 1990 114 in 1979 113 in 1971 Sep 11 112 in 1990 116 in 1990 115 in 1971 && .PSR WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... AZ...Excessive Heat Warning from 10 AM Saturday to 8 PM MST Sunday for AZZ530>556-559>562. CA...Excessive Heat Warning from 10 AM Saturday to 8 PM PDT Sunday for CAZ562>567-569-570. && $$ DISCUSSION...Frieders AVIATION...Smith FIRE WEATHER...Frieders CLIMATE...18