Forecast Discussions mentioning any of "HRRR" "RAP" "RUC13" "RUC" "RR" received at GSD on 03/17/22


Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Cleveland OH
935 PM EDT Wed Mar 16 2022 .SYNOPSIS... High pressure centered offshore of the Mid Atlantic will continue to influence the region through Thursday. A cold front will approach from the northwest Thursday night with low pressure tracking up the front into the lower Great Lakes late Friday while slowly exiting Saturday and Saturday night. High pressure returns Sunday into early next week. && .NEAR TERM /THROUGH THURSDAY NIGHT/... The forecast remains on track and no changes were needed with this update. Previous Discussion... Beautiful afternoon out there as mid/upper ridging builds across the central and eastern CONUS in advance of a mid/upper trough moving through the Rockies. 1028 mb surface high pressure offshore of the Mid Atlantic is leading to southerly winds and warm air advection across the Ohio Valley and lower Great Lakes with 65-70 F temps common away from Lake Erie. A warm front is lifting northward across Michigan in response to all of this, but it has struggled to move off of the eastern basin of Lake Erie due to the cold marine layer. This led to fog over the lake and ENE flow near the lakeshore of far NE Ohio and NW PA most of the day, but the fog is now dissipating nicely and the flow is turning more southerly thanks to the boundary finally edging northward off of the eastern basin. However, we still have a weak surface pressure gradient, so a more traditional lake breeze has set up near the lakeshore from downtown Cleveland eastward this afternoon dropping temps back into the 40s and 50s as of 3 PM. This lake breeze circulation should begin to dissipate after 22Z allowing the warmer inland air to get back to the lakeshore communities for the mid to late evening. For tonight and Thursday, mid/upper subtropical ridging will remain in control across the eastern CONUS while the surface high slides further east across the Atlantic. The aforementioned mid/upper trough over the Rockies will progress into the central and southern Plains Thursday with surface cyclogenesis in the vicinity of KS and OK. Warm air advection will further strengthen ahead of this system, so see no reason why highs Thursday will not be at least as warm as today, or slightly warmer despite gradually increasing clouds. H85 temps around 6-8 C and decent mixing will support upper 60s to low 70s for highs Thursday, so went several degrees above NBM guidance. RAP and HREF guidance shows another afternoon lake breeze circulation beginning after 17Z, and this is very reasonable given a continued weak pressure gradient, so put in a tight temperature gradient within 3 miles of the lakeshore, especially east of Cleveland up the shoreline to Erie, PA. The lake breeze will likely drop temps into the 40s and 50s through early evening again. By Thursday night, the Plains shortwave trough will begin to phase with northern stream energy as it lifts across the MS Valley supporting the surface low lifting across Missouri while deepening. The cold front tied to the northern stream trough will sag SE through Michigan through the night approaching NW Ohio and the lakeshore of NE Ohio and NW PA by 12Z Friday, but model consensus continues to slow its SE progression due to a stronger trend in the aforementioned surface low tracking up the front. For this reason, opted to keep most of the night dry with scattered showers not reaching NW Ohio until toward sunrise. && .SHORT TERM /FRIDAY THROUGH SATURDAY NIGHT/... The big story for the short term will be the upper level vort max and accompanying surface low pressure system heading toward the region. Low pressure develops over the southern Plains late Thursday into early Friday and moves northeast into our area. Models bring the center of the surface low over the CWA by Saturday morning. It looks today like there is better agreement across models with precipitation onset, but the Euro and Canadian look to have a generally slower exit of this system which may lead to some lingering precipitation. The SPC Day 3 Convective Outlook has our southern counties just clipped by a marginal threat (Level 1/5) for severe weather on Friday evening into the overnight. There looks to be slight instability with lapse rates trending upwards overnight Friday. Dewpoints across the area have decreased slightly since past forecast, but dewpoints in the southern parts of our CWA remain in the low 50s overnight Friday. Upper level divergence and surface ascent may help bring in the potential for a rumble of thunder or thundershower to occur over our area. Given that, we have a slight chance of thunder across our region Friday night into Saturday morning. Precipitation totals are manageable with ensembles keeping QPF amounts for this system less than an inch across the CWA. This should keep any hydrological concerns for flooding minimal. && .LONG TERM /SUNDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY/... There is the potential for some lingering showers early Sunday morning into the afternoon before high pressure moves in from the south. High pressure will stick around through Monday ahead of the next system which approaches towards mid week. We look to have another round of precipitation at some point in the first half of next week. At this time, models are still in disagreement on timing of precipitation onset and departure Tuesday into Wednesday, but this is looking to be a mostly rain event. At this point the GFS has a trough in the eastern CONUS exiting faster than the European and the Canadian models which would allow for precipitation to begin a bit quicker with the GFS solution. At this time, kept POPs likely or less for the system next week given the uncertainty in long range models. Temperatures for the long term are on track to remain warm and above average for this time of year. After the precipitation moves out on Sunday, high pressure will lead to dry and clearing conditions. Depending on if a cold front swings far enough south on Monday, temperatures may trend cooler than what is in the current forecast. && .AVIATION /00Z Thursday THROUGH Monday/... VFR expected through the TAF period, with generally southerly (occasionally southeasterly/southwesterly) winds under 10 knots expected. A lake breeze will likely develop on Thursday afternoon. This may produce northerly winds at KERI/KCLE for a few hours, best chance at KERI. Outlook...Non-VFR possible with widespread rain showers Friday through Saturday night. The rain may mix with or change to wet snow Saturday night. && .MARINE... Easterly winds at 5 to 10 knots will shift and become southeasterly. These southwesterly winds will shift again and become generally northerly by Friday morning ahead of the next low pressure system. As the next system come in, winds shift and become out of the southwest and increase to 15 to 20 knots over the lake by Saturday evening. Winds will remain easterly but decrease by Sunday evening to 5 to 110 knots. Northerly winds return by late Monday remaining at 5 to 10 knots. During the period of higher winds late Friday, waves will increase across the lake ranging between 3 and 5 feet. Conditions will continued to be observed to see if there remains the potential for small craft conditions late Friday into early Saturday. && .CLE WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... OH...None. PA...None. MARINE...None. && $$ SYNOPSIS...Garuckas NEAR TERM...Garuckas/Maines SHORT TERM...Iverson LONG TERM...Iverson AVIATION...Maines MARINE...Iverson
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Des Moines IA
641 PM CDT Wed Mar 16 2022 ...Updated for the 00z Aviation Discussion... .DISCUSSION.../Tonight through Wednesday/ Issued at 354 PM CDT Wed Mar 16 2022 Key Messages: -- Low probability, high impact snow possible Thursday night/Friday morning -- Returning to warmer conditions over the weekend into next week -- Rain chances return later Monday/Tuesday Details: A most challenging mid-March forecast in the short term as models continue to trend/stay steady with the northwestward shift with QPF and chances of precipitation. Before then, it has been a fantastic weather day with plenty of sunshine and temperatures peaking about 20 degrees above normal. Elevated fire weather conditions have not materialized as widespread with several locations with relative humidity falling to or below 25%, but winds generally gusting around or under 30 mph. Still, GOES-East shortwave IR and derived fire temperature show hot spots likely from prescribed and planned burns today. Clouds are starting to press into Iowa as a cold front, trailing from a shortwave trough/surface low pressure cross the Canadian prairies, moves into the state. This front will stall south of the state tonight and help to focus rain chances on Thursday. These chances will develop ahead of a shortwave trough moving from the central Rockies Thursday to the western Great Lakes Friday night with low level thermal lift increasing through the day Thursday. This will produce chances for rain over central into southern Iowa during the day. After this is where things become interesting and there is divergence in the models regarding boundary layer and low level warmth and thus precipitation type. On the warmer/less snowy side, the 15z RAP and 12z/18z HRRR soundings show the boundary layer remaining too warm and yielding just a chilly rain at DSM, OTM, LWD, and CSQ. Conversely on the cold/snowier model side, the GFS/NAM soundings and to some degree the 00z ECMWF ensemble sounding at DSM and OTM shows a colder boundary layer developing late Thursday evening into Friday with temperatures at the surface right around freezing. Further, the profile is near isothermal in the low levels in the lesser known dendritic growth zone (DGZ) just below freezing between -1 and -3C. While the GFS QPF and snow ratios are too high and above the 95th percentile of its own ensemble (!), both the GFS and NAM paint a band of moderate snow accumulations from southwest Iowa through the Des Moines/Ames area up into northeastern Iowa. Examining cross sections from southeast to northwest across the state, the NAM shows not as much moisture in the upper levels while the GFS is juiced throughout. Both show strong lift developing within the DGZ with frontogenesis maxing out in the 925-850 and 850- 700mb layers. It is impressive to see the NAM and GFS continuing to be dynamically cooled through the day Friday to maintain snowfall per BUFKIT soundings regardless of whether that is correct or not. However, cross sections also show there will be dry air trying to undercut the precipitation from the north. This will lead to a sharp cutoff in the north/northwestward extent of the precipitation. Looking at probabilities of greater than 1" of snowfall, both the GFS and the ECMWF ensemble means shows a similar path with probabilities topping out generally between 20 and 50%. There are also low probabilities (~<20%) of greater than 3" in both of these. With this changeover occurring at night and the strong forcing, could see a period of accumulating snowfall in a narrow band. Current forecast is showing a swath of snow of around or less than an inch along an axis from southwest to northeast in the state. Confidence is low in this period given the differences in thermal profiles. If it ends up being warmer (e.g. RAP/HRRR runs), then a mainly rain event with possibly little accumulation on elevated or grassy/vegetated surfaces may occur to no accumulation at all. If the colder solutions (e.g. NAM/GFS) pan out, the amounts currently forecast would be too widespread and underdone wherever the band sets up with possible high impacts to the Friday morning commute. While road temperatures are well above freezing today and tomorrow, we have seen snow rates overcome warm pavement temperatures to accumulate before in March. Snow ratios will be below 10:1 making this a wet snowfall, whatever does fall. As the trough pulls away to the east on Friday night, ridging will begin to build back into the region. This will yield warmer conditions on Saturday and more so on Sunday, which will be similar to temperatures today/Wednesday. A new longwave trough will enter the western US on Sunday and dig deep into the Southwestern US/northwestern Mexico. This will allow for moisture return back toward the state with rain chances increasing later Monday into Tuesday. && .AVIATION.../For the 00Z TAFS through 00Z Thursday evening/ Issued at 641 PM CDT Wed Mar 16 2022 Main concern is the extent of MVFR and lower cigs aft 12z across the region. Hires models have cold front sweeping south lowering cigs to MVFR/IFR over northern into central Iowa. Otherwise increasing moisture will cause some -shra in the south and have continued VCSH for low chance category. Will monitor trends in cigs over MN this evening and update timing of any MVFR/IFR north into central with 06z package. /rev && .DMX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... NONE. && $$ DISCUSSION...Ansorge AVIATION...REV
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Green Bay WI
1010 PM CDT Wed Mar 16 2022 Updated aviation portion for 06Z TAF issuance .SHORT TERM...Tonight and Thursday Issued at 228 PM CDT Wed Mar 16 2022 The latest RAP analysis and satellite/radar imagery show a cold front moving east across Minnesota early this afternoon. A band of light precip exists along and behind the front, which is moving into far northwest Wisconsin. This band of light precip will be running into a dry airmass below 800 mb over north-central Wisconsin later this afternoon and most meso models dissipate the precip before reaching Vilas county. While that remains possible, added a chance of sprinkles prior to 00z north of Tomahawk and Merrill. Light rain chances and cloud trends are the focus in this part of the forecast. Tonight...The cold front will move across northern Wisconsin this evening and exit the Lake Michigan shoreline early overnight. Mid-level lapse rates will remain modest up to 6.5 C/km and shortwave energy will be lifting across Lake Superior during the evening hours. While the band of precip should weaken as it moves east, perhaps the right rear quad of a jet streak will be enough for sprinkles to persist across far northern WI this evening and left a chance in the forecast. Otherwise, plenty of alto-stratus and winds of 5-6 kts should keep temps slightly above the NBM. Lows ranging from the low 30s to low 40s. Thursday...Some guidance shows a surge of low stratus across north-central WI on early Thursday morning. Combined with ample cirrus overhead, skies may start out on the mostly cloudy side through midday. Partial clearing is possible in the afternoon as the low clouds mix out. Temps will fall back several degrees with highs ranging from the low 40s to low 50s. .LONG TERM...Thursday Night Through Wednesday Issued at 228 PM CDT Wed Mar 16 2022 The main focus of the extended period will be the passing low pressure system Friday night through Saturday morning. Thursday night through Saturday...This will be the main period to watch for active weather in the extended period. An upper trough will lift northeastwards from the Central Plains bringing a fairly vigorous low pressure system to the Great Lakes region. Models still differ on the exact track, but most have agreed to a more northerly track with the low passing over Illinois/Indiana Friday night through Saturday. Precipitation could start as early as Friday morning, as moisture and preceding warm air get some lift from the right rear quad of a departing jet, but the better precipitation chances likely won`t arrive until Friday evening. Given the gradual agreement in the models, increased pops for Friday afternoon through Saturday evening. That said, still suspect the snow totals are quite overdone by the GFS, as soundings and surface temps would likely favor a heavier wet snow with melting during the day, which would reduce accumulations. Daytime highs on Friday may also be a large player, as an early onset of precip would keep things cooler and possibly increase snow later in the day. The last player in this is still the track itself as well, which will affect the northern and westerly extent of both the areas that see any precip and those that see the heaviest precip. Thus, cautiously trended up qpf and snow for the region for this forecast, but expect additional changes to be likely with subsequent forecasts. Rest of the forecast...High pressure will follow this system to round out the weekend with dry conditions. Return flow will bring another round of above normal temperatures, with highs in the 50s both Sunday and Monday. A few could even see 60 on Sunday. Then temperatures begin to cool again next week as the next weather maker heads towards the region, arriving sometime near the middle of the week. && .AVIATION...for 06Z TAF Issuance Issued at 1005 PM CDT Wed Mar 16 2022 A cold front will move through eastern WI overnight, accompanied by a band of mid-level clouds. A secondary cold front will bring some MVFR/localized IFR ceilings to north central and parts of central WI late tonight into Thursday morning, but the low ceilings should rise to VFR by early afternoon. Farther east, mid and high clouds should prevail, though SCT cumulus may develop in the afternoon. Light southwest winds will turn northwest after the cold front moves through, then become northerly in the late afternoon and evening. Ceilings may drop back to MVFR in north central WI Thursday evening. && .GRB WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... NONE. && $$ SHORT TERM.....MPC LONG TERM......Uhlmann AVIATION.......Kieckbusch
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Wilmington NC
933 PM EDT Wed Mar 16 2022 .SYNOPSIS... Low pressure to our southwest will spread clouds and rain across the Carolinas tonight, and rain chances will diminish Thursday as the low moves away and weak high pressure moves across on Friday. Showers will again become possible Friday night ahead an approaching cold front. This front will move offshore Saturday night, with dry weather expected through Tuesday. A cold front well to the west will bring a chance of showers and thunderstorms to the region on Wednesday. && .UPDATE... Update at 930 PM. It looks like a victory for the previously mentioned two areas of convection as the inland area is moving out while the coastal activity, although mostly off the coast is cruising by. Some showers and thunderstorms now developing with the actual upper low itself in Georgia and South Carolina but even with some lightning popping up cloud tops are much more muted than previous activity. Long story short only light showers and or drizzle for a few hours before filling in later with the upper low activity. Once again with surface layer stable, speed and directional shear very weak and low capes in the minus 10 to minus 30 level, the severe threat is all but gone, Water vapor imagery shows various intrusions of dry mid level air which is distorting qpf fields. The western part of the CWA has had light to moderate rain for hours with even a thunderstorm or two. This appears to be more mid level forcing such as diffluence aloft and lightning. The central part of the CWA has had little activity while coastal areas are getting some light rain with lower level forcing with a front in place. Guidance is two camps for the remainder of the overnight hours with areas consolidating an eventually giving all of the area a decent rainfall event. The higher resolution guidance shows the current pattern in place with perhaps an uptick in coastal coverage while all precipitation coming to an end Thursday morning via the even wider swath of mid layer dry air. I generally opted for the second scenario per the latest satellite and radar trends. Finally with the loss of daytime any severe threat has all but dissipated. && .NEAR TERM /THROUGH THURSDAY/... Latest surface analysis shows a parent surface low pressure near the southern portions of the AL/GA border. A warm front extends to the east of this low, and has been moving northward over the last few hours. More of the area is in the warm sector now, with the warm front now roughly located along and north of a line from Florence, SC to Elizabethtown, NC. The Storm Prediction Center (SPC) in Norman, OK currently has most of our area in a Marginal Risk (threat level 1/5) for severe weather through late tonight, along with a Slight Risk (threat level 2/5) along the southernmost portions of Williamsburg and Georgetown Counties in SC. Through most of the area, damaging winds and hail appear to be the primary concerns (both at a 5% risk). The exceptions appear to be along the Slight Risk boundary, where hail (15% risk) and tornadoes (2% risk) become the bigger threats. As the warm front has risen over the last few hours, we`re starting to see an increase in MLCAPE (by about 100 J/kg or so). Trends suggest MLCAPE will continue to increase to upwards of 500-750 J/kg tonight along the southern portions of the forecast area. Bulk speed shear values, though they may not eclipse 60kts, create an impressive gradient this evening, as the parent surface low moves to the ENE, dragging the warm front with it. The problem is figuring out where exactly the low tracks. Most guidance agrees the low crosses crosses southern Georgia this evening, but solutions diverge from there. Some models show the low moving more to the northeast, which centers it more inland by the time it reaches our neck of the woods. Other guidance shows a more ENE trend, which keeps the surface low closer to the Carolina coasts. HRRR and RAP13 (which are basically cousins) have struggled today with radar trends, but are starting to slowly come around. This guidance keeps the low closer to the coast, so the official forecast reflects more of those trends. This increases the instability, so I kept more thunder in the forecast, becoming more widespread near sunset. Seeing potentially two rounds of storms tonight...one in the evening, the other during the overnight hours, moving generally WSW to the ENE. Storms are widely scattered in nature, creating quite a variety in rainfall amounts, from a tenth or a quarter of an inch to possibly an inch or more in some spots. Bulk of the activity should slow down before sunrise Thursday morning, with the surface low located in eastern North Carolina. With the boundary layer plenty moistened, expecting to see patchy fog set up, potentially dense at times. This may linger through the mid-morning hours, before dry air aloft mixes toward the surface. Weak high pressure enters stage left, skies clear out, winds shift from the west, and highs Thursday shoot up into the mid 70s inland and lower 70s at the coast. && .SHORT TERM /THURSDAY NIGHT THROUGH FRIDAY NIGHT/... The occluded low will be well to the northeast of our area. Mostly clear skies are expected Thursday, but a second storm system that will shift to the north of the region will drag a cold front across the area late Friday. There will be a good chance of showers and isolated thunderstorms ahead of this front. Lows Thursday night will be in the lower 50s and a few upper 40s in the colder spot, and lower 60s Friday night. Ahead of the cold front a good southerly flow on Friday, the highs will reach the into the upper 70s and to the lower 70s. && .LONG TERM /SATURDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY/... The storm systems from the southwest United States and the Pacific Northwest will impact the coastal Carolinas during the extended period. The first system`s low- pressure center will track from West Texas to Lake Erie. This low will push a cold front across our region on Saturday and bring a chance of showers and thunderstorms to the area Saturday, clearing out late Saturday as high pressure builds into the region. By Wednesday, the 2nd system will track from Utah into the Texas Panhandle and then into central Illinois. The high pressure will give way, and the increased southerly flow and moisture will have a chance of showers and thunderstorms on Friday. Temperatures will oscillate with the frontal passages. Highs ahead of the fronts will be in the mid to upper 70s inland (cooler at the beaches), and after the show on Saturday, the highs will be around the 70s and slowly warm back to the upper 70s by Wednesday. && .AVIATION /02Z THURSDAY THROUGH MONDAY/... Mostly MVFR conditions this evening with a couple of somewhat organized but seemingly weakening areas of rain and some convection. FLO has been dipping into IFR briefly where the heaviest rain resides but it appears mid level dry air will soon put an end or at least weaken this trend. Similar scenario along the coast with lighter rain. Overall see MVFR the dominant category for most of the night as dry air erodes the heavier activity. Some threat for IFR fog early Thursday if winds can diminish in the wake of the system and skies clear some. Extended Outlook...VFR continues until a quick moving low pressure system affects the area Friday night into Saturday. VFR comes back Saturday afternoon through early next week. && .MARINE... Through Thursday...Small Craft Advisory continues for the coastal waters through the overnight hours, officially ending at 2 AM EDT for the SC waters, and 6 AM EDT for the NC waters. There`s a chance the advisory could be cancelled even earlier, as seas may decrease below thresholds earlier than expected. Tonight, winds shift from the SSE to southwesterly by Thursday morning, lingering near 15kts throughout the day. Seas generally linger near 2-4ft, with a few 5ft waves possible away from shore. Thursday Night through Monday...High pressure will give way to a cold front which will cross the coastal waters on Saturday. This front will bring small craft conditions to the waters late Friday into Saturday night. Wave heights will peak around 6 feet in response to the south to southwest winds of 20 knots. Seas and winds will diminish as high pressure builds over the waters Sunday into Monday. && .ILM WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... SC...None. NC...None. MARINE...Small Craft Advisory until 2 AM EDT Thursday for AMZ254-256. Small Craft Advisory until 6 AM EDT Thursday for AMZ250-252. && $$ SYNOPSIS...ILM UPDATE...SHK NEAR TERM...IGB SHORT TERM...RH LONG TERM...RH AVIATION...SHK MARINE...IGB/RH
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Lincoln IL
843 PM CDT Wed Mar 16 2022 .SYNOPSIS... Issued at 322 PM CDT Wed Mar 16 2022 Quiet weather will persist through much of Thursday across Illinois with well above normal temperatures. The next chance for rain arrives later Thursday night and Friday as a cold front and low pressure system lift through just north of the Ohio River Valley. Cooler temperatures are expected for the start of the weekend, but will warm back up early next week. && .UPDATE... Issued at 840 PM CDT Wed Mar 16 2022 Forecast looks on track tonight and just a few minor updates done. The diurnal driven cu field from I-55 west dissipate shortly after sunset as expected, leaving clear skies across CWA at mid evening. Cirrus clouds to increase from the west later tonight with south winds generally less than 10 mph, light winds in southeast IL. Lows overnight will be 45-50F, not too far from normal highs for mid March in lower 50s central IL and near 55F in southeast IL. A 562 dm 500 mb low was over central Georgia while upper level trof extended from the Canadian Prairie Provinces down into the US Rockies. A weak upper level ridge between these systems was over the lower/mid MS river valley and into the upper Ohio river valley including southeast IL. A cold front extends from central MN through nw IA into central KS to 1000 mb low pressure in east central NM. Latest CAMs move the cold front se toward the IA/IL border and nw MO by 12Z/7 am Thu and slowly moving se toward the IL river by 21Z/4 pm Thu. Some mid/high clouds to spread east into the IL river valley late tonight, otherwise fair skies prevail tonight and fog formation will be limited due to lower dewpoints in the low to mid 40s. Far southeast IL has best chance of seeing patchy fog later tonight where winds will be light to calm and skies stay clear, though most CAMs keep fog southeast of Lawrence county. After a pleasant afternoon with highs in the lower 70s, temps have fallen into the mid 50s to lower 60s by 8 pm. HRRR model brings temps down into the mid to upper 40s by daybreak, with areas from Springfield sw near 50F. && .SHORT TERM...(This evening through Thursday) ISSUED AT 322 PM CDT Wed Mar 16 2022 A pleasant early Spring day ongoing as southwest flow aloft continues to feed in mild temperatures. Temperatures as of 3 PM are sitting in the upper 60s to low 70s. Diurnal cumulus are draped from roughly Bloomington southward toward Jacksonville, with these expected to scatter out by this evening. Two upper waves will move into the Upper Great Lakes Region and just north of the Ohio River Valley through the end of the week and bring our next chance for precipitation. A cold front associated with the northern wave will move through the area on Thursday before stalling out from roughly Champaign to Jacksonville as the southern low quickly approaches. Temperatures on Thursday will be unseasonably warm once again, though slightly cooler values will be seen west of the Illinois River behind the cold front. .LONG TERM...(Thursday night through Wednesday) ISSUED AT 322 PM CDT Wed Mar 16 2022 The southern stream shortwave previously mentioned will lift into the middle Mississippi River Valley, sending a surface low just north of the Ohio River Valley. Scattered showers look to develop along the cold front Thursday evening. A swath of moisture transport will lift northward into the area by Friday morning, bringing widespread moderate to heavy rainfall. The low will quickly lift northeast toward Michigan by Saturday morning, with light rain lingering behind it. Precipitation amounts look to range from about 0.50-1" across the area with the highest amounts looking to fall in west-central parts of the state. As cooler air filters in Friday night into Saturday morning, a brief period of a rain/snow mix will be possible mainly along and north of I-72. With warm grounds in place, little to no snow accumulation is currently expected. The longwave trough associated with the aforementioned shortwaves will slide through the Midwest states over the weekend, with upper ridging building in it`s wake Temperatures will be cooler for the start of the weekend before we rebound back into the upper 50s to 60s for the end of the weekend into early next week. The next chance for precipitation looks to hold off until around the middle of next week when another system looks to track through the area. && .AVIATION...(For the 00Z TAFS through 00Z Thursday evening) Issued at 635 PM CDT Wed Mar 16 2022 VFR conditions are expected to continue across the central IL airports next 24 hours, through 00Z/7 pm Thu. Few to scattered cumulus clouds with bases of 5-7k ft from I-55 west will dissipate shortly after sunset, leaving fair skies tonight. Mid/high clouds will spread east across central IL late tonight into Thu morning. Broken cumulus clouds with VFR bases 5-7k ft to develop/spread into central IL during Thu afternoon. SW winds are already losing their gustiness and expect winds to veer south under 10 kts early this evening and SSW winds 5-10 kts prevail Thu. A cold front will move through the IL river valley mid/late Thu afternoon with winds switching NW then NNE starting at PIA around 21Z and I-55 toward 23-24Z. && .ILX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... NONE. && $$ UPDATE...07 SYNOPSIS...NMB SHORT TERM...NMB LONG TERM...NMB AVIATION...07
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Lake Charles LA
949 PM CDT Wed Mar 16 2022 .DISCUSSION... Forecast was largely on track tonight with only minor updates needed to overnight lows to account for current trends. Temperatures are still expected to fall into the upper 40s/low 50s through the night, which in combination with similar dewpoint values, light onshore flow, and clear skies will likely lead to widespread patchy fog. Fog development is mainly expected to become an issue after midnight, continuing through sunrise. Luckily it doesn`t look like we will meet advisory criteria with this round of fog at this time. Otherwise, overnight conditions look quiet with no other areas of concern anticipated. This will of course change by this time tomorrow, as another round of severe weather looks to move through the region tomorrow night into Friday morning. Fortunately until then things remain quiet. 17 && .PREV DISCUSSION... /issued 652 PM CDT Wed Mar 16 2022/ DISCUSSION... For the 03/17/2022 0000 UTC TAF package. AVIATION... SCT/BKN clouds over AEX/LFT/ARA continue to diminish as the upper low that moved through yesterday continues to exit the region. VFR conditions are expected to prevail through the period, although with light winds tonight and clear skies, there will be the potential for patchy fog. Vsby reductions to MVFR (with intermittent IFR) will be possible late tonight into early Thursday morning. As the sfc ridge continues to move east, southerly winds will develop areawide, strengthening and bcmg gusty during the aftn. Clouds are expected to increase from west to east late in the day Thursday with the approach of the next disturbance, and MVFR cigs may develop toward the end of the period at BPT. 24 PREV DISCUSSION... /issued 358 PM CDT Wed Mar 16 2022/ SHORT TERM [Tonight through Friday]... High pressure will continue to move eastward out of the area this evening. Mostly clear skies will be expected this evening. Some patchy fog will be possible throughout the area tonight into tomorrow morning as winds will be light and will be expected to become more southerly this evening into tonight. Although there is not a significant amount of moisture present, the expected onshore flow may increase chances. A cold front will be expected to move through the area late tomorrow into early Friday morning. The Storm Prediction Center has parts of our area in a Slight Risk of severe weather with the rest of the area in a Marginal Risk. The the most significant threats will be large hail and lightning. GFS and HRRR model soundings indicate some shear as well as plenty of low-level moisture and mid-level moisture which support the possibility of severe thunderstorms. Temperatures will be expected to be near average over the next few days. The previous cold front did not have a significant amount of cold air advection associated with it and it appears the next cold front expected late tomorrow will not much cold air advection with it as well. 55 LONG TERM [Saturday through Wednesday]... As we start the long-term portion of the forecast period, we could see a few showers lingering just behind the departing front over the far sern coastal waters, otherwise dry weather looks to prevail through Saturday as sfc high pressure builds across the region while the departing trof axis provides a brief shot of nwrly flow aloft. Temperatures will be a little on the cool side as highs in the upper 60s/lower 70s will be a few degrees blow mid-March norms. The dry and cool conditions will continue into Saturday night as the high builds past us, with subseasonal lows mostly in the lower/mid 40s. Forecast soundings show moisture return commencing on Sunday as the high moves farther east and a srly low-level flow sets up off the Gulf. Meanwhile the next Pacific storm system crossing the wrn CONUS will turn the mid-level flow swrly, opening up the Gulf aloft as well. In response, a warm up will commence with highs in the lower/mid 70s...with Sunday night lows in the 50s to possibly around 60 along the coast. Rain chances return Monday as the initial in a series of disturbances ejecting newd out of the advancing storm system aloft combine with the good moisture expected (forecast soundings show PWAT values up to around 1.7 inches which would be around the daily maximum for the date). The chance for showers/storms continues into Tuesday when an associated sfc cold front sweeps across the forecast area...will have to watch for the potential for severe weather as forecast soundings indicate really good shear and decent instability/lapse rates. The whole mess is progged to depart the forecast area during the evening hours, with developing drier air through the column clearing out the area into Wednesday. Temps will cool as weak CAA develops in the front`s wake, although temps will remain seasonal with highs still in the lower 70s. 25 MARINE... High pressure will move out of the area later today into this evening. Another cold front will move across the coastal waters Thursday night into Friday morning with high pressure building in Saturday. 55 && .LCH WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... LA...None. TX...None. GM...None. && $$
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service New York NY
1134 PM EDT Wed Mar 16 2022 .SYNOPSIS... High pressure continues to move offshore as a weak low approaches from the south late tonight and Thursday, passing to the east Thursday night. Weak high pressure briefly returns Friday. Another low and its associated frontal system will approach Friday night, and pass through Saturday into Saturday night. High pressure then builds in through the beginning of next week before a frontal system moves through sometime in the middle of next week. && .NEAR TERM /UNTIL 6 AM THURSDAY MORNING/... Fog can be seen rolling in on satellite from the eastern ocean zone and moving over the South Fork of Long Island. The HRRR seemed to have a good handle on the timing and extent of fog so have updated the forecast to somewhat match this guidance over the next few hours. The fog will continue to expand westward and northward and then eventually reach the entire area after midnight. Cloud cover gradually builds this evening ahead of an area of low pressure that passes near the region on Thursday. A light onshore flow and low-level moisture will allow for the development of patchy fog across the entire area tonight, generally after midnight. The fog may linger into the morning hours before the arrival of the rain. Temperatures overnight remain above normal, ranging from the upper 30s to mid 40s. && .SHORT TERM /6 AM THURSDAY MORNING THROUGH FRIDAY/... Light rain is expected to develop across the region in the morning hours, with PoPs becoming likely across NYC and Long Island by 15z, expanding north and east into the afternoon. There remains some differences amongst guidance as to the precise track of the low and placement of steadiest/heaviest rainfall. In general though, the closer to the coast you get the likelier you are of seeing rain during the day. With weak lift and relatively limited moisture, only modest rainfall rates/totals are expected. Occasional periods of moderate rain may occur, especially earlier in the day. Otherwise, expect mostly light rain to fall. For QPF, stuck close to WPC guidance, which seems reasonable, with around a quarter to half inch along the coast, and up to a quarter inch inland. The rain and cloud cover will keep temperatures down compared to previous days, topping out in the 50s almost everywhere. The low quickly scoots east Thursday evening, bringing the rain to an end everywhere by midnight. A progressive upper flow allows conditions to dry Thursday night as the low exits and ridging briefly builds in. WAA sets up early Friday ahead of an amplified longwave trough moving east across the Central US. && .LONG TERM /FRIDAY NIGHT THROUGH WEDNESDAY/... Weak high pressure briefly builds over the area Friday as low pressure departs to the northeast and another system approaches from the southwest. With heights slightly rising aloft, mostly sunny skies and a W-SW flow, the area is set to see temperatures well above normal. In collaboration with neighboring offices have went slightly above NBM guidance across the interior with the possibility of temperatures overachieving. NYC and northeast NJ are forecast to have highs in the lower to mid 70s, which would be about 20 degrees above normal. Across interior CT and the Lower Hudson Valley highs likely reach the upper 60s to lower 70s. With water temperatures still being in the lower to mid 40s, coastal CT and Long Island will have lower high temperatures, in the upper 50s to mid 60s. Off to our southwest, an upper level trough approaches along with associated surface low pressure. A warm front moves through the area sometime early Saturday as moisture begins to increase. By the afternoon dewpoints are forecast to be in the lower to mid 50s. Rain showers are possible for far western locations as early as early as late Friday night, but doesn`t become likely until Friday morning. Rain showers can then be expected through Saturday afternoon across the whole area. With some elevated instability being shown in model soundings a rumble of thunder is possible, but will continue to keep out of the forecast for now with low confidence. On average about a quarter to half an inch of rainfall is expected, with locally higher amounts possible under some moderate rain showers. A cold front moves through Saturday night and a gusty W-NW flow follows. High pressure slowly builds in through early next week with dry conditions expected. Towards the middle of next week guidance begins to diverge on solutions. Another frontal system is expected to move through the area, but timing is uncertain. The GFS is the quickest and brings the system in by Wednesday morning. The Euro and Canadian are a bit slower with a more amplified level ridge over the east coast. && .AVIATION /03Z THURSDAY THROUGH MONDAY/... Difficult flight category forecast as high pressure departs, and low pressure moves off the southern Mid Atlantic coast early Thu afternoon and passes S of Long Island by late day or early evening. Monitoring fog bank currently drifting W from the forks of Long Island and SE CT that has already brought LIFR cigs to KGON. Indications are this fog bank will expand toward KBDR/KISP initially given light onshore flow, then westward overnight toward KHPN and the NYC metros as winds back E, while high clouds overspread the area from the SW. Think the NYC metros will eventually see IFR or LIFR cigs arrive between 06Z- 09Z and remain through the day as light rain moves in during the late morning and afternoon. It remains to be seen if the high clouds moving in can prevent a worst-case scenario of VLIFR conds at the metros before the rain moves in, from about 08Z-14Z. AMD`s should be expected as the situation unfolds tonight. Light SE winds become E overnight and then NE daytime Thu at the NYC metros and during the afternoon farther east. NY Metro (KEWR/KLGA/KJFK/KTEB) TAF Uncertainty... Timing of IFR/LIFR cond overnight uncertain. Worst case scenario of VLIFR cond possible from about 08Z-14Z, but high clouds may prevent this. .OUTLOOK FOR 00Z FRIDAY THROUGH MONDAY... .Thursday night...Rain ending, with gradually improving conditions. MVFR at the NYC metros 01Z-02Z, VFR around 06Z. .Friday...VFR. .Friday night and Saturday...Rain. MVFR or lower cond possible at times. .Sunday...VFR. WNW winds 10-15G20kt. .Monday...VFR. NW winds 15G20kt. Detailed information, including hourly TAF wind component forecasts, can be found at: https/www.weather.gov/zny/n90 && .MARINE... Areas of dense fog remain on the Long Island Sound waters and southward into the ocean waters, and the bays of Long Island. The fog will continue to spread northward and westward over the next several hours, and with areas of visibilities 1/2 NM or less have issued a dense fog advisory. As the rain move into the area toward morning visibilities are expected to improve. Winds and seas remain below SCA levels as weak low pressure approaches late tonight and Thursday, and moves east Thursday night. An increasing northerly flow late Thursday night and increasing southeast swell in the wake of the low will allow ocean seas to build to around 5 feet late Thursday night into Friday. Seas will be at or near SCA criteria Friday morning on the ocean waters and then may briefly fall below 5 ft Friday night into Saturday morning. As the next low pressure system approaches, seas rise above 5 ft Saturday and reach 7 ft Sunday morning. By Monday morning, as high pressure builds in, seas will fall back below 5 ft and remain there through the middle of next week. As for winds, a NW flow as low pressure departs and high pressure builds in may gust up to 25 kt Sunday night through Monday. && .HYDROLOGY... No hydrologic impacts expected through early next week. && .OKX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... CT...None. NY...None. NJ...None. MARINE...Dense Fog Advisory until 5 AM EDT Thursday for ANZ331-332-335- 340-345-350-353-355. && $$
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Pueblo CO
308 PM MDT Wed Mar 16 2022 .SHORT TERM...(This evening through Thursday) Issued at 254 PM MDT Wed Mar 16 2022 Key Messages: 1) An upper level weather system will bring widespread precipitation to the area tonight through Thursday. 2) Snow level starts out around 7000 feet early this evening, then falls to around 5000 feet Thursday morning. 3) Heavy, wet snow will produce difficult travel conditions over the eastern mountains and Palmer Divide from this evening through Thursday afternoon. Currently...two pieces of upper level energy are taking shape across the region and will impact the region through tomorrow afternoon. Satellite imagery shows widespread cloud cover spread across much of southern Colorado in southwesterly flow aloft. Temperatures across the far Eastern Plains have warmed nicely, with mid 60s near the Kansas border. Further west, cloud cover has kept temperatures in the mid to upper 50s. Radar imagery shows light returns from the La Garita Range, northeast into Teller County. Not seeing any observations reporting precipitation at this time, but would not be surprised if a few flakes are falling over the higher terrain. Tonight...complicated forecast in regards to precipitation type. The upper system is forecast to strengthen over northern New Mexico overnight. As it does so, a 700 mb low is forecast to develop and strengthen near Trinidad, with increasing easterly mid level easterly flow. High-res model guidance shows easterly winds increasing to near 30 kts overnight into Thursday morning. The air mass at the surface is quite moist with dew points in the upper 20s to lower 30s. Given the combined upslope flow, low level moisture and forcing aloft from the upper system, moderate to heavy precipitation is expected over the Eastern Mountains, into the I-25 corridor. At the surface, a boundary will turn flow northeasterly with weak cold air advection across the Plains. That leads to the issue of precipitation type. Snow levels look to begin around 7 kft late this afternoon and evening over the Palmer Divide and over the Mountains. Temperatures will be slow to cool off, with overnight lows in the lower 30s. Colorado Springs will only fall to around 30 degrees, with Pueblo around 33 degrees. Precipitation will likely begin as rain this afternoon and evening, slowly changing over the snow around midnight. Snow totals will highly depend on when the change over to snow occurs. The highest snow totals are expected over the Mountains and Palmer Divide. Its likely that all areas will see snow by morning as snow levels fall to under 5 kft. At times, snow and rainfall could be quite heavy, especially along the I-25 corridor. Thursday...the upper system will continue to lift into the Central Plains during the day. As it does so, mid level flow will shift more northerly and become gusty. This will also allow for snow to dissipate by mid to late morning north of Highway 50. Snow will continue down south along the southern Sangre de Cristo and Raton Mesa region, and east across the Plains closer to the upper and mid level low. Snow should shut down across the region by late afternoon from northwest to southeast. North winds, gusting to 45 mph are possible on the Plains. Temperatures will likely remain pretty steady, with mid 30s across the Plains. Precipitation will likely waver between rain and snow, with higher elevations continuing to see snowfall. Heavy precipitation should be limited to the morning hours, especially for the Eastern Mountains. Overall snowfall accumulations for the Eastern Mountain areas will range in the 6 to 12 inch range. Areas along the Palmer Divide will see 4 to 8 inches. Lower elevations will be highly dependent on temperatures, and when rain changes to snow. Generally less than 2 to 4 inches expected over El Paso County, and over the southern I-25 corridor. As for elevations under 5 kft, much will depend again on snow change over. If rain can change over to snow earlier tonight, higher snow accumulation totals may be possible. Mozley .LONG TERM...(Thursday night through Wednesday) Issued at 254 PM MDT Wed Mar 16 2022 Key messages: 1) Exiting low pressure system will still provide a chance for snow showers over areas of southeast Colorado for late Thursday night/Early Friday morning. 2) A weak upper level disturbance will provide a slight chance of snow showers over the mountains late Friday evening/early Saturday morning. 3) A break in active weather will occur over the weekend as a ridge builds in, with warmer and drier conditions. 4) A potentially strong and impactful low pressure system could bring very heavy snow and possibly even blizzard-like conditions to areas of southeast Colorado early next week. Detailed discussion: Wednesday night through Friday afternoon... A major shortwave trough is still going to be located over central CONUS and continuing to propagate eastward with the associated low pressure system exiting the region. There could still be some lingering snow showers on the backside of this low affecting some areas of the CWA going into the late Thursday night and early Friday morning hours. The NAM 4km Nest keeps the last remaining snow showers over the southern Sangre de Cristo Mountains going until around 08Z Friday (2 AM MDT), while the NAM12 still has a few snow showers over the Raton Mesa area and San Juan Mountains at 09Z Friday (3 AM MDT). The HRRR has everything ending by about 06Z (midnight). The GEFS and EPS ensembles display nearly a similar end time, with the majority of members ending snow by 3 AM. High pressure is going to subsequently build in tomorrow with clearing skies and warming up back to near seasonal average. Winds will still be rather strong and gusty over the southeastern plains tomorrow evening, closer to the low pressure circulation, but then continue to weaken going into the overnight hours. Low temperatures will be in the upper teens to mid 20s for the plains, and single digits to teens for high country. Northerly winds over the plains Thursday evening will shift to a more WNW`ly flow by Friday morning and continue to weaken and further veer to the west throughout the day. The weak downsloping winds will also help to warm up temperatures over the plains for Friday`s highs, generally being in the upper 40s over the northern plains to the upper 50s for the Lower Arkansas River Valley. Highs for the San Luis Valley, Upper Arkansas River Valley, and other high mountain valleys will be in the 40s, and anywhere from about 15 on the highest peaks to the 30s for the higher elevations. Friday evening through Sunday morning... Some of the models suggest that it will remain dry throughout the weekend. However, with the longwave trough still remaining overhead, other models such as the NAM and the GFS have picked up on a weak mid to upper level perturbation moving over the region late Friday night through early Saturday morning which could provide some snow showers over the mountains. The NAM12 appears to have a higher concentrated area of snow over the San Juan Mountain, whereas the GFS puts more of the emphasis over the southern Sangre de Cristo Mountains. This looks to propagate over the region fairly quickly and dry conditions will prevail for all of the CWA by late morning on Saturday as ridging begins to move in. Ridging is going to continue to move over the area with high pressure conditions being in place by later in the day on Saturday. Much warmer on Saturday, especially over the plains and San Luis Valley with a prevailing southerly wind over these locations. Winds in the mid to upper levels and higher elevations will begin to turn more SW`ly ahead of the next approaching major shortwave trough early next week. Near critical fire weather conditions will be spotty over areas of the southeastern plains, as the minimum relative humidity values look to be close, but above the threshold at this time. Sunday afternoon through Wednesday... The ridge will continue to move eastward as a deepening longwave trough with a very progressive major shortwave trough associated with it that will begin to move over Colorado and impact the CWA as early as Sunday afternoon with snow beginning over the Central Mountains. This has the potential to be a very impactful low pressure system with very high snowfall amounts. Ensemble guidance suggests that some areas could receive as much as 12 to 18 inches of new snowfall around the Palmer Divide and Raton Mesa areas. Depending on where the position of the low pressure center is will ultimately determine which areas potentially see the highest amounts. Deterministic model guidance has a fairly good agreement with where the axis of the tough will be itself, however, the position of the closed low at the 500 mb level differs between them. In the most recent runs, the GFS has kept the location the furthest to the NE over southwestern Kansas at 00Z on Tuesday (6 PM on Monday), whereas the Canadian has been shifting the low more to the NE to better match the GFS in previous runs. The ECMWF on the other hand, has been relatively persistent in keeping the 500 mb closed low more to the SW over southeastern New Mexico at the same forecast time. The 700 mb level looks to be more favorable with the ECMWF in terms of wrap around moisture and overrunning for the CWA. The GFS has the 700 mb level better favoring the Palmer Divide, but not as much the Lower Arkansas River Valley. The snow level will also be ambiguous with this system. Depending on the timing and location of the low could determine just how far south the cold air progresses and which areas in the lower Arkansas River Valley and eastern plains will see the rain transition over to snow. At this time, it does look like this system will provide a good amount of QPF for many locations, especially where there is sufficient upsloping. In certain areas more to the north where snow ratios are expected to be higher, a somewhat fluffier snow could contribute to higher snowfall totals, whereas the lower levels over the plains will see more of a wetter and slushier snow as snowfall ratios are lower. The potential is there of this being an "Albuquerque Low" type scenario, where significant upsloping could provide very heavy snowfall total amounts along the adjacent plains of the eastern mountains and the eastern facing slopes, especially along the southern Sangre de Cristo Mountains and Raton Mesa. This is relatively far enough out in the forecast that models could change and even a shift in the position of the low could result in a much different outcome. The brunt of the precipitation will impact all areas of the CWA on Monday, and then lingering snow showers will diminish and move out throughout the day on Tuesday. Winds could also be a major factor, being very strong and gusty as the deformation zone moves over, with potentially blizzard-like conditions over areas of the plains where heavy snowfall is falling. there will not be very cold air advection from the north with this and therefore temperatures will only be slightly below the seasonal average for most locations for both Monday and Tuesday. Continued clearing will occur later in the day on Tuesday as high pressure builds back in, along with weakening winds. The ridge will continue to move over with further warming and drying conditions for southeast Colorado on Wednesday of next week, although winds will remain out of the NW and therefore it will remain relatively cool for this time of year. -Stewey && .AVIATION...(For the 00Z TAFS through 00Z Thursday evening) Issued at 254 PM MDT Wed Mar 16 2022 VFR conditions at KCOS, KPUB, and KALS are expected to degrade to MVFR conditions by 05Z tonight at KCOS and 09Z at KPUB and KALS. KCOS is expected to drop into IFR conditions by 09Z on Thursday morning. Rain begins at KCOS Wednesday evening, quickly changing to a rain/snow mix and eventually completely over to snow through the overnight hours. 35KT northerly winds and snow will degrade visibility to 1/2SM through Thursday morning. Snow will end and ceilings will begin to improve after 17Z on Thursday morning. At KPUB, rain begins this evening and changes to a rain/snow mix after midnight. Northeasterly winds gusting up to 35KT and ceilings down to 1000ft will persist through Thursday morning. KALS will see vicinity showers move on station by 11Z Thursday morning with ceilings down to 1000ft and northerly winds gusting up to 25KT. All three TAF sites are expected to reach VFR conditions by Thursday afternoon, with ceilings climbing back above 3000ft at KALS by 18Z, and by 22Z at KCOS and KPUB. && .PUB WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... Winter Weather Advisory from 9 PM this evening to 3 PM MDT Thursday for COZ087-088. Winter Weather Advisory from 6 PM this evening to 6 PM MDT Thursday for COZ072>080. Winter Weather Advisory until noon MDT Thursday for COZ058-060. Winter Storm Warning from 6 PM this evening to noon MDT Thursday for COZ081-082-084. Winter Weather Advisory from midnight tonight to noon MDT Thursday for COZ085. && $$ SHORT TERM...MOZLEY LONG TERM...STEWARD AVIATION...EHR/MOZLEY