Forecast Discussions mentioning any of "HRRR" "RAP" "RUC13" "RUC" "RR" received at GSD on 04/06/22


Area Forecast Discussion...UPDATED
National Weather Service Aberdeen SD
920 PM CDT Tue Apr 5 2022 .UPDATE... Issued at 849 PM CDT Tue Apr 5 2022 Latest look at web cams across the Glacial Lakes region shows rain has changed to snow in those slightly higher elevations. It appears temps are around 34 degrees when changeover occurs, which is actually about 1 to 3 hours sooner than what RAP soundings are showing. Elsewhere, still rain as temps are more into the upper 30s to around 40 degrees. Made some adjustments to POPs/wx grids to account for current trends. Still appears the main area of precip will stay across the eastern CWA overnight, with most areas having switched to snow by daybreak. Although, it appears there will eventually be an area of rain/snow, possibly changing to all snow by morning, that will rotate southward across central SD overnight. Already evidence of this across ND. As for winds, after looking at observations at 01Z, and examining guidance along with NBM90/NBMEXP wind speeds overnight, decided to expand a portion of the wind advisory across central SD through the overnight hours. This will run up to 12Z when the high wind warning goes into effect. Observations at 02Z still showing gusts from 45 to 55 mph across the Missouri River valley region. Also decided to upgrade the high wind watch for the eastern CWA to a warning to better match surrounding offices, and in anticipation of these winds materializing tomorrow. UPDATE Issued at 640 PM CDT Tue Apr 5 2022 Aviation discussion updated below for the 00Z TAFs. && .SHORT TERM...(This Evening through Wednesday Night) Issued at 317 PM CDT Tue Apr 5 2022 Low pressure is currently situated over far northeastern South Dakota/west central Minnesota, with a band of precipitation behind it tracking across the central and eastern portions of the CWA late this afternoon into the early evening hours. The low will move over Minnesota this evening, then intensifies slightly as it spins in a nearly stationary position tonight before drifting eastward to Wisconsin on Wednesday and Wednesday night. Will see a fairly tight pressure gradient develop on the back side of the system Wednesday and Wednesday night, along with the potential for precipitation wrapping over the area, especially across the eastern part of the CWA. Sustained winds in the 25 to 40 mph range with gusts up to 60 appear likely. A High Wind Warning goes into effect Wednesday morning across the western part of the area, with a High Wind Watch across the east. The next question then becomes whether or not temperatures cool enough for the precipitation to change over to snow, which certainly looks to be possible late tonight into Wednesday morning, then again late Wednesday night, especially over the far eastern part of the area along the Sisseton Hills region. Another challenge is with any snowfall likely being of the wet heavy type, will it be able to blow enough to result in reduced visibility? With the strength of the winds we are anticipating, will go ahead and mention some patchy blowing snow. Snowfall amounts do not look to be terribly significant anywhere except along the higher elevations of the Coteau, where an inch or so is possible tonight, and again Wednesday night. Low temperatures tonight will be in the lower 30s, with highs Wednesday in the upper 30s to the upper 40s. Lows Wednesday night will be in the upper 20s to lower 30s. .LONG TERM...(Thursday through Tuesday) Issued at 317 PM CDT Tue Apr 5 2022 The long range forecast starts off with the strong surface low that continues to push east, along with its upper level parts. It will be quite windy on Thursday before winds start to diminish by Friday. Otherwise, dry weather Friday and Saturday with slight chances of rain Sunday across the western CWA as a front pushes through. More widespread chances of precip early next week with another system forming and pushing across the Midwest. The main concern in the long term will be the continuing windy conditions Thursday and Thursday night. Clusters/GEFS/ECMWF ENS indicate the mid-level low to our east and its associated deep trough over much of the central parts of the country on Thursday. Due to the deep trough, a highly amplified ridge dominates the western parts of the United States. This ridge will push east over our area Friday afternoon through early Monday with another upper level trough deepening across the western part of the United States early next week. Surface map by 12Z Thursday indicates the 994mb surface low, with the center of the low over WI/MI border, and a high pressure system to our west over the Rockies. Precipitation wise, the deterministic models/CAMs indicate snow will continue across the eastern/northeastern CWA, on the backside of the low, Thursday into early Friday. The ECMWF model seems to be the quickest with the precip moving out between 6-12Z. Additional snow accumulations likely Thursday morning, especially along the Coteau where another inch or so could fall, otherwise everywhere else in the eastern/northeastern CWA should see an additional dusting to a half inch. Another clipper/trough swinging down from Canada will move into Northern Plains/Upper Midwest Saturday into Sunday. NBM indicates slight chances of pops Sunday afternoon into Monday. Another surface low forms in the central parts of the Midwest bringing more chances of precip in the form of rain for Tuesday, with a little bit of snow possible early Tuesday morning. Winds will continue to be the main concern for Thursday. The deeper the low, the stronger the pressure gradients will be around the system. This is backed up by ECMWF EFI that indicates 0.95 for wind speed and gusts. GFS Bufkit sounding shows the classic "inverted V" up to around 800mb. With steep temperature lapse rates and strong momentum transfer, this will lead to a continuing mixing of the surface and winds above it. I did continue with the NBM90/NBM4.1 for Thursday into early Friday morning for winds and wind gusts. With an incoming high in the western CWA, winds will diminish quite a bit and the pressure gradient becomes gentler by Friday. Ensembles Thickness charts indicates we will continue with CAA as winds at the surface and aloft will be out of the northwest Thursday then north early Friday. Highs across the CWA for Thursday will be in the 30s and 40s with lows in the 20s. As the ridge moves in, WAA moves in by 18Z Friday from the west, causing for a little bit of a warmup and surface winds shifting out of the east/southeast. With the ridge overhead for the weekend, temps will warm up into the 50s and lower 60s. The next trough with CAA moves in Monday afternoon bringing a cooldown to our temps. && .AVIATION...(For the 00Z TAFS through 00Z Wednesday Evening) Issued at 640 PM CDT Tue Apr 5 2022 Terminals KABR,KATY,KPIR,KMBG A mix of VFR and MVFR CIGs across the region to start off the TAF period, with -RA affecting KABR/KATY, but having little impact on VSBY. Through the overnight and daytime Wednesday, expect more widespread MVFR/IFR CIGs to overspread the area. Will also see precipitation over KABR/KATY likely changing to -SN/SN, but may mix in with -RA/RA at times. VSBY will be lowered in areas of SN and strong winds. Over KMBG/KPIR, precip still expected, but may be more scattered in nature, so only VC mention at this time, but there are hints of steadier precip over central SD at times overnight. Will watch radar trends and amend as needed. Other story is the very strong and gusty northwest surface winds through the TAF period. During the day Wednesday, gusts over 50 knots are not out of the question. && .ABR WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... SD...High Wind Warning from 7 AM CDT /6 AM MDT/ Wednesday to 7 PM CDT /6 PM MDT/ Thursday for SDZ003>011-015>023-033>037-045-048- 051. Wind Advisory until 7 AM CDT /6 AM MDT/ Wednesday for SDZ003-015- 016-033>035-045-048. MN...High Wind Warning from 7 AM Wednesday to 7 PM CDT Thursday for MNZ039-046. && $$ UPDATE...TMT SHORT TERM...Parkin LONG TERM...MMM AVIATION...TMT
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Wichita KS
903 PM CDT Tue Apr 5 2022 .UPDATE... Issued at 903 PM CDT Tue Apr 5 2022 Strong cold front continues to push south across the forecast area, with gusty N-NW winds for most locations except extreme SE KS. Most of the surface based instability has dropped south of the forecast area into NE OK, but some lingering elevated instability, around 500- 1000 J/KG, continues to linger over SE KS. Latest short range RAP doesn`t show alot of low level moisture transport over the top of the shallow post frontal air, so having my doubts on whether areas east of the KS Turnpike will see any showers or storms late this evening. But with the lingering instability still around and some of the high rez CAMS showing a chance of post frontal showers, will keep some pops across SE KS for a few more hours. Think chances will diminish or end after 06z. Ketcham && .SHORT TERM...(This evening through Friday night) Issued at 247 PM CDT Tue Apr 5 2022 There is a narrow/very conditional window for convection along the cold front early this evening in far southeast Kansas, though despite modest instability, strong shear would support a locally strong storm. Some post-frontal elevated convection seems possible though associated with cooling aloft late in the evening aided by lift/forcing from the approaching PV anomaly and some mid-level frontogenesis. Otherwise, the main story into Wednesday and Thursday will be the strong, deeply mixed, nearly unidirectional northwesterly flow regime across the area on the backside of the deepening low evolving across the Great Lakes. A very dry airmass characterized by steep/dry adiabatic lapse rates up through 680-700 mb will support a solid Wind Advisory along/west of the Kansas turnpike and High Wind Warning for the higher terrain of Russell/Barton counties. See Fire Weather section for details on wildfire concerns. It looks to remain a bit windy/breezy into Friday as well with temperatures averaging below climo for the latter part of the week. Darmofal .LONG TERM...(Saturday through Tuesday) Issued at 247 PM CDT Tue Apr 5 2022 The medium range supports a return to milder southerly flow on Saturday with transient ridging aloft across the area between the departing eastern conus trof and upstream low/trof over western Canada into the far northwest conus. The latest trends support more agressive troughing across the western conus into early next week, especially the ECMWF, with an eventual frontal boundary sagging southward into the area. Exactly how this plays out with regard to precip/convective chances and temperature trends is still uncertain, though there is potential for a more active weather pattern even just beyond day 7. KED && .AVIATION...(For the 00Z TAFS through 00Z Wednesday evening) Issued at 635 PM CDT Tue Apr 5 2022 A strong cold front currently moving into SE KS at this time, has led to a wind shift to the NW for most locations. Lagging behind the cold front by about an hour or so, are much stronger NW winds, with wind gusts of 35 to 40 kts. Portions of central KS are already seeing the higher gusts, with KICT and KCNU expected to see an increase in winds over the next couple of hours. To the east of the front, over the Flint Hills, an uncapped environment and limited instability may lead to the development of a stray SHRA or TSRA for the evening hours, as convergence along the front increases. Given the marginal instability think the TSRA chance will be isolated in nature, but could affect the KCNU taf location. So will go with a VCTS mention for the evening hours across SE KS. Strong and gusty winds will continue return for Wed, with NW winds expected to gust to 40 to 45 kts for the afternoon hours. Ketcham && .FIRE WEATHER... Issued at 247 PM CDT Tue Apr 5 2022 ** Extreme Fire Danger expected Wednesday and Thursday ** A few hours of very high grassland fire danger is likely late this afternoon behind a cold front across portions of central Kansas, along and northwest of a Lincoln to Great Bend line. However, extreme grassland fire danger is expected on Wednesday afternoon across central and south central Kansas, with potential for catastrophic fire danger for locations along and west of a Lincoln to Hutchinson line. Northwest winds are expected to gust over 50 mph with lowest daytime humidity values around 20 percent. Strong northwest winds are expected again on Thursday with critical fire danger possible again. KED && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... Wichita-KICT 40 63 39 58 / 20 0 0 0 Hutchinson 39 62 37 57 / 20 0 0 0 Newton 39 61 38 56 / 20 0 0 0 ElDorado 40 62 39 57 / 30 0 0 0 Winfield-KWLD 40 64 39 59 / 20 0 0 0 Russell 38 59 35 57 / 20 0 0 0 Great Bend 38 60 35 57 / 10 0 0 0 Salina 38 61 37 57 / 20 10 0 0 McPherson 38 61 36 56 / 20 0 0 0 Coffeyville 43 65 39 59 / 50 0 0 0 Chanute 42 64 39 57 / 50 10 0 0 Iola 41 63 39 56 / 50 10 0 0 Parsons-KPPF 43 64 39 58 / 50 0 0 0 && .ICT WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... Red Flag Warning from noon to 8 PM CDT Wednesday for KSZ032-033- 047>053-067>069-082-083-091>093. Fire Weather Watch from Thursday afternoon through Thursday evening for KSZ032-033-047>051-067-068-082-083-091-092. Wind Advisory from noon to 8 PM CDT Wednesday for KSZ033-048>053- 067>069-082-083-091>093. High Wind Warning from noon to 8 PM CDT Wednesday for KSZ032-047. && $$ UPDATE...Ketcham SHORT TERM...KED LONG TERM...KED AVIATION...Ketcham FIRE WEATHER...KED
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Wilmington NC
926 PM EDT Tue Apr 5 2022 .SYNOPSIS... Threatening weather is expected this evening with isolated tornadoes and scattered severe thunderstorms over SE NC. Thursday brings the possibility of strong to severe thunderstorms once again. Temperatures will cool down late Thursday into this weekend. && .UPDATE... Numerous damage points likely to warrant NWS storm surveys Wednesday, as debris ball and trees down near and upstream of Aynor SC were noted. Tornado Watch 99 for NE SC has been cancelled but still in effect a bit longer over our SE NC zones. && .NEAR TERM /THROUGH WEDNESDAY/... Complex weather scenario unfolding at this time. A low amplitude but well defined shortwave is approaching from the west. Low level wind response has been strong across the southeast with southerly flow increasing in the lowest levels. The low amplitude aloft however will yield significant veering with height and strongly cyclonically curved hodographs in the 0-2km layer with SRH values rising to 500 m^2/s^2 this evening. With regards to severe weather then, shear will NOT be lacking. Instability is the main forecast uncertainty with this event. Cloud cover has obviously become widespread and strong insolation is not expected. Surface trough and warm front now roughly stalled along the Savannah River appear key. Should this boundary advance north as anticipated then 500-1000 J/Kg of MLCAPE should manage to develop over southern and eastern zones. The WRF has almost 500 J/Kg more but is a slow outlier. The HRRR also has a weak mesoscale low along the warm front that backs surface winds just ahead of the feature, which would make this event have shades of 3/15/08 (though shifted just a bit south). The nearly zonal mid level flow will cause the system to translate east through the area rapidly, likely winding up offshore by 03Z or so, the remainder of the night remaining rain-free. Frontal boundary trailing from the exiting primary low from today`s system will have another wave of low pressure develop along its length Wednesday and moderate rains will spread northeastward across the region once again. Wind fields strengthen once again though not to the magnitude of this afternoon/evening event. Once again then instability will be the main factor modulating our chances for another round of severe weather. && .SHORT TERM /WEDNESDAY NIGHT THROUGH THURSDAY NIGHT/... An approaching cold front will bring a chance of showers and thunderstorms to the area through the period. Severe threat looks somewhat marginal as instability generally looks to be lacking outside of daylight hours and wind fields aren`t particularly impressive. There is some dry air forecast to be present in the midlevels which could serve to enhance severe potential though. Mins Wednesday night will fall to the mid 60s with highs Thursday in the upper 70s to lower 80s. Cold front moves off the coast Thursday night bringing an end to rain and dropping mins to the upper 40s to lower 50s. && .LONG TERM /FRIDAY THROUGH TUESDAY/... Cool and dry weather will arrive Fri as a deep upper trough traverses across the eastern CONUS. Dry air will wrap into the area Fri and temperatures will struggle to get to 70, despite abundant sunshine. Fair weather is expected through the remainder of the period with a gradual warmup after temperatures bottom out Saturday night. && .AVIATION /02Z WEDNESDAY THROUGH SUNDAY/... Dangerous flight conditions as low level shear and severe TSTMs rake NE SC and SE NC this evening before moving offshore after 4z. Isolated tornadoes are possible through early portion of TAF cycle to 4z. Aft 4z, WSW-SW winds 11-15 kt remainder of TAF cycle. Otherwise IFR/MVFR conditions through TAF period as low level clouds are expected in wake of severe weather tonight. Extended Outlook...Another system Wednesday night through Thursday will likely bring additional flight category restrictions. && .MARINE... Through Wednesday...Prefrontal southerly flow regime to become supportive of supportive of advisory conditions this evening into tonight. Advisory conditions may linger longer than the current 15Z exp time but did not make any changes at this time given low confidence and the impending severe weather. FROPA will not be a very clean one as another low will be approaching on another boundary, so winds will remain southwesterly as opposed to veering much behind this first system. Wednesday night through Sunday...expect SW winds of 15 to 20 KT Wednesday night into Thursday before winds become more westerly Thursday night. West to Northwest winds are on tap Friday through Sunday at similar speeds. Seas will generally run 3 to 5 ft with 6 footers possible at times nearer 20 NM into Saturday. && .ILM WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... SC...None. NC...None. MARINE...Small Craft Advisory until 11 AM EDT Wednesday for AMZ250-252- 254-256. && $$ UPDATE...MJC NEAR TERM...MBB SHORT TERM...31 LONG TERM...31 AVIATION...MJC MARINE...31/MBB
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Indianapolis IN
1144 PM EDT Tue Apr 5 2022 ...Updated Aviation Discussion... .Forecast Update... Issued at 944 PM EDT Tue Apr 5 2022 Going forecast is in excellent shape this evening and requires no significant adjustment. Precipitation associated with a wave of low pressure that passed to our south earlier today has exited the area, and additional upstream precipitation associated with a second, stronger low pressure system over the upper Midwest and an accompanying cold front will move into the area later tonight. A rumble of thunder or two cannot be entirely ruled out in portions of the area, thanks to some very weak elevated instability, but the steadily less supportive thermodynamic environment with eastward extent should limit this threat and also prevent any threat of stronger storms, as are currently ongoing along the cold front near the Mississippi River. Temperatures should remain nearly steady or decline only slightly overnight, and going forecast handles this well, comparing favorably to both LAMP and HRRR guidance. Expect upper 40s or near 50 for lows across the area tonight. && .Short Term...(This evening through Wednesday night) Issued at 256 PM EDT Tue Apr 5 2022 Early this afternoon, an upper wave across the Ohio Valley was bringing showers to much of the forecast area. Drier air is sneaking in from the southwest though. A large upper low was across portions of North Dakota and Montana, with a surface low and cold front to the southeast of that area. The upper wave will continue to push northeast during the rest of the afternoon, as the drier air also tries to work in from the southwest as well. Thus expect rain coverage to move northeast and diminish in coverage as the afternoon progresses. Will continue high PoPs where needed with chance PoPs elsewhere. By 00Z, only a few showers are expected across mainly the northern forecast area as most forcing will have exited. Most of the evening will be dry with central Indiana in between systems. However, overnight, 850mb winds increase to near 50kt, bringing in more moisture to the area. The surface cold front will work its way into the area late tonight as well. Isentropic lift ahead of the front along with lift from the front itself, combined with the plentiful moisture, will lead to high PoPs across roughly the western half of central Indiana by 12Z. Some fog is possible overnight thanks to a moist atmosphere, mainly east ahead of the rain associated with the cold front. However, the atmosphere looks to be fairly turbulent, so believe stratus would be more likely than widespread fog. Will add some patchy fog mention east overnight. The aforementioned forcing will continue to march across central Indiana during the first half of Wednesday, leading to likely or higher PoPs all areas during the first half of the day. Forcing will shift east during the afternoon, and drier air will work in from the west behind the front. PoPs will diminish from west to east during the afternoon, with dry conditions most areas by 21Z. Instability will be pretty meager by the front arrives later tonight and as it pushes through on Wednesday. However, can`t rule out an isolated thunderstorm, mainly south. A secondary cold front will move in Wednesday night as the upper low gets closer. However, this front won`t have any moisture to work with, so will continue a dry forecast for then. Seasonable temperatures will continue through the short term, before the cold air arrives. && .Long Term...(Thursday through Tuesday) Issued at 256 PM EDT Tue Apr 5 2022 Thursday-Saturday will feature a broad, deep, stacked cut-off trough slowly spin from the upper Mid-West to southeastern Canada. Yet, most of the day Thursday should be pleasant, albeit cool for early April...with latest guidance continuing to show central Indiana under rather brief partial clearing courtesy of the wide trough`s lone dry conveyor...before this drier patch departs into Ohio in the PM hours. An elongated tail of vorticity spilling over the amplified Pacific coast upper ridge...will become embedded in the periphery of the central CONUS trough, further amplifying the overall circulation while this embedded wave progresses into the southeastern US by late week. This will temporarily serve to wobble the circulation`s cold core further south into the southern Great Lakes. Persistently cloudy, damp conditions from Thursday night onward will include scattered drizzle and occasional light rain...and probably also a mixture with wet snowflakes, especially near and north of the I-70 corridor, and more distinctively at night when the cooler boundary layer will support more snow reaching the surface. No impacts are expected as persistent westerly or WSW flow should keep the CWA above 32F until precipitation tapers off around early Saturday. Precipitation totals will be light, with modest variations dependent on where the upper trough`s embedded vort maxs stir up a bit more lift. Sub-seasonal temperatures will be led by daytime maximums about 15 degrees below normal. Saturday night-Monday will start dry through at least the middle of the weekend...before a new unsettled pattern emerges with a cold front slowly crossing Indiana through the early week. Best chances for rain appear to be the Monday-Monday night timeframe as a ribbon of Gulf moisture combines with lift along the arriving front. So far guidance suggests precipitable water values near 1.00-1.25 inches for most of the CWA during a 12-24 hour period within this timeframe...which will bring the potential for additional moderate rainfall totals. While low-level shear would be great enough to promote widespread convection by the end of this Mon-Mon night timeframe, instability so far appears insufficient to favor organized thunderstorms. Starting Sunday...moderate southerly breezes will promote temperatures trending from slightly below normal to above normal. The normal max/min for the long term period at Indianapolis is 62/41. && .Aviation...(06Z TAF Issuance) Issued at 1143 PM EDT Tue Apr 5 2022 IMPACTS: * VFR conditions at all but BMG, which is IFR, will deteriorate back to MVFR and then IFR later tonight into Wednesday morning as a cold front approaches. * Showers will return to the area along and ahead of the front. * Winds will strengthen and veer to the south and then west with frontal passage. Gustiness to near 20KT will be possible late tonight, with additional gustiness to near 25KT possible from the west Wednesday during the day. * VFR returns late Wednesday. DISCUSSION: Another low pressure system and cold front will move into the area late tonight into Wednesday morning, bringing widespread showers and restricting ceilings and occasionally visibilities at times through mid afternoon Wednesday. At least a few hour period of IFR ceilings is likely at all sites late tonight into Wednesday morning, with conditions then improving to MVFR post front, then VFR mid to late Wednesday afternoon. Isolated thunderstorms cannot be ruled out but are far too low probability and coverage for mention in the TAF. Winds will be southeasterly or southerly early in the period around 10-15KT, with a few gusts to near 20KT possible a bit later in the night. Winds will veer to the west as the front passes, weakening to around 8-12KT before additional gustiness and some strengthening of sustained winds occurs a bit later in the day Wednesday. Gusts will approach 25KT with sustained winds again 10-15KT Wednesday afternoon. && .IND WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...None. && $$ Update...Nield Short Term...50 Long Term...AM Aviation...Nield
Area Forecast Discussion...UPDATED
National Weather Service Jackson MS
959 PM CDT Tue Apr 5 2022 .UPDATE... Updated for evening discussion. && .DISCUSSION... A much quieter night weatherwise is unfolding as rain chances have ended in the southeast and dry weather is expected much of the night but there still remains low chances that rain will move back into our northwest before sunrise. Satellite imagery showed a potent shortwave dropping over the central Plains that will approach our northwest Wednesday morning and help develop the rain. Otherwise, much warmer than normal temperatures are expected to continue tonight and only bottom our in the mid to upper 60s at most locations. /22/ Prior discussion below: Tonight through next Monday... Tonight through Wednesday: In the wake of the severe weather episode this morning, deep moisture has been drying out but low- level moisture hasn`t been fully cleared out. This will lead to a gradual decrease in rain or any limited convection across the Hwy 84 corridor with waning of daytime heating. S stream trough axis, per RAP analysis, is centered across far S TX & will slowly eject to the E-NE into the overnight hours. With increased ascent from approaching suppressed wave into the overnight to mid-morning hours & N stream trough/frontal zone digging to the SE over the mid- upper MS Valley & Great Lakes, moisture will remain. Sfc dewpoints will remain in the mid-upper 60s, with some lower 70s possible into Wed across areas along & SE of the Natchez Trace. Even with limited deep moisture, low- level Theta-E (i.e. +330-335K) will keep moisture up as no airmass change has occurred. With widespread cloudiness & high moisture, lows will remain well above climo into the mid-upper 60s. With continued Theta-E advection & ascent/divergence from upper jet, some rain & storm chances will increase into Wed. Rain will remain at minimum overnight before increasing closer to the frontal convergence by mid-morning in the Delta & more diurnal SE of the Natchez Trace corridor into the aftn hours. /DC/ With increased broad bulk shear approaching 40-50kts in the 0-3km & 0-6km layers, this will support potential multicell & splitting cell development. Kept graphic mostly the same, outside of a small expansion of the marginal to W closer to Natchez Trace, per some indications in the CAMs. Steep mid-level lapse rates of 6.5-7.0 C/km continue to indicate isolated large hail potential of quarter to golf ball size & some decent cold pool/gusty wind potential. This remains highly conditional, but trends in recent guid support this. The highest threat will be along & SE of the Natchez Trace & into the I-59 to Hwy 45 corridors. Along the front moving into the Delta, winds will continue to veer & most precipitation looks to remain anafrontal. Tomorrow night through early next week (Monday): Much quieter pattern will persist through the weekend. Mean synoptic trough axis, dry air & subsidence/high pressure will stall over the region & only slowly drift E. This will be in response to deep ridging over the N-central Atlantic. Cool & dry conditions will persist late week (i.e. Thurs - Fri) with highs in the upper 60s- low 70s Thurs to low-mid 60s Fri, as NW flow & CAA persist. Lows will be below climo in the mid-upper 40s Wed night, low-mid 40s Thurs night & coolest Fri night as the trough axis pulls away & any pressure gradient relaxes. Lows could fall into the mid-upper 30s & patchy frost couldn`t be ruled out. As ridge axis build E across the central Plains into next weekend & S return flow commences, WAA & gradual moderation of temperatures is expected (i.e. high temps into the mid 60s-low 70s Sat to upper 70s-low 80s Sun.) Conditions will remain dry through the weekend, before increased moisture, rain chances & potential stormy period is anticipated into next week. Stay tuned. /DC/ && .AVIATION... 00Z TAF discussion: MVFR cigs wl continue in the se this evening while VFR conditions prevail elsewhere until after 06Z. After 06Z cigs are expected to lower to IFR. IFR cigs wl prevail at most TAF sites until after 15Z and then improve to MVFR. MVFR cigs wl prevail through the end of the TAF period. A cold front wl move in vcty of GLH by 14Z and then progress through the rest of the area through the aftn. A period of -RA/-SHRA wl accompany the frontal passage. /22/ && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... Jackson 66 81 46 68 / 4 60 13 0 Meridian 65 84 46 69 / 9 59 35 0 Vicksburg 67 79 46 69 / 4 46 6 0 Hattiesburg 68 85 50 72 / 8 53 28 0 Natchez 68 81 46 69 / 4 36 7 0 Greenville 64 72 46 65 / 5 32 6 0 Greenwood 65 75 45 65 / 5 36 6 0 && .JAN WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... MS...None. LA...None. AR...None. && $$ 22/DC
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service North Platte NE
1002 PM CDT Tue Apr 5 2022 .SHORT TERM...(This evening through Wednesday night) Issued at 426 PM CDT Tue Apr 5 2022 The main forecast challenge through midweek revolves around the powerful storm system crossing the Great Plains. Associated weather concerns include fire conditions, high winds, and precipitation chances. This evening into tonight... The low pressure (both at the surface and aloft) at the center of the storm stalls over the Upper Midwest. This pattern places western Nebraska squarely in north/northwest flow. Maximized frontogenetical forcing at H5-7 combined with a ribbon of mid-level moisture is resulting in batches of quick-moving light rain showers today. Forecast soundings indicate a mixed layer to at least H7, which is reducing the moisture to sprinkles if anything. Expect this trend to continue into the evening and early overnight hours. Made no changes to the Red Flag Warning as the surge of very dry air at the surface as arrived from the west. Hourly dew point changes of 10+ degrees have been observed in the panhandle. Humidity recovery will be very slow tonight, especially for southwest Nebraska. Toward the pre-dawn timeframe, a weak surface boundary (cool front?) approaches the SoDak/Neb border. This extra forcing in the lower levels and perhaps some near surface moisture pooling may be enough to spark a few showers along/north of Hwy 20. Thinking coverage will be isolated at best through 12z. Thermal profiles suggest either rain/snow mix or all snow as lows range from the upper 20s to mid 30s. As for the wind, the strong northwest gusts of 45+ mph will continue through the evening, then weaken somewhat overnight. The main PV anomaly will be out of the forecast area by 03z, and RAP forecast soundings suggest enough wind shear to lower the potential for high winds overnight. Can`t rule out some sporadic higher gusts as H85 flow stays near 50 kts. Made no change to High Wind Warning. Wednesday and Wed night... The surface boundary pushes through the forecast area midday, with the greatest potential for moisture being near and behind the front. Maintained chc PoP (and some lkly early) across the Sandhills where mid-level moisture is highest and H5-7 temps are coolest for steeper lapse rates. Thermal profiles suggest snow to start with the vast majority of the column below 0C and some saturation in the DGZ. However, surface temps near or just below freezing will cut down on SLR`s and therefore limit accumulation. Nevertheless, a dusting (1/2") or so is possible for Sheridan and Cherry Counties. During the afternoon, coverage should become more showery in nature and scattered, in addition to a switch to rain for the main precip type. For southwest Nebraska, soundings keep more of an inverted-V profile and very dry air below H7. Left areas south of I-80 dry for now and introduced the threat of blowing dust. Still have good confidence in reaching high wind criteria with H85 flow at least 50 kts and a forecast mixed layer to near H7. Soundings indicate nearly unidirectional northwest flow from the surface to H4. In addition, surface pressure changes may exceed 1 mb/hr as the main surface low starts to drift more toward the Great Lakes. Nearly all guidance shows the axis of highest winds near the southern panhandle and far southwest Nebraska, which lines up with downslope off the Cheyenne Divide. Gusts to 65 mph are expected there, and perhaps sporadic readings of 70 mph. Across the Sandhills, gusts should reach 60 mph at times, and be possibly enhanced in/around any rain shower. For max temps, stayed close to the NBM mean, which also falls near MOS guidance. With weak CAA underway at H85 as shown by drops of 2 to 4C compared to today, highs should range from the upper 40s in northwest Neb to lower 50s elsewhere. Precipitation chances wane and stay confined to the Pine Ridge area and far northern Nebraska after sunset. Winds also decrease overnight as a weak nocturnal inversion develops and H85 flow weakens slightly. Used a general model blend for min temps, resulting in mid to upper 20s. .LONG TERM...(Thursday through Tuesday) Issued at 426 PM CDT Tue Apr 5 2022 The extended period remains very active with the deep low pressure meandering across the Great Lakes on Thursday. Another round of high winds is possible for western Nebraska with H85 flow near 50 kts and another PV anomaly crossing the area. Kept the High Wind Warning in place for all counties through 9PM CDT. Soundings suggest a deep mixed layer to near H7 once again but with less available moisture to support precip chances. Blowing dust will be possible for areas south of Hwy 2, where any moisture the last couple days was the most spotty. Max temps will be fairly similar to Wed with values in the 40s and lower 50s. Friday into the weekend, a progressive and rather amplified ridge builds onto the Plains and pushes the deep trough to the East Coast. The result for western Nebraska is a quick warming trend with highs moderating into the 70s for Saturday. Fair skies, lower humidity, and yet still breezy (south) winds will keep fire weather concerns high. The upper ridge breaks down on Sunday and a surface cool front swings through the area, which extends the fire weather threat, but then introduces moisture chances late Sunday into Monday. Beyond Monday, the long range guidance is trying to key in on better precipitation for the region, including both rain and snow. && .AVIATION...(For the 00Z TAFS through 00Z Wednesday evening) Issued at 640 PM CDT Tue Apr 5 2022 Very windy this TAF period. Expect northwesterly winds gusting at or above 40kt through sunset, followed by some lessening early tonight. Another surge of wind works down form the north late tonight with wind gusts at or above 40kt once again at KVTN by 08Z and KLBF by 09Z. After daybreak expect mixing will result in wind gusts at or above 50kt throughout the latter portion of the valid period. Vsby restriction due to blowing dust may accompany the gusty winds. Expect some lower cigs and precipitation will accompany the surge of wind late tonight with MVFR/IFR cigs in snow showers at KVTN by 12Z. Cigs look to remain VFR at KLBF with showers in the vicinity. && .FIRE WEATHER... Issued at 426 PM CDT Tue Apr 5 2022 A powerful storm system crossing the Great Plains will be the focus for fire weather concerns the next several days. This evening and tonight... A Red Flag Warning continues for all zones through 10 PM CDT tonight as a late surge of very dry air arrives from the west. Northwest winds will continue to gust 40+ mph through sunset and 25+ mph after dark. A few sprinkles cannot be ruled out from quickly passing batches of mid-level clouds, but no appreciable moisture is expected. If anything, the evaporating rain showers will result in briefly stronger winds. Overnight, humidity recovery will be very poor for areas along and south of Highway 2, where values will struggle to reach 50 percent. To the north, a cool front will provide extra cloud cover and an additional chance of light precipitation overnight. Wednesday and Thursday, humidity values will be high enough to preclude any headlines. However, the wind will be more than strong enough to support rapid and uncontrollable fire spread. Friday and Saturday, the potential for red flag conditions increases as temperatures increase, humidity decreases, sky clears out, and winds remain gusty. Speeds will approach 35 mph each day with Friday out of the northwest and Saturday out of the southwest. && .LBF WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... High Wind Warning until 9 PM CDT /8 PM MDT/ Thursday for NEZ004- 005-022>025-035>037-056>059-069>071-094. High Wind Warning from 6 AM Wednesday to 9 PM CDT Thursday for NEZ006>010-026>029-038. && $$ SHORT TERM...Snively LONG TERM...Snively AVIATION...MBS FIRE WEATHER...Snively
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Paducah KY
915 PM CDT Tue Apr 5 2022 .UPDATE... Issued at 913 AM CDT Tue Apr 5 2022 Monitoring severe potential for the overnight hours in the WFO PAH forecast area. Main concern overnight would be an increase in lightning coverage and some potential for small to near severe hail. Severe wind potential appears marginal, but some winds may briefly get into the 30-45 mph range along and near the cold frontal passage overnight. The HRRR guidance suggests there maybe an uptick in thunderstorms development over our southeast Missouri counties between 1am and 2am with a minor surface wave developing along the surface frontal boundary moving through central Missouri at this time. This activity will persist and continue into west Kentucky by 4am, persisting until 10 am in the remainder of west Kentucky. Although low level instability is very meager, HRRR MUCAPEs (most unstable CAPE) of 140-150 J/kg advect into the southeast part of southeast Missouri between 1 AM and 3 AM, working into and through the west Kentucky Purchase area between 3 and 7 am, the across the west Kentucky Pennyrile between 7 am and 10 am Wednesday morning. With mid level (700-500 mb) lapse rates near 6C/km during the 1am to 10 am time frame immediately ahead of the cold front, along with rather decent updraft helicities/vertical velocites, anticpate there will likely be some organized updraft/downdrafts with any thunderstorms along the line. With SPC`s expansion of the Marginal Risk area into the WFO PAH CWA this evening, cannot rule out isolated strong to severe potential with the thunderstorms, especially between 1am and 4am. A little less confident of severe coverage after 4am, but lightning potential may continue through 10 am, especially over the Pennyrile region of west Kentucky. && .SHORT TERM...(Tonight through Thursday) Issued at 316 PM CDT Tue Apr 5 2022 A surface low is positioned over Tennessee this afternoon and will lift northeastward through tonight. As it does so, rain will quickly depart our KY counties by late afternoon. Skies have cleared and allowed temperatures to spike into the mid to upper 60s for a good chunk of the region. Where the rain/clouds have been slow to clear, temperatures are still holding in the mid 50s in the KOWB/KHOP areas. After a brief dry period this evening, a cold front will move southeastward across the cwa tonight into tomorrow morning. A band of rain will accompany it. Given the timing, there isn`t much instability to work with, but the HREF guidance indicates some MUCAPE present for a few storms. This is most likely for areas along and south of a KCGI to Madisonville, KY line. SPC has a marginal risk up to our western border, which coincides to where the instability drop off will occur as the convection moves in after midnight. Some lingering showers will persist into Wednesday morning, but most of the region will be dry by afternoon (except possibly the KY Pennyrile). The primary surface low associated with the cold frontal passage will continue to slowly churn across the upper Midwest/Great Lakes through Friday. A secondary boundary will move through our area Wednesday night (with no associated precip), and will bring in a cooler airmass for Thursday. Waves of energy will begin to rotate southward from the primary upper low on Thursday and may lead to a few scattered showers in our far northern counties by later afternoon. However, most guidance keeps the activity just north of us, so have kept the current forecast dry through 00z Friday. .LONG TERM...(Friday through Tuesday) Issued at 355 PM CDT Tue Apr 5 2022 A very deep and closed off upper level low pressure system will be rotating south and then east through the lower Great Lakes region Thursday night through Saturday. Short wave energy swinging around this system will bring plenty of clouds, unseasonably chilly temps and some scattered rain or snow showers to north/east portions of the forecast region late Thursday night into early Friday. The main impact though will come with the rather blustery and chilly conditions, with gusty west to northwest winds and high temperatures only in the 40s to lower 50s Friday. A warming trend will then get underway over the weekend as the upper low moves off to the east and a surface ridge of high pressure moves through the area. In fact, after highs in the 50s Saturday, a quick switch to increasing southerly flow on Sunday should push afternoon temps into the upper 60s to lower half of the 70s. Mid level flow will become a bit more swly early next week as a cold front approaches the region from the nw. Not sure this front will make it through the forecast area, but it should serve to bring the next chance for scattered showers, possibly even a few thunderstorms by Tuesday. Temps should stay on the warm side, with most locations reaching the lower 70s both days. && .AVIATION... Issued at 547 PM CDT Tue Apr 5 2022 With the departure of on system, VFR conditions will dominate from the start of the forecast period to the 06-10z Wednesday time period, as MVFR ceilings develop along and ahead of the approaching cold front. Any IFR ceilings will likely be limited to a roughly two hour period before and after the frontal passage, which should cover the 09z-13z Wednesday time frame across all of the TAF sites. Anticipate most visibilities will remain above four statute miles, except in the vicinity of thunderstorms, but that potential should diminish after 18z Wednesday. && .PAH WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... IL...None. MO...None. IN...None. KY...None. && $$ UPDATE...Smith SHORT TERM...SP LONG TERM...GM AVIATION...Smith
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Pueblo CO
932 PM MDT Tue Apr 5 2022 .UPDATE... Issued at 929 PM MDT Tue Apr 5 2022 Per 00z high res data, and in collaboration with neighboring offices to the north, have expanded Red Flag Warnings and High Wind Warnings in time to begin at 9 AM instead of 11 AM. Signals in high res models suggest an increase in winds as mixing sets in between 9 AM and 10 AM across northeast portions of the area with dew points now drier in latest set of runs. This would bode for an earlier start to Red Flag and High Wind Warnings. Update will be out shortly. && .SHORT TERM...(This evening through Wednesday) Issued at 240 PM MDT Tue Apr 5 2022 Key Messages: 1) Cool front slowly pushing west-southwest across the western sections of the southeast plains. 2) Strong winds still ongoing across all of the region. 3) Another Red Flag day across the plains/SLV tomorrow with High Wind warning far eastern plains. Currently... Pretty fascinating meteorological event ongoing across the region as a very strong cold front is "backdooring" its way westward slowly across the region. At 2 pm, the front extended from roughly the KCOS area...to just east of Pueblo and then Southeast down towards SW Baca county and into far NE New Mexico. Temp at 2 pm were currently around 60 across the NE sections of the southeast plains while here in Pueblo and Trinidad it war around 80F. Temps have cooled dramatically across N El Paso count with readings in the U40s to L50s. In the larger valleys, temps were around 60F with mountains in the 20s and 30s. Rest of Today and into Tonight... Hi res guidance is in the ballpark with the current synoptic situation, albeit the front is a county or two farther west than what the HRRR has it at this time. Believe the front will slowly (with the emphasis on the word slowly) push towards the west with tine and should eventually push back to the mtns around sunset. Winds were still quite strong across the region with sustained winds in the 25 to 35 mph range with gusts 35 to 45 mph most locations. Showers (likely mostly virga) were noted over the central mtn region and the higher elevations of the Pikes Peak region. For this evening, another re-enforcing boundary is expected to push down the plains as northwesterly winds re-intensify across the Palmer Divide and gradually push south. In the meantime, northeast flow will continue over most of the plains. By last this evening the secondary front will push south to the NM border. Breezy to gusty winds from will continue through the night over the region, while winds at mtn tops will remain strong. Snow showers will continue across the central mtn region through this evening and into tonight. Tomorrow... Very dry air will push into the region with dwpts approaching Zero degrees F across all of the region. The continuation of strong northwest winds tomorrow and the low RH values will bring Red Flag conditions to all of the plains and San Luis valley tomorrow. The strongest winds tomorrow will occur over the far eastern plains, and confidence is rather high that these winds will exceed high wind criteria, and for this reason a HIGH WIND WARNING has been issued for the far eastern plains. Although it will be much drier tomorrow, temps will be noticeably cooler, with max temps only reaching the 40s to M50s across most of the plains and San Luis valley. higher mtns will be in the tens and 20s, with 30s mid mtn regions. With the strong winds and relatively cool temps, it will feel rather chilly across the region tomorrow. .LONG TERM...(Wednesday night through Tuesday) Issued at 240 PM MDT Tue Apr 5 2022 High fire danger looks to continue through much of the extended forecast period. Operational solutions diverge significantly going into early next week with how they want to handle the next upper storm system. Ensembles tend to support the previous GFS and currently ECMWF. Wednesday night through Friday...southern Colorado will be under strong northwesterly flow aloft, with an upper trough over the Great Lakes region, and high pressure to the west. Model guidance has a few light snow showers over the Central Mountains early Wednesday evening, drying out overnight into Thursday morning. Dangerous fire weather conditions are expected on Thursday with strong winds and low humidity values across the region. The gradient will be strongest out near the Kansas border, where northerly winds gusting near 60 mph will continue. Kiowa, Prowers and Baca Counties may need another high wind highlight. Elsewhere across the Plains, winds will be gusty as well, mainly in the 30 to 40 mph range. Dry air will be in place, with humidity values around 10 to 15 percent. The combination of strong winds and low humidity will lead to dangerous fire weather conditions Thursday afternoon. Afternoon highs on Thursday will top out in the upper 50s to lower 60s. The gradient begins to relax on Friday as the upper storm system tracks slowly to the east. Winds will remain gusty, especially out near the Kansas border. Gusts will be much less, mostly around 30 mph. However, humidity values will remain low, leading to dangerous fire weather conditions across the Plains. Afternoon highs will warm in the 60s across the Plains. Saturday...shortwave ridging is forecast to move across Colorado ahead of the next storm system. Flow will shift more westerly and mixing will likely produce warm afternoon temperatures. Highs will likely climb into the lower 80s across the Plains. Humidity values will once again be low, and combine with winds near 25 mph to produce near critical, to critical, fire weather conditions. Sunday through Tuesday...there is a high degree of uncertainty with the next upper level storm system. The previous GFS and ECMWF were both suggesting at an impactful storm system moving across the area early next week including Mountain snowfall and fire weather concerns. The latest GFS however, has changed dramatically over the previous run. The current spread in the operational solutions has an upper low somewhere from Wyoming to Arizona. The ECMWF and the ensemble mean are pretty close on storm track across the Four Corners region, while the Canadian is over Arizona. Fire weather concerns begin to ramp up again on Sunday, and especially Monday, which could be the most dangerous day. Snow will likely move into the Continental Divide on Sunday and prevail through early next week. The potential also exists for a few storms on the Plains Monday, but given the uncertainty in storm track, the setup is wishy-washy at best. The main takeaway from the extended period will be a prolonged fire danger concern into early next week. Mozley && .AVIATION...(For the 00Z TAFS through 00Z Wednesday evening) Issued at 240 PM MDT Tue Apr 5 2022 VFR conditions are anticipated during the next 24 hours at all 3 taf sites, KPUB, KALS and KCOS. Strong winds from a generally northerly component will continue through this forecast period. Winds may slacken up a bit this evening, but will ramp up again by later tomorrow morning and will be stiff out of the northwest tomorrow. && .PUB WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... Red Flag Warning from 9 AM to 9 PM MDT Wednesday for COZ224- 226>237. High Wind Warning from 9 AM to 7 PM MDT Wednesday for COZ095>099. Winter Weather Advisory until midnight MDT tonight for COZ058- 060. && $$ UPDATE...KT SHORT TERM...HODANISH LONG TERM...MOZLEY AVIATION...HODANISH
Area Forecast Discussion...UPDATED
National Weather Service Springfield MO
631 PM CDT Tue Apr 5 2022 Key Messages: 1. Another round of showers/storms arrives later this evening and continues overnight. There is a Marginal Risk for severe weather late this evening. 2. Windy on Wednesday and Thursday. Much cooler during the day Thursday and Friday. 3. Frost/freeze potential over Eastern Ozarks Thursday night and widespread frost/freeze potential Friday night. 4. Warming up late this weekend. 5. Rain chances increase again during the beginning of next week. .SHORT TERM...(This evening through tonight) Issued at 308 PM CDT Tue Apr 5 2022 A closed upper-level low will traverse over the Upper Midwest and drag along a surface cold front into the SGF forecast area this evening and into tonight. Showers and thunderstorms look to develop in the vicinity of that cold front. High-resolution model guidance suggests that showers and storms will develop in our northern counties around or just after 00Z. Modest MLCAPE of around or just above 500 J/kg, effective bulk shear around 60 knots and sufficient moisture with dewpoints in the mid to upper 50s would suggest a lower end potential for severe weather. As such, the Storm Prediction Center currently has a Marginal risk for severe weather over the CWA. Localized damaging winds and some isolated severe hail will be the primary threats for any of the stronger storm cells. With some turning of winds with height and both the RAP and HRRR hinting at an environment with around 100-150 m2/s2 storm relative helicity, a very limited possibility for a brief isolated tornado may exist this evening into early tonight. The main time frame for severe weather would fall in the 00Z-06Z time range, but may be delayed a bit over south-central Missouri as the cold front finally advances into that area. In terms of rainfall, some high-res guidance has been placing a higher band of accumulation around the MO/AR border, however a widespread quarter inch to half an inch of rainfall seems most likely at the moment. The cold front will eventually push through the entirety of the forecast area around 09Z as that low pressure system continues progressing eastwards. Current south-southwesterly winds will turn northwesterly behind the cold front with some gusts up to 25 mph possible initially following the frontal passage. Showers will exit the region by early Wednesday morning as drier air filters in behind the cold front. .LONG TERM...(Wednesday through Tuesday) Issued at 308 PM CDT Tue Apr 5 2022 A strong surface pressure gradient will persist over the area as that aforementioned low pressure system seems to settle in the Great Lakes region leading to gusty west-northwesterly winds both Wednesday and Thursday. A drier airmass with dewpoints in the mid to upper 20s will move in with continued cold air advection. Gusty winds and RH values in the 25-35% range will allow for some areas of elevated fire weather. Temperatures look to peak in the low to mid 60s tomorrow afternoon. A shortwave feature looks to round about the main upper-level low resulting in increased cloud cover and maybe a few very light rain showers over Central Missouri the second half of Thursday. With continued cold air advection, afternoon temperatures will only rise into the low to mid 50s. There may be areas of localized frost/freeze potential over the Eastern Ozarks Thursday night. Increased cloud cover will persist into Friday, with Friday likely being the coolest day of the week with temperatures topping out in the mid 40s to low 50s. Skies look to clear Friday night and winds lighten as that low-pressure system finally starts exiting the Great Lakes region setting the stage for a chilly Friday night. Overnight lows look to drop into the mid 20s and low 30s across the area leading to widespread frost/freeze potential over southeastern Kansas and the Missouri Ozarks. Below normal temperatures in the mid 50s to mid 60s are expected again on Saturday with northwest flow aloft. A small amplitude upper-level ridge will build into the region late Saturday allowing for a warmer end to the weekend with afternoon temperatures on Sunday likely rising into the low to mid 70s. Ensemble guidance is beginning to coalesce around broad scale upper-level troughing over the western CONUS during the first half of the next work week. This would lead to southwesterly flow aloft over the region and increased rain chances for the SGF CWA. Severe weather potential will need to be monitored for this time frame. GEFS and ECMWF ensembles anomalies are suggesting the potential for an above-average precipitation pattern setting up next week as well. && .AVIATION...(For the 00Z TAFS through 00Z Wednesday evening) Issued at 626 PM CDT Tue Apr 5 2022 A line of showers and a few thunderstorms will move through the area this evening and tonight. The highest chances for a thunderstorm is at SGF and BBG after 03z. Could be a brief period of MVFR ceilings and vis during any heavier shower/storm. Winds will turn northwesterly tonight as a cold front moves through. A very brief period of low level wind shear is possible overnight however too marginal to include in the TAF. Increasing westerly winds are likely during the day Wednesday, with gusts over 25 kts possible, especially at JLN. && .SGF WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... MO...NONE. KS...NONE. && $$ SHORT TERM...Langfeld LONG TERM...Langfeld AVIATION...Burchfield