Forecast Discussions mentioning any of
"HRRR" "RAP" "RUC13" "RUC" "RR" received at GSD on 08/24/22
Area Forecast Discussion...UPDATED
National Weather Service Aberdeen SD
910 PM CDT Tue Aug 23 2022
.UPDATE...
Issued at 902 PM CDT Tue Aug 23 2022
Continuing to watch an area of sub-severe thunderstorms across
south central ND, and additional areas of isolated activity
southward across central SD. Outflow-driven development is noted
coming southward out of ND and into north central SD. Adjusted
POPs earlier this evening to account for anticipation of this
which the HRRR seemed to pick up on. Will have to make some more
adjustments to POPs in a bit to account for recent radar trends.
Otherwise, it would appear CAMs continue to suggest best rainfall
chances overnight remain across central SD, maybe pushing as far
east as the James River. Parameters suggest sub-severe with maybe
some brief small hail - shear is very limited. Overnight lows
look ok for the time being and no changes there.
&&
.SHORT TERM...(This Evening through Wednesday Afternoon)
Issued at 334 PM CDT Tue Aug 23 2022
Afternoon showers have already made their appearance over central
South Dakota. The intensity remains low at this time, with no
lightning being detected. This will probably change after 21Z, with
at least a few thunderstorms in the area. We`re still not expecting
anything other than some lightning and potentially gusty winds with
the strongest storms. Currently, we`re stuck in northwesterly flow
aloft with subtle embedded waves. A 500mb low resides over northern
WA/southern British Columbia, with the main low over far northeast
Canada. Over the period we`ll experience ridging late Thursday
afternoon into Thursday evening in advance of the nearing low to our
northwest. At the surface, there is a low over south central SD. It
will only slowly shift east into far southeastern SD and southern MN
by midday Wednesday as cooler air sinks in from the north. The low
will continue across IA Wednesday night as a large ridge of high
pressure moves in from Canada. Highs Wednesday will be in the 80s,
or about 5 degrees less than today. After the slight to low chance
pops Wednesday, the chance of showers should diminish to the slight
chance category Wednesday night.
.LONG TERM...(Wednesday Evening through Tuesday)
Issued at 334 PM CDT Tue Aug 23 2022
Models are overall quite consistent with a cutoff low over the
northwest CONUS and weak ridging over the northern plains Thursday
into Friday. It isn`t until the weekend that the pattern begins to
shift and the low kicks out, becoming a low amplitude trough as it
moves east across the northern plains. As such, POPs increase for
the weekend, although with the generally weak flow aloft and low to
moderate CAPE, the organized severe threat remains relatively low.
Model consensus wanes after the weekend. While they all show
variations of a brief ridge followed by another trough early next
week, the trough/ridge amplitude and overall timing varies. 500 MB
cluster analysis shows the Canadian members seem to trend toward a
deeper trough scenario whereas the EC members cluster around a less
amplitude more progressive flow by early next week. These
differences lower forecast confidence and will play a major role in
both the precipitation and temperature forecast in the out periods.
&&
.AVIATION...(For the 00Z TAFS through 00Z Wednesday Evening)
Issued at 635 PM CDT Tue Aug 23 2022
Terminals KABR,KATY,KPIR,KMBG
VFR conditions are currently forecast for the TAF time period.
There are isolated -SHRA/SHRA and even a couple -TSRA at times
west of the Missouri River. Some of this activity may affect
KPIR/KMBG into the early evening, so will include VC (vicinity)
mention at this time. Will adjust TAF if it appears -TSRA/TSRA
will affect a TAF site, but confidence is very low at this time.
&&
.ABR WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
SD...None.
MN...None.
&&
$$
UPDATE...TMT
SHORT TERM...KF
LONG TERM...Serr
AVIATION...TMT
Area Forecast Discussion...UPDATED
National Weather Service Austin/San Antonio TX
959 PM CDT Tue Aug 23 2022
...New UPDATE...
.UPDATE...
Issued at 945 PM CDT Tue Aug 23 2022
Isolated storms ongoing mid evening near Hondo and southeast of Eagle
Pass are moving little. A localized flooding threat is possible in
these locations. Coverage of convection should remain isolated over
the next couple of hours, mainly over southern areas.
00Z CAM guidance coming in is becoming more interesting during the
overnight and early morning hours. Several members (HRRR, ARW, FV3,
NAM) are developing scattered showers and storms in an axis roughly
from the Winter Garden region to the San Antonio metro area and east
along the I-10 corridor, near the surface front and slightly
sharpening 925mb shear axis. There is modest amounts of CAPE
available, and given the 2-2.4" precipitable water values and slow
southeast storm motions some pockets of locally heavy rainfall could
occur. Of course this is conditional on the forcing being strong
enough to generate convection. We have raised PoPs slightly through
this region and will add a mention of locally heavy rainfall into the
HWO for this region overnight and early Tuesday morning.
&&
.SHORT TERM...
(Tonight through Wednesday night)
Issued at 158 PM CDT Tue Aug 23 2022
Latest SPC mesoanalysis places a stalled out frontal boundary from
Eagle Pass to Hondo to Gonzales and up into Giddings. This boundary
has been the focus for overrunning showers and isolated
thunderstorms early this afternoon. While coverage and intensity
haven`t been quite like yesterday`s convection, locally heavy
rainfall and rates of 1-2" per hour are still possible through this
evening. Have gone ahead and dropped the Flood Watch for all
counties as hi-res guidance continues to point to the axis of heavy
rain developing further south this evening, over the Winter Garden
region and into portions of Corpus CWA. The HRRR has been consistent
in developing a round of heavy rain over southern Maverick and
Dimmit and sliding it northward late this evening, so flooding
concerns are slightly higher in this region, and our latest forecast
thoughts in terms of QPF echo this thinking. Some notable breaks in
the overcast have been noted over the northern CWA into the Hill
Country and expect that isolated to scattered showers and
thunderstorms will develop through the afternoon and evening and
shift southward through early to mid evening. There is the threat
that locally heavy rainfall could lead to flooding across much of
South-Central Texas, but widespread flooding is no longer a concern,
hence canning the watch.
Wednesday should be quieter with isolated to scattered showers and
storms still a possibility, but more of the "garden variety", which
is basically all you can ask for when in a drought. We`ll continue
to take any rainfall we can get, with the active pattern that is
expected to continue on into the long term. With all the cloud cover
and increased moisture, surface dewpoints in the 70s, PWATs up over
1.5-2.0 inches, and now some actual soil moisture to work with,
think that afternoon highs should remain in the mid to upper 80s and
lower 90s both today and Wednesday. Nevertheless, even with
increased cloud cover and lower temperatures, heat indices may creep
up into the 100-105 range briefly, especially during the late
afternoon hours where any sunshine manages to sneak in. One last
thing: WPC ERO remains Marginal for much of South-Central Texas on
Wednesday, so locally heavy rainfall does remain a threat, but like
mentioned above, widespread flooding or flash flooding is not
expected, and with our lengthy drought, most creaks, streams,
tributaries, and lakes can handle quite a bit of water/drainage at
this time.
&&
.LONG TERM...
(Thursday through Tuesday)
Issued at 158 PM CDT Tue Aug 23 2022
The bad news first: Chances for widespread and significant rainfall
in the long term are low, despite at least some POPs in the forecast
in some areas for most periods. Coverage most days will be isolated
to at best scattered, as there won`t be much large-scale forcing to
speak of, height anomalies will have weakened, and PWATs will lower
some, especially over the Hill Country.
The good news: Daily high temperatures will remain near to below
average Thursday through next Tuesday, and some areas will at least
still see SOME additional rainfall. It just won`t be enough to lead
to additional drought improvements.
Not a whole lot of details we can add at this time. While the 12Z
NAM depicts some heavy rain in our western counties during the day,
it`s a bit of an outlier and guidance is a bit wide-ranging. Locally
heavy rains do remain possible given PWATs still progged in the 2-
2.3" range over the southwest half of our area, and WPC continues to
advertise a marginal risk for excessive rainfall. But forcing may be
hard to come by with only a very diffuse temperature gradient
leftover in the region. And even that will be gone by Friday and
beyond, lowering chances for locally heavy rainfall further. While
isolated afternoon rains are possible over the weekend, most
locations will stay dry and it will likely be a pretty nice weekend
for outdoor activities as long as you don`t mind humidity! Afternoon
dew points will not do much mixing out over the next week or so, and
as a result some locations could see heat indices approach and
exceed 100 in the afternoons.
&&
.AVIATION...
(00Z TAFS)
Issued at 700 PM CDT Tue Aug 23 2022
VFR conditions this evening with isolated SHRAs currently south and
west of SAT. The forecast indicates a potential for isolated SHRAs
continuing tonight across the region, possibly becoming widely
scattered south of SAT. VFR conditions and light winds will prevail
tonight. MVFR ceilings may develop near and north of a ERV-SAT-AUS
line 12Z-17Z Wed.
&&
.PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS...
Austin Camp Mabry 76 91 76 93 / 20 40 20 40
Austin Bergstrom Intl Airport 75 90 74 93 / 20 40 20 40
New Braunfels Muni Airport 75 92 74 94 / 40 50 30 50
Burnet Muni Airport 73 88 73 92 / 10 30 20 30
Del Rio Intl Airport 76 92 76 92 / 20 40 30 50
Georgetown Muni Airport 75 89 74 92 / 10 30 20 30
Hondo Muni Airport 75 92 74 91 / 40 40 30 50
San Marcos Muni Airport 75 90 74 93 / 30 40 30 40
La Grange - Fayette Regional 76 90 74 93 / 30 40 30 40
San Antonio Intl Airport 75 91 75 91 / 40 50 30 50
Stinson Muni Airport 75 93 75 93 / 40 50 30 50
&&
.EWX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
None.
&&
$$
Short-Term...Morris
Long-Term...KCW
Aviation...76
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Pocatello ID
128 PM MDT Tue Aug 23 2022
.SHORT TERM (Tonight - Wednesday)...
Afternoon satellite imagery shows less CU development over the
area today. This was expected with slightly drier airmass in place
and because of this, expecting afternoon/evening shower and storm
coverage to be much more limited. RAP analysis shows PWATs
currently running around 0.6-0.7 inches across the region. Hi-res
CAMs keep much of the precip outside of our area into Montana and
central Wyoming where slightly deeper moisture is present.
Nevertheless, there remains just enough moisture and model support
an isolated chance for convection later today in the central
mountains and eastern highlands, mainly the latter. This will be
short-lived though as increasing moisture advection is expected
for tomorrow, once again, thus allowing for higher PoPs for the
day on Wednesday. Hi-res model guidance is already supportive of
this thinking. Thunderstorm coverage looks to remain on the
isolated side, for fire weather concerns, but things remain in
flux. Daily temperatures will run slightly higher than normal over
the next couple of days and winds will generally be light outside
of convection, increasing a bit beginning tomorrow. McKaughan
.LONG TERM (Thursday through next Tuesday)...
An upper low will linger over northern ID/northwestern MT on
Thursday. This will trigger some isolated to scattered afternoon
thunderstorms. Operational models are in fair agreement with the
positioning of the low as it pushes slowly eastward. By Friday,
the low will accelerate eastward as another trough swings in from
the west. Friday should be a relatively dry day with only some
isolated convection expected along the WY and MT borders. With the
upstream trough digging into the PAC NW on Saturday, we`ll see
the surface pressure gradient tighten up. So will expect to see
some fairly breezy condition across the region on Saturday. Even
as the low dips into northern Idaho Saturday evening, it will have
little moisture to work with, so Saturday may only see isolated
thunderstorms confined to the Island Park area. The 12Z GFS is
suggesting a deeper trough than other long-term models for
Saturday night/Sunday. Ensemble clusters show some uncertainty
beyond Saturday. Some CMC ensemble members are mirroring the
operational 00Z Canadian model reflecting a deep upper low over
Idaho with ridging is seen on the GFS and ECMWF models. The 12Z
Canadian model, however, seems to have backed off the deep low in
favor of a fairly weak trough. Overall, the extended periods look
to be hot and dry. Hinsberger
&&
.AVIATION...
VFR to prevail across the area outside of any showers and storms.
Chances for this look much lower today compared to previous days.
Best chance will be at KDIJ where VCTS continues in the forecast
later this afternoon and into the evening. The rest of the
terminals will likely stay dry based on latest hi-res model runs
but kept VCSH mention at KIDA for continuity and for the very
outside chance of a shower here. Otherwise light and variable
winds are expected overnight and to start the day Wednesday. Just
beyond the current forecast period, winds may be a tad higher
tomorrow compared to the last few days but still less than 15 kts
with afternoon showers and storms likely to make another
appearance across the region later tomorrow. McKaughan
&&
.FIRE WEATHER...
Much drier weather is expected today compared to yesterday.
Isolated thunderstorms may develop this afternoon along the MT and
WY borders. There is still an upper low lingering over north
central WA, but most of the moisture has shifted to the east.
Monsoon moisture will surge back into the area tomorrow with the
low slowly moving into eastern WA. Isolated thunderstorms will
once again develop over the Central Mountains and Eastern
Highlands. On Thursday, the low will continue to slowly progress
eastward and will be positioned over northern ID/northwestern MT
by the afternoon. Isolated to scattered thunderstorms are expected
generally in the same areas as Wednesday. As the low exits to the
east Friday, we should see drier and more stable conditions, with
isolated convection mainly along the MT and WY borders. Heading
into the weekend, much of southeast Idaho will be dry, but we
could see winds pushing us close to critical fire weather
conditions as the surface pressure gradient tightens. The limiting
factor will be humidity, and we may see pockets of sub-15%
humidity in the valleys. Hot and dry weather is expected to build
back into the area early next week as ridging amplifies over the
West. Hinsberger
&&
.PIH WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
None.
&&
$$
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Phoenix AZ
150 PM MST Tue Aug 23 2022
.SYNOPSIS...
A significant uptrend in thunderstorm coverage is expected today
over Arizona which in turn will make areas of strong to severe
winds and blowing dust, along with localized brief heavy rain,
more likely late this afternoon and tonight. Rain chances increase
Wednesday and expand into southeast California. A gradual
downtrend in storm chances takes place during the latter half of
the week and over the weekend. Highs today will be a little warmer
than yesterday then a bit cooler Wednesday. Anticipate highs
being a bit below normal the rest of the week before a warming
trend begins Monday.
&&
.DISCUSSION...
The synoptic setup today is supportive for Rim-to-Valley storms
during the afternoon and evening with modest northeasterly mid-
level flow (~15 kt 500 mb winds). The 12Z sounding from Phoenix
this morning showed some moistening of the boundary layer and the
strong capping inversion on the boundary layer has weakened over
the past 24 hours. Of note as well on the 12Z sounding is the
strong southwesterly anvil-level winds. This will push the
thunderstorm anvils off to the northeast, which is already being
seen with storms along the Rim. Mid-level lapse rates are still
modest, around 7 C/km, and CAPE is pretty high (MUCAPE currently
analyzed around 2000-3000 J/kg), supportive of explosive updrafts.
Additionally, there was some considerable mid-level drying shown
in the morning sounding, which will result in some dry air
entrainment into the storms, supporting stronger downdrafts. DCAPE
is high this afternoon with magnitudes analyzed around 1000-1500
J/kg across the lower deserts. So, damaging downburst wind gusts
will be a threat today. A weak but noticeable vort max is evident
over southern AZ this afternoon on WV satellite and could further
aide ascent through the area.
Forecast soundings support further erosion of the capping layer
over the lower deserts through the rest of the afternoon with
continued heating and mixing, but a good source of lift will
likely still be need to invigorate storm development. Fortunately,
with the strong DCAPE environment, outflows are likely to push
into the lower deserts and could push all the way to the CO River.
Most hi- res models develop storms off of these outflows this
afternoon and evening, but coverage of storms could be a little
spotty with the lower moisture content. So, not everyone will
experience storms today, but nearly everyone should be able to
"see" the storms. With the parameters presented in the first
paragraph, any storm that develops over the lower deserts today
will be capable of producing strong to severe wind gusts, which
could also generate areas or widespread blowing dust depending on
source region. HREF probabilities for 35+ mph winds are around
50-70% for much of southern AZ with ~10% odds of greater than 58
mph. Nitpicking some of the individual hi-res model runs,
localized wind gusts up to 70-75 mph cannot be ruled out. With the
lower moisture content and potential pulse nature of the storms,
flash flooding is not as great of a risk, but storms will be
capable of rain rates up to 1-2"/hr and flash flooding will still
be possible, especially with any storm that lingers over an area
or multiple storms hit the same area.
While most of the storms are expected to descend off the AZ high
terrain north and east of Phoenix, isolated development in a few
other common terrain spots will be possible, including the Table
Top Mesa area, the Kofas, and Joshua Tree NP. Most activity should
diminish this evening, however, lingering mid-level ACCAS
convection cannot be ruled out overnight, especially with any
lingering meso-circulations (MCVs). Tomorrow, Wednesday, following
some slight increases in moisture and possibly some
preconditioning from today`s activity, could be even more active.
NBM has widespread PoPs of 30-40% or higher across southern AZ and
southeast CA. Recent runs of the HRRR are really quite impressive
with scattered to widespread strong thunderstorms. There are a
few changes from today into tomorrow expected, albeit small.
Synoptically, mid-level steering flow is expected to become a
touch weaker and shift more easterly to southeasterly as the
anticyclone over NV slides east with a shortwave moving into north
CA. With this alone there may be better motion and convergence of
convection in the western deserts toward western AZ and the CO
river through the afternoon and evening with outflow collisions
driving a lot of the storm clustering. The wind threat is not
expected to be quite as high as today, but locally strong to
severe gusts will still be possible. The flash flood threat will
be higher tomorrow with the slight increase in moisture, slower
steering flow, and clustering of storms.
Thursday through Monday, ensemble data continue to show a gradual
west to east decline of PoPs as the primary anticyclonic flow
becomes centered to our south for a less favorable flow regime
(deeper westerly and drier flow) over our forecast area. There
are some model hints of an uptick in PoPs on one of the days
during the latter half of the week. That would be plausible if a
short wave within the westerly flow moved through while we still
have decent moisture left. By next Monday though, storm chances
look pretty meager. Moderate HeatRisk will continue the next
couple of days for much of southeast CA while south-central AZ
sees temperatures a few degrees below normal. Moderate HeatRisk
becomes more widespread by early next week.
&&
.AVIATION...Updated 1751Z.
South-Central Arizona including KPHX, KIWA, KSDL, and KDVT:
Things will start out quiet with easterly winds with speeds aob 7
kts prevailing through the rest of the morning. A westerly wind
shift is anticipated by early afternoon with speeds to around 10
kts. Attention will then turn to thunderstorm activity expected to
develop across the higher terrain and descend into the valley floor
from the northeast during the 00Z-02Z timeframe with a 50-70%
chance of winds exceeding 30 kts and a 10% chance of winds exceeding
50 kts. Blowing dust will also be a threat, but chances for dense
blowing dust appear to be less (20-30%) given the most likely
northeasterly wind direction and recent rainfall reducing the amount
of dust that can be picked up by the winds. In addition to the
strong wind threat, localized heavy rainfall resulting in very brief
MVFR or lower conditions is also possible if a storm directly
impacts an area terminal. Mostly clear skies will predominate
through the morning hours with increasing SCT- BKN coverage by mid
to late afternoon.
Once the storms move thru, expecting lighter northeasterly-easterly
winds to prevail, the switching to more typical southeasterly by
late evening. Easterly winds to continue thru Wednesday morning,
then once again switch to westerly during the afternoon. Another
good chance (40-60%) exists for t-storm again during the late
afternoon/early evening on Wednesday. A better chance for heavy rain
appears to be the case for storms on Wednesday, but still a good
chance (50-70%) for winds over 30 kts with the most likely direction
for storms to move into the Phoenix area being from the northeast.
Southeast California/Southwest Arizona including KIPL and KBLH:
No aviation weather concerns expected through the period at KIPL
with winds mainly from a southeasterly component, under mostly CLR
skies. Winds will generally follow a southerly component at KBLH
with mostly clear skies this morning. T-storm activity is then
expected to approach KBLH from the north-northeast during the late
afternoon/evening hours, with lesser confidence that storms will
actually reach the terminals. CIGS to become mainly FEW-SCT mid/high-
level thru the rest of tonight and into Wednesday at KBLH
&&
.FIRE WEATHER...
Storm activity ramps up again today and Wednesday. Areas of
strong winds and blowing dust will be the chief concerns today
followed by better heavy rain potential Wednesday. A gradual
decline in storm chances takes place from west to east beginning
Thursday with near zero storm chances area-wide by Monday. MinRH
values peak on Wednesday with values ranging from 30-40% lower
elevations and 40-60% higher terrain. The lowest values will be on
Monday with MinRH ranging from 20-25% lower elevations and 25-35%
higher terrain. Apart from thunderstorms, winds will follow
familiar diurnal patterns.
&&
.PSR WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
AZ...None.
CA...None.
&&
$$
DISCUSSION...Benedict/AJ
AVIATION...Kuhlman/Percha
FIRE WEATHER...AJ
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service San Diego CA
200 PM PDT Tue Aug 23 2022
.SYNOPSIS...
Monsoonal moisture will continue to increase Wednesday into
Thursday, leading to active days of thunderstorms over the
mountains with a lesser risk over the deserts. Dry air will move
in on Friday and fully into the region this weekend ahead of an
upper trough, leading to dry conditions. Temperatures will be
highest today with gradual cooling through the weekend before
heating up next week.
&&
.DISCUSSION...FOR EXTREME SOUTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA INCLUDING ORANGE...
SAN DIEGO...WESTERN RIVERSIDE AND SOUTHWESTERN SAN BERNARDINO
COUNTIES...
KEY POINTS:
* Active monsoon thunderstorm days Wednesday and Thursday
* Isolated thunderstorms possible Friday, then dry this weekend
* Slight cooling through the weekend, then heating up next week
Monsoonal moisture, the core of which is currently residing over
SE California/SW Arizona with PW up to 1.8 inches per SPC
mesoanalysis, will move northwest and overspread our service area
through Wednesday. The monsoonal moisture will remain entrenched
over our region on Thursday before shifting east on Friday. This
progression will lead to active thunderstorm days for the
mountains both Wednesday and Thursday with a lesser risk for the
deserts. Areas west of the mountains look to remain dry.
The flash flood concern exists Wednesday and Thursday afternoon,
but confidence is not quite high enough for a Flood Watch at this
time. Moisture levels are slightly lower than our previous active
monsoon days. We will take a look this evening and overnight to
see if a watch might be needed. The greatest flash flood risk will
be over the mountains with a lower risk over the deserts.
There is some indication on hi-res models, particularly our local
WRF model, of a possible MCS moving towards the Coachella Valley
and the San Diego County deserts while weakening late Wednesday
night. Have added slight chance of tstorms for the lower deserts
Wednesday night to account for this potential. Some HRRR runs
even show light echoes making it west of the mountains with a few
hundredths of an inch. This will be something to monitor for
possible blowing dust over the lower deserts arriving late
Wednesday night on thunderstorm outflows.
The inland heat is peaking today, then we will see gradual
cooling. First in part due to the monsoonal moisture and then due
to better onshore flow as an upper trough digs off the U.S. West
Coast by the weekend. This will spread cooling inland and humidity
will lower a nudge as well.
GFS and EC ensembles are pointing to a building ridge mid next
week centered over SoCal. This scenario would bring building heat
to the region as we close out August and move into September.
Something to monitor. Differences are seen in the ensemble members
next week in how much monsoonal moisture will return next week.
The mean shows a slow, gradual increase while individual members
vary from keeping moisture rather low to some members more
aggressive on moisture return. For now, next week looks to feature
building heat with a slight chance of thunderstorms returning as
September arrives.
&&
.AVIATION...
232015Z...Coast/Valleys...Low clouds with bases near 1000 FT MSL
will continue across beach locations this afternoon. Low clouds will
push back inland after 02z Wed and spread up to 20 SM inland, with
bases 700-1000 FT MSL. Scatter out 17-19z Wed, though patchy BKN
will continue into the afternoon across the immediate coast.
Mountains/Deserts...Mostly clear skies through tonight. Iso TSRA
will be possible in the mtns through 01z Wed with bases near 10,000
FT and tops to 30,000 FT MSL. Gusty and erratic winds, frequent
lightning and heavy downpours will be possible vcty TSRA.
&&
.MARINE...
No hazardous marine weather is expected through Sunday.
&&
.SGX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
CA...Excessive Heat Warning until 10 PM PDT this evening for Apple
and Lucerne Valleys.
PZ...None.
&&
$$
PUBLIC...Gregoria
AVIATION/MARINE...Moede