Forecast Discussions mentioning any of "HRRR" "RAP" "RUC13" "RUC" "RR" received at GSD on 07/11/21


Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Bismarck ND
1003 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021 .UPDATE... Issued at 947 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021 High pressure is situated over western ND this evening and will slowly propagate south and east overnight. With mainly clear skies and light winds we lowered temperatures a little over our normally cool areas along and west of the Missouri River. Atmosphere has dried significantly in the past 18-24 hours so will not introduce any fog. There could be some patchy fog in the normal low spots, but not enough confidence to mention at this time with dry forecast soundings and cams not hinting at any significant visibility issues. We may need to consider some smoke and haze going forward with smoke from distant fires encroaching on the forecast area over the next couple of days. So far there have been no reductions in visibility but satellite indicates an area of smoke over south central into eastern ND, with smoke aloft approaching from the west. Will pass this along to the overnight shift. UPDATE Issued at 527 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021 Slight chance pops were to go through 00 UTC, we removed them an hour early. A few showers were noted over southeast ND and into northeast SD but with a southward movement, they will remain out of western and central ND. An isolated shower can not be completely ruled out central ND with 500-1000 J/KG MLCape and steep low level lapse rates, but the latest Rap soundings show quite a bit of mid level capping so convection does not look favorable. Made some minor adjustments to sky cover, otherwise no changes to the going forecast. && .SHORT TERM...(This evening through Sunday) Issued at 230 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021 Warm and dry conditions highlight the short term period. Currently, upper level trough continues to push off to the southeast, while an upper level ridge builds in from the west. Surface high pressure moving south across the Dakotas, producing a light northerly wind. Enough instability and lingering boundary layer moisture (despite lack of forcing) to trigger a few isolated showers this afternoon. Opted to add a slight chance for the afternoon hours. Upper level ridge axis will continue to move into the Northern Plains tonight into tomorrow, resulting in a mostly clear sky over the next 24-36 hours. It will be warm and dry for Sunday, with highs in the 80s to lower 90s. Will see near critical fire weather Sunday afternoon across the west, with min RH values falling into the lower 20s coupled with a steady southerly wind of 10 to 15 knots. Will add this to the HWO. .LONG TERM...(Sunday night through Saturday) Issued at 230 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021 Ridge is flattened Sunday night by an incoming S/WV. Thereafter, we will be under a quasi-zonal flow regime Monday through the end of the week, where we will see, on average, seasonal temperatures and periodic chances for showers and storms as several embedded waves move through aloft within the flow. Extended models continue to strongly suggest a ridge of high pressure building across the western CONUS and Rocky Mountains late this period, eventually into our region the following week. This would support a trend towards hot and dry weather as we near the last week and a half of July. && .AVIATION...(For the 00Z TAFS through 00Z Sunday evening) Issued at 947 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021 VFR conditions are expected through the forecast period. Light northerly winds this evening will diminish overnight and turn southerly 10-15 knots Sunday. && .BIS WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... NONE. && $$ UPDATE...TWH SHORT TERM...NH LONG TERM...NH AVIATION...TWH
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Boise ID
901 PM MDT Sat Jul 10 2021 .DISCUSSION...Strong high pressure aloft will remain situated to our south as dry westerly flow aloft continues over our area through Sunday. Temperatures will be very hot in the valleys on Sunday, although highs are expected to be slightly lower. Several active wildfires throughout the region will continue to deliver smoke into our area. No updates. && .AVIATION...Mainly VFR. Reduced visibilities from layers of wildfire smoke. Surface winds: variable 5-12 kts tonight, becoming W-NW 10-20 kts Sunday afternoon. Winds aloft at 10k feet MSL: W-SW 5-15 kts. Density altitudes will remain high due to hot temperatures. && .PREV DISCUSSION... SHORT TERM...Tonight through Monday night...The weather story will continue to be dominated by heat, dry conditions, and smoke into early next week. Temperatures will remain 10-15 degrees above normal each day, with high pressure parked to our south and dry westerly flow aloft over the region. Overnight temperatures will remain well above normal as well making for dangerous conditions. An Excessive Heat Warning is in effect through Monday afternoon. Smoke from area wild fires will keep the skies hazy, with some mixing to the surface. The latest forecasts from the HRRR Smoke Model keep the majority of smoke aloft, but there is an expectation that air quality will be reduced into early Monday. LONG TERM...Tuesday through Saturday...Conditions will remain hot and dry as a strong upper-level ridge resides over the western U.S. This will keep temperatures 5-10 degrees above normal, just shy of record values. Dry west to southwest flow aloft will hinder monsoon moisture from reaching southwest Idaho and southeast Oregon and keep the probability of thunderstorms low. && .BOI WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... ID...Excessive Heat Warning until 9 PM MDT Monday IDZ012>016-030-033. OR...Excessive Heat Warning until 9 PM MDT /8 PM PDT/ Monday ORZ061>064. && $$ www.weather.gov/Boise www.facebook.com/NWSBoise www.twitter.com/NWSBoise DISCUSSION...BW AVIATION.....AL PREV SHORT TERM...MC PREV LONG TERM....SH
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Cleveland OH
948 PM EDT Sat Jul 10 2021 .SYNOPSIS... Surface low pressure over the Mid Mississippi Valley will drift northeast to southern Lake Michigan through Sunday. As a result, a warm front will lift north toward the area tonight. This warm front will be north of Lake Erie by early Monday morning. The low will slowly move north across the Upper Great Lakes through Tuesday while high pressure builds northeast to the Ohio River Valley. && .NEAR TERM /THROUGH SUNDAY NIGHT/... Minimal changes have been made to the forecast for the remainder of the overnight. Showers/thunderstorms moving east and northeast Indiana and southwestern Ohio this evening. This timing is very close to tweaks made earlier. Otherwise only made some minor changes to temperatures to reflect current trends. Previous Discussion... Quiet weather will slowly fade as drier air will be displaced by warm and humid air by Sunday. A positively tilted wave over the northern PLains is expected to deepen and evolve into the close elongated low from southern Wisconsin to northern Missouri by Sunday morning. Southwest flow ahead of the this feature and surface low tracking northeast will allow a warm front to move across the forecast early Sunday. Precipitable water values were around 0.5 across northern Ohio and northwest Pennsylvania. However, higher values around 2 inches over the Mid Mississippi Valley and southwest flow will bring in this moisture across the forecast area affection southwest and western zones before sunrise Sunday morning and the rest of the forecast area during the day. Expected precipitable water values to increase up to 1.9 inches late Sunday morning. HRRR has precip west I-71 by Sunday morning. As a result, will bring in rain chances across the west before sunrise and persist categorical pops through Sunday. Limited mid layer instability will be in play until the surface warm front sweeps north across the forecast area late Sunday morning. Surface cape values area expected to increase to 1000 to 1200 j/kg after the warm front...mid day Sunday and Sunday afternoon. With the orientation of the warm...training of convection is not expected with general amounts of half inch and isolated 1.5 inches on Sunday. Therefore, WPC has updated the forecast area to marginal risk. However, heavy rainfall is possible with very efficient rainfall processes but should remain isolated. We are a little concern with 0-3km helicity values approaching 350m/s ahead of the warm front especially over northeast Ohio and northwest Pennsylvania Sunday morning. LCL are forecast to drop from 1500 to 500ft. Both features lifts northeast before the surface base instability. Will monitor the evolution and intersection of all three features on Sunday. Elevated rain chances will persist Sunday night as scattered showers and thunderstorms Sunday night into Monday morning can be expected given the ample low-level moisture present. Lows tonight will drop into the upper 50s to mid 60s across the area. Highs Sunday will generally be in the upper 70s to low 80s. && .SHORT TERM /MONDAY THROUGH TUESDAY NIGHT/... On Monday, an upper level trough over the central US and associated surface low lingering over the Missouri Valley will become more progressive, lifting northeast throughout the short term. With the relative location of northeast Ohio/ northwest PA to the low pressure, the area will remain under the warm sector with ample WAA and moisture advection across the area. By Monday afternoon, daytime heating will allow for instability values to increase to near 2000 J/kg. This should allow for a decent coverage of showers and thunderstorms over the area, with current models keeping the greatest forcing to the west where the upper level jet is located. PWATS are expected to be near 2 inches which will allow for localized heavy rainfall. As a result of this set up, SPC has Ohio and NW Pennsylvania in a Day 3 Marginal Risk for severe weather. With the airmass maintaining tropical characteristics, WPC has also issued a Day 3 Marginal Risk for excessive rainfall. The evolution of this system on Monday will need to be monitored for the potential of severe weather. High temperatures will reach into the mid 80s with dewpoint temperatures in the 70s. By Tuesday, the center of the low is expected to be positioned over the northern Great Lakes, extending a cold front south across the Midwest. The general upper level flow weakens and becomes more broad, which will limit any upper level support for shower development. However, daytime heating and the frontal passage should provide decent support to get afternoon shower and thunderstorm development. The evolution of the low pressure system to the west of the area will be key in storm potential on Tuesday. High temperature on Tuesday will be a bit cooler in the low to mid 80s with conditions remaining muggy. Overnight lows through the period will be in the upper 60s to low 70s. && .LONG TERM /WEDNESDAY THROUGH SATURDAY/... On Wednesday, a broad upper level trough persists across the north US with embedded shortwaves. Models are not consistent in timing of these embedded troughs impacting the area so confidence in timing and location of precipitation remains fairly low on Wednesday. Southwesterly flow will allow for moisture to continue to be advected across the area. As a result, have opted to keep chance PoPs for much of the area, especially with the continued chance of daytime heating enhancing instability and promoting shower and thunderstorm development. On Wednesday night, models are pretty consistent with a low pressure developing over the north central US with an associated surface low. General flow should take this system east to northeasterly north of the Great Lakes. As a result, a cold front will likely move across the area Thursday night into Friday, however exact timing remains uncertain at this time. The biggest concern is with the progression of this boundary for the end of the work week/beginning of the weekend. Models are continuing to trend towards it stalling as a stationary boundary oriented east/west somewhere across Ohio. Persistent showers may result along this boundary which could pose a late week flooding concern. Overall, the systems in the long term will need to continue to be monitored for any threat of severe weather or flooding. High temperatures through the period will generally be in the 80s with overnight lows in the 60s. Dewpoints are expected to remain in the upper 60s to low 70s, so muggy conditions are expected to stick around for now. && .AVIATION /00Z Sunday THROUGH Thursday/... VFR conditions are expected through much of the night as we await the arrival of a warm front into at least central Ohio by sunrise. There are some sprinkles from KMFD to KCAK to KYNG but these should dissipate/end by 02z. Will then watch for gradually lowering ceilings overnight as showers/thunderstorms spread to the north and east across the region. Dont think we will see any MVFR ceilings until the rain arrives after 09Z. There will then likely be pockets of IFR with the heavier rainfall that could lift across the entire region through the morning, not clearing NW PA until early/mid afternoon. Light winds overnight become east 8 to 12 knots by sunrise then continue through 18Z. Higher gusts could occur near the thunderstorms. Outlook...Non-VFR possible in showers and thunderstorms Sunday aftn/eve through Wednesday. && .MARINE... High pressure over the Great Lakes region has allowed a generally weak east-northeasterly flow across Lake Erie. This winds will generally increase to 10-15 knots as an upper level trough approaches the region tonight into Sunday. The strongest winds will be ahead of the warm front on Sunday, approaching 20 knots at times. This will result in waves building to 2-4 feet in the western basin, however these should remain mostly over the open water and along the far western coast so have opted to not issue a Small Craft for any of the lakeshore at this point.Winds will gradually veer behind the warm from that will move north across the lake Sunday night, becoming southwesterly at 5-10 knots on Monday. The winds will increase on Tuesday to 10-15 knots as a cold front and associated tighter pressure gradient approaches from the west. The strongest winds will be in the western basin again, however offshore flow will keep the largest waves north of the area. The general flow across the lake will persist through much of the week and no marine headlines are anticipated at this time. && .CLE WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... OH...None. PA...None. MARINE...None. && $$ SYNOPSIS...FZ/MM NEAR TERM...FZ/MM SHORT TERM...Campbell LONG TERM...Campbell AVIATION...MM MARINE...Campbell
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Dodge City KS
1022 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021 ...UPDATE TO SYNOPSIS... .SYNOPSIS... Issued at 1022 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021 WV imagery indicates a northwest flow aloft prevailing across the Western High Plains. Near the surface, high pressure is sinking slowly southward across the Northern Plains. && .SHORT TERM...(This afternoon through Sunday night) Issued at 1200 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021 Cooler, drier and more stable air was in the process of filtering into SW Kansas at midday, behind this morning`s initial cold front. The process is slow at first, with radar imagery showing various reinforcements of the new airmass still arriving. Northerly wind fields will organize this afternoon, averaging 15-25 mph. Despite this, the atmosphere will still be warm enough to support max temperatures within a few degrees of 90 (about a 10 degree reduction from Friday). All models including the HRRR and the 12z NAM show convective redevelopment on the frontal boundary occurring southeast of SW Kansas, and all pops have been removed this afternoon through tonight. The cooler drier air mass will be reinforced through tonight, with 12z NAM depicting a weak 1020 mb surface high near Goodland by 7 am Sunday. As such a light north wind will continue through the night, and with precipitable water (moisture in the atmospheric column) continuing to decline, radiational cooling will deliver the coolest night we have seen in quite some time. Dewpoints will also trend down with time, and lowered sunrise Sunday temperatures several degrees into the upper 50s at many locations. Open the windows tonight for the free air conditioning! Some short term models suggest some stratus may enter the northeast zones late tonight. A 576 dm closed low is projected by guidance to hang out near northeast Missouri all day Sunday. On the back side of this cyclone, the cooler/drier air will be reinforced by a shortwave rotating southward. 12z NAM/GFS both show another 3-5C degrees of cooling at 850 mb versus Saturday, supporting afternoon temperatures only in the lower to mid 80s. Some MOS guidance is cooler than this, but out of respect of the mid July sun stayed above the coolest guidance. Some mid level clouds will be mixed with the sunshine at times, and as midlevel temperatures cool a few degrees, can`t rule out a stray sprinkle or light shower as ECMWF suggests. Kept forecast dry. .LONG TERM...Monday through Saturday) Issued at 200 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021 On the eastern periphery of the Great Basin subtropical high, it doesn`t take long to warm right back up to normal on Monday, with afternoon temperatures in the lower 90s. Additional warming is expected Tuesday, as heights/thickness climb and elevated south winds supply mixing, with mid to upper 90s expected. Wednesday and Thursday, high pressure weakens over the Desert SW, as a shortwave dives through the northern plains. An attendant weak boundary is probable somewhere in/near Kansas during this time. 12z GFS is wetter and cooler during this time, with some suspicious looking spurious shortwaves, while NBM guidance and 12z ECMWF show little if any cooling (continued afternoon temperatures in the 90s). Low grade pops from the NBM for Wednesday and Thursday are an acceptable compromise for now. By next weekend, ECMWF shows the upper high reestablishing over the Rockies, but continued northerly flow on its eastern periphery should keep at least small thunderstorm chances going. && .AVIATION...(For the 00Z TAFS through 00Z Sunday evening) Issued at 612 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021 A surface boundary will work its way across southwest Kansas tonight. Behind this boundary an area of low level moisture in the 2000 to 3000ft AGL level is forecast to spread across the Hays area between 09z and 15z Sunday. Otherwise BUFR soundings indicating VFR conditions over the next 24 hours. The winds overnight will be north northeast at 10 knots or less. The north northeast winds will increase to 10 to 15 knots after 15z Sunday. && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... DDC 59 85 59 92 / 10 0 0 0 GCK 59 85 58 91 / 0 0 0 0 EHA 60 86 60 93 / 0 0 0 0 LBL 61 87 60 94 / 0 0 0 0 HYS 60 81 57 89 / 0 0 0 0 P28 63 85 61 91 / 0 0 0 0 && .DDC WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... NONE. && $$ SYNOPSIS...JJohnson SHORT TERM...Turner LONG TERM...Turner AVIATION...Burgert
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Duluth MN
642 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021 .DISCUSSION...(This evening through Friday) Issued at 332 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021 Dry weather will continue through the weekend with smoky skies across much of the Northland. Temperatures will be just a touch above average for much of the forecast period. Next chances for precipitation arrive Tuesday into Wednesday. Today has been a calm, clear day across the region, and we are expecting a similar day tomorrow. Smoke from Canadian wildfires has begun to drift southward across the International Border and will impact the Northland through the rest of the weekend. Hazy conditions are possible this evening, but more apparent near-surface smoke continues to seem likely Sunday afternoon as a northeast breeze over Lake Superior advects it into MN and WI. There is an Air Quality Alert in effect for much of NE MN for fine particle pollution which is expected to reach levels unhealthy for sensitive groups. Our next chance for precipitation arrives Tuesday into Wednesday. The upper low slowly swirling to our south will begin to move northeastward, putting NW WI in the northwest quadrant of the surface low. At nearly the same time, a cold front associated with an upper level trough shooting eastward out of the PNW will begin to cross over northern MN. There is still some disagreement amongst the global models regarding the exact magnitude and spatial extent of these disturbances, so we have left broad precipitation chances across the region for much of Tuesday and Wednesday at this time. Embedded thunderstorms are possible but no widespread severe weather is expected at this time. Some lingering showers are possible into Thursday morning before we end the week dry on Friday. Much of the Northland is currently 3"-6" below normal annual precipitation so any rainfall would be greatly appreciated. Temperatures through next week will be generally a couple degrees above normal with highs in the 80s. Winter-lovers beware - there is a slight chance for another round of excessive heat with highs in && .AVIATION...(For the 00Z TAFS through 00Z Sunday evening) Issued at 642 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021 VFR conditions are expected for most areas through the period thanks to high pressure. Winds will be relatively light, less than 10 knots. There will be some visibility issues with smoke/haze from the Canadian wildfires. We leaned on the HRRR and have a mention of 5-6sm visibilities in haze at times through the period. There could be some lower values in fog, mainly at KHYR tonight. && .MARINE... Issued at 332 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021 Conditions over Lake Superior will be quiet and calm overnight this evening into Sunday with light and variable winds. Smoky skies are likely over much of western Lake Superior at least through late Sunday night. Northeast winds 10-15 knots build over the lake Sunday afternoon, which may lead to waves up to a foot or two at the head of the lake near the Twin Ports and around the Apostle Islands. No hazards are expected, though beach-goers along Park Point and Wisconsin beaches should stay aware of current wave conditions in case afternoon winds become more gusty that the current forecast indicates, which could lead to a moderate swim risk. Winds will ease overnight before the northeast breeze picks up again Monday, with the same effect around the Twin Ports and Apostle Islands. && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... DLH 58 83 56 81 / 0 0 0 10 INL 57 90 60 89 / 0 10 0 10 BRD 57 86 57 86 / 0 0 0 0 HYR 51 84 54 83 / 0 0 10 20 ASX 52 81 54 80 / 0 0 0 10 && .DLH WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... WI...None. MN...None. LS...None. && $$ DISCUSSION...Levens/Huyck AVIATION...Melde MARINE...Levens/Huyck
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Austin/San Antonio TX
646 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021 .AVIATION... /11@00Z TAFs/ SHRA continued to move to the north across our area and have gone with VCSH at the TAF sites for the next couple of hours until dissipation due to sunset and loss of heating. A surface boundary will move into Central Texas by Sunday evening with SHRA/TSRA along it. Although the best chances are at KAUS, have left mention out as PROBs are still low. Later forecasts will monitor model and radar trends for possible mention. VFR flying conditions turn MVFR late evening into overnight. KSAT/KSSF should have a few hours of IFR and have maintained mention. CIGs rise on Sunday to VFR by midday. S to SE winds 5 to 12 KTs prevail with the highest winds this evening and on Sunday when a few gusts to 25 KTs are possible. && .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 245 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021/ SHORT TERM (Tonight through Sunday Night)... Visible satellite imagery and RAP analysis indicate that there`s very little definition left (at the surface nor aloft) to the system that brought scattered to numerous showers and locally heavy rainfall over much of the past week. However, continued southeasterly flow in the PBL has us in a very moist airmass characterized by dewpoints in the 70s and even lower 80s at times, although the sensors may be running erroneously hot at a couple of these sites such as DLF. Temperatures reach the 80s and lower 90s today, which combined with the humidity will allow for pockets of 100+ degree heat indices. In addition, a few showers will continue through the early evening with the best coverage over the south half of the area. The loss of daytime heating should shut things down quickly around sunset. Can`t rule out a few rumbles of thunder through this evening, and isolated shower activity could continue into the early overnight along the Rio Grande, but chances are low. With ample moisture hanging around, seasonal lows are expected and clouds will redevelop. They should scatter out as usual prior to midday Sunday, and a slightly warmer day will be in store with highs forecast to reach the upper 80s to mid 90s. Again, some locations could see 100- 105 degree heat indices, primarily along and east of I-35. A seasonally anomalous trough will be digging southward through the central-eastern CONUS, and will attempt to send a cold front our way by Sunday evening. However, it will stall just to our north overnight before fizzling out. That said, there could still be some thunderstorm activity that pushes into our northern counties on Sunday evening through early Monday morning. The HRRR and WRF-FV3 depict a southward progression of this activity into much of the Hill Country and Austin metro (with the FV3 unrealistically early at a 21-22Z arrival), but remaining CAM/regional guidance keeps these storms along our northern border before fizzling. Tend to trust the slower and less robust NAM at this time. The latest SPC Day 2 Outlook does clip far northern Llano and Burnet counties with a Marginal Risk for damaging winds. Will continue to monitor trends over the next 24 hours. LONG TERM (Monday through Saturday)... The upper trough over the eastern US will begin to lift out to the northeast Monday allowing the subtropical ridge to strengthen a bit over Texas. The low level flow will continue to be from the southeast keeping the boundary layer warm and moist. These general conditions will continue through the long term period. The upper ridge will suppress convection over most of our CWA through the period. However, across the southeast and east where moisture is deepest there will be low chances for showers and thunderstorms. This convection will be diurnally driven with rain possible during the afternoons and early evenings. Models are showing somewhat lower PW values and any rainfall should be moderate. && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... Austin Camp Mabry 75 94 75 92 73 / 10 - 20 20 - Austin Bergstrom Intl Airport 74 93 75 92 72 / 10 - 20 10 - New Braunfels Muni Airport 74 93 74 93 73 / 10 - - 10 - Burnet Muni Airport 73 91 73 91 72 / 10 10 30 20 0 Del Rio Intl Airport 76 95 76 95 74 / 10 10 - - - Georgetown Muni Airport 74 93 74 92 73 / 10 10 30 20 - Hondo Muni Airport 74 91 74 91 72 / 10 - - - - San Marcos Muni Airport 74 93 74 93 73 / 10 - - 10 - La Grange - Fayette Regional 76 94 76 92 75 / 10 - 10 20 - San Antonio Intl Airport 75 91 75 91 73 / 10 - - 10 - Stinson Muni Airport 75 92 76 92 75 / 10 - - - - && .EWX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... None. && $$ Short-Term/Aviation...04 Long-Term...Platt
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Grand Rapids MI
1053 PM EDT Sat Jul 10 2021 LATEST UPDATE... Update .SYNOPSIS... Issued at 252 PM EDT Sat Jul 10 2021 - Risk for thunderstorm with heavy rain into Tuesday - Strong to Severe storms possible Wednesday night into Thursday && .UPDATE... Issued at 1054 PM EDT Sat Jul 10 2021 Overall our on-going forecast looks fine. I made some minor changes, like taking the mention of thunderstorms out of the forecast through the night as there is not enough instability. I did not significantly change our probability of rain through nor did I change our temperature forecast. The area of precipitation is developing under the area of best 700 to 300 mb Q-Vector convergence. The RAP model shows two area, both of which match very nicely to our current IR and Water Vapor loops showing there the cold cloud tops (IR) and mid and high level moisture is pooling (Water Vapor). The area closest to MI at 02z was centered over southern Lake Michigan and over time it rotates toward GRR by mid morning Sunday. It strengthens over the next few hours but weaken s after it gets north of I-94 toward morning. There is currently some limited dry air below 850 mb but that should be taken care of but the lift related to developing upper level system. There is a trowal associated with the area of Q-Vector convergence that lifts north with it tonight into Sunday. The lift in the trowal is not all that great but there is 1.5 to 1.8 inches of precipitable water to work with. So, it woulds seem as shown by the 00z HREF the area of rain will in fact lift north with time and reach I-96 by mid morning. Still I do not see any heavy rain in our CWA the rest of the night into at least mid morning Sunday. The latest HRRR does show an area of 1 to 2 inches of rain west of US-131 and south of GRR developing during the morning so we may have some issues with heavier rain after sunrise Sunday that we will have to monitor. && .DISCUSSION...(This evening through next Saturday) Issued at 252 PM EDT Sat Jul 10 2021 - Risk for thunderstorm with heavy rain into Tuesday Models continue to show a deeper southwest flow developing tonight and persisting into Monday. This will draw up an unseasonably moist airmass with PWAT values making it to at least 1.75 inches. Instability advects in as well so we could see some storms around...mainly Sunday into Tuesday. However there are some indications that the excessive rain risk may be lower than previously forecast. The low level jet trending further east and is no longer aimed at the CWA. Usually this would also push the focus of the heaviest rain further east. Also the mid level low lifts north northeast through the Western Great Lakes region Monday into Tuesday. With the best height falls over that part of the region...this would also act to focus a second area of heavy rain there. It appears the best chance for storm with heavier rain would be Monday afternoon into the evening if a shortwave could track through the CWA during the most unstable part of the day. Locally heavy swaths of rain could result then. As for the severe weather potential...deep layer shear does not look that impressive at this time...thus the risk for organized convection looks limited. Stronger pulse storms would be the main concern at this time. - Strong to Severe storms possible Wednesday night into Thursday Latest model trends show a stronger low level jet moving in from the southwest Wednesday night and pushing east of the CWA on Thursday. The associated mid level wave tracks eastward through the Great Lakes Region. With modest instability show and increasing deep layer shear some organized convection looks possible. However the timing of the low level jets arrival at night may limit the overall severe weather risk. Timing changes on the arrival of the wave could alter the organized storm risk. && .AVIATION...(For the 00Z TAFS through 00Z Sunday evening) Issued at 635 PM EDT Sat Jul 10 2021 A storm system from the Central Plains is expected to move into the southern Great Lakes overnight. There are some questions as to just how far north the rain shield from this storm gets Sunday. Some models or even different hourly runs of the same model like the HRRR/RAP either show heavy rain as far north as I-96 and others not so much. The 15z run of the SPC SREF plumes shows 1/3 of the 27 members giving nearly no rain at GRR Sunday. Yet another 1/3 haver over a half inch of rain. The glitch is just how the upper low and associated surface low move in this weak upper flow pattern. There is a digging jet on the back side of the upper level system yet so it should dig south into Sunday. We are just not sure how far it will get. If the drier version of life prevails, you will see VFR conditions will prevail at all of our I-96 TAF sites through Sunday with NO RAIN at all. It does seem to this forecaster the moisture/rain should get as far north so that rain should impact I-94 by mid morning Sunday. In the dry version of this, it would more so be sprinkles than any impactful rainfall, even for the I-94 TAF sites. It would be questionable if the MVFR cigs could even get that far north Sunday. If the wetter solutions prevail, then expect solid IFR cigs with strong east winds at the surface (15 to 25 knots gusting to near 35 knots). There would also be a steady moderate to heavy rain over the entire I-96/I-94 corridor for a good part of the day time on Sunday. Still, do not expect much in the way of thunderstorms. For now, not begins totally sure how this will play out, I have mostly light rain at all TAF sites (the instability for thunderstorms is more toward I-80 tomorrow). I based the TAFS on the SPC SREF plumes. Remember it shows 2/3rds of the members having rain at all TAF sites Sunday. I played the odds that favor the dominant solution, which is rain. I-94 is more likely to see at least some rain Sunday and more likely to get IFR cigs at some point during the day. With the system center tracking south of this area Sunday, it will be hard to clear the low clouds out once they move in. No matter what it will be cloudy all day Sunday. Cloud based will be no higher than around 5000 ft, with east winds of at least 10 to 20 knots with gusts to near 30 knots at times. Expect layered to nearly solidly clouds from at least 5000 ft to over 30000 feet. The freezing level is near 13000 ft for tomorrow, so expect significant icing above that level. Not the best of all possible days to fly for sure. && .MARINE... Issued at 252 PM EDT Sat Jul 10 2021 An easterly flow will strengthen later tonight and on Sunday. Gusts over 20 knots look likely mainly for central and southern zones. Wave heights will be limited given the offshore component so no Beach Hazards needed at this time. Another wind and higher wave event looks likely for later Wednesday into Thursday. && .GRR WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... MI...None. LM...Small Craft Advisory from 2 AM to 5 PM EDT Sunday for LMZ844>847. && $$ UPDATE...WDM SYNOPSIS...MJS DISCUSSION...MJS AVIATION...WDM MARINE...MJS
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Indianapolis IN
1143 PM EDT Sat Jul 10 2021 ...Updated Aviation Discussion... .Forecast Update... Issued at 1122 PM EDT Sat Jul 10 2021 Radar and HRRR reflectivity progs support convection decreasing from southwest to northeast overnight. No flooding reported and MRMS radar QPF estimates were only showing a thin band of greater than 2 inch amounts. With that in mind and after coordinating with PAH, LMK and ILX, dropped the Flash Flood Watch that was set to expire at 8 AM. && .Short Term...(This evening through Sunday night) Issued at 307 PM EDT Sat Jul 10 2021 Short Term Highlights... ...Heavy rain, flash flood, and isolated severe weather potential for southern/SW counties of central Indiana... ...Showers and thunderstorms become more widespread late afternoon and tonight for rest of central Indiana... ...Storms become scattered on Sunday but still brief heavy rain... Conditions are relatively quiet at this time over central Indiana with just isolated showers, but this is about to change. Currently, the effective warm front is harder to discern across IL into southwest IN, with convective boundaries from morning convection still in play across the lower OH and mid MS Valleys. Latest mesoanalysis data reveals surface-based CAPEs from 2500-3500 J/kg (and MLCAPE 1500-200 J/kg) from southern MO eastward through central KY, with an instability gradient near the OH River/southern IN, a sign of the existing warm frontal boundary. Meanwhile, effective shear is running around 30 kts, enough for storm organization. With forcing along low-level boundaries and support from the southern tail of the earlier MCV now over western IL, convection has already begun to fire over central IL back to STL. Additional development will occur quickly late this afternoon and head east into central IN and points south. While the greatest instability will remain south of our forecast area (latest HRRR shows this well), there is enough existing instability (500-1000 J/kg) over our southern counties and about 500 J/kg farther north for convective cells to maintain themselves as they move across central IN late this afternoon and evening. Matter of fact, the modest instability in our area will result in shallower convection but highly efficient rainfall production with effective collision-coalescence (warm cloud) processes in play. The rain will pass across the current Flash Flood Watch area, so will maintain the Watch as is in space and time (til 12 UTC Sunday) for the time being. Meanwhile, the strong/severe convection that develops late this afternoon to our south and west (within/near the max instability axis) should slide ESE or SE. Latest HRRR actually shows bowing structures in its reflectivity forecast from SE MO into KY, which makes sense as DCAPEs and low-level lapse rates are quite conducive for this to our south and west, but cannot preclude this (isolated wind damage) completely in our southern counties by any means. Later this evening and overnight, rain and embedded convection from the MCS will continue to cross central IN, and an interesting possibility could evolve. This is some hint that there could be a secondary precip max (the first one associated with the intense convection to our south) over our central and/or northern counties of central IN, associated with what looks like a deformation zone- like setup just north and east of a mid-level shortwave or what could become an MCV within the MCS. Will have to monitor that and how that affects precip coverage and amounts, and whether that could result in heavy rain and any flood concerns north of the current Flash Flood Watch. No Watch expansion at this time, but will monitor this tonight to see how things evolve. On Sunday, most of the rain and convection will have existed central IN to the northeast. This should leave a relative lull in precip although low clouds should remain for awhile, but some breaks of sunshine may develop during the day in the wake of the precip. As a result, enough warmth, moisture transport, and instability will exist within a deep S to SW flow pattern aloft ahead of a closing off mid-level low over the mid MS Valley to produce at least scattered afternoon convection across central IN, some with brief heavy rain. Temp-wise, expect lows tonight basically from 65-70 unless rain cooled slightly below that, with afternoon highs Sunday in the upper 70s and lower 80s depending on cloud cover trends (slightly higher if even afternoon sun). && .Long Term...(Monday through Saturday) Issued at 307 PM EDT Sat Jul 10 2021 Ensemble means suggest an upper low, initially over the Midwest, will lift off to the northeast early in the extended. However, it appears a piece of this upper low may hang back across the area for most of next week. As the upper low begins to move away, convective potential should diminish some by early next week. However, with a weak upper trough axis hanging back across the local area, will keep some PoPs in the forecast for much of next week. The ensembles suggest another disturbance may move into the area from the northwest later next week, around Thursday into next Saturday. May increase the PoPs towards the end of the extended to cover the enhanced convective potential with this next wave. Long range operational models suggest precipitable waters near or in excess of 2 inches may accompany this feature, so heavy rainfall may become a threat late next week. && .Aviation...(06Z TAF Issuance) Issued at 1142 PM EDT Sat Jul 10 2021 IMPACTS: -Trends and GFS LAMP support mostly IFR ceilings through 17z or so. -Pulled thunder mention with little recent lightning strikes. DISCUSSION: Showers will decrease in coverage overnight. There could possibly be an isolated brief thunderstorm, but chances too low to mention with instability dropping off. Poor flying conditions with low ceilings will be the main concern through Sunday morning. && .IND WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... None. && $$ Update...MK Short Term...Funk Long Term...JAS Aviation...MK
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Louisville KY
1127 PM EDT Sat Jul 10 2021 .Mesoscale Update... Issued at 1110 PM EDT Sat Jul 10 2021 Strong leading line convection is making its way into the I-65 corridor in KY, and finally starting to weaken. In the next couple hrs southern Indiana and north-central KY will catch a break in the action for the next few hrs. Will clip most of our Indiana counties out of the Flash Flood Watch. However, an east-west line is setting up back into southern Missouri, with a moisture-rich air mass (PWAT exceeding 2 inches) that has not been worked over. While convection is pushing steadily eastward, we could see repeated bouts of heavy rainfall overnight in south central Kentucky. Therefore we will expand the Watch to the south and east for the rest of the night. Issued at 904 PM EDT Sat Jul 10 2021 Initial convective band that affected the region earlier continues to push northeastward through northeastern KY. This convection will pose a threat of heavy rainfall and gusty winds to our northeastern Bluegrass counties over the next hour. Upstream convection continues across southwestern IN and into northwestern KY. Latest mesoanalysis reveals that MLCAPE values continue to decrease with the loss of heating. Values are generally in the 1200-1700 J/Kg range. Nocturnal low-level jet axis has picked up a bit, so environmental shear values are in the 25-30kt range. Convection should continue to push eastward and southeastward with time over the next 1-2 hours. Main threats with this activity would be heavy rainfall, gusty winds (40-45 MPH), and cloud to ground lightning. Highest risk of severe storms looks to be confined to our southwestern CWA over the next 2-3 hours. This is where slightly higher amounts of MLCAPE reside and this area hasn`t been worked over from previous convection. Portions of Ohio/Butler/Logan/Grayson counties could see some stronger storms as this line passes through. Some training of cells is possible and that could result in some flooding issues. Latest 1hr FFG values are up around 2.3-2.5 in/hr with 3h FFG values up near 3-3.1 in/hr in these areas. Last few runs of the HRRR have been targeting this area with strong storms and heavy rainfall. Issued at 756 PM EDT Sat Jul 10 2021 Convection continues to lift northeastward into southern and southeastern Indiana this evening. Overall, the convection remains generally sub-severe, though a few storms did pulse up and required some warnings given velocity signatures. A relative lull in the activity is currently being seen across portions of north-central and east-central KY. Within the broad warm sector, just a few scattered storms have developed near the Bowling Green area. Atmosphere remains unstable with MLCAPE values between 1500-2000 J/Kg. Low-mid level lapse rates have fallen off a bit with rates generally between 5.5-6.2 C/Km. Effective shear values generally remain below 25 knots. Currently, strongest effective shear resides just north of the CWA. We continue to watch an arcing line of convection coming into southwest Indiana this evening. This activity is getting ready to push into the Evansville area. This activity continues to push eastward at about 35 knots and the overall appearance supports that is mainly cold pool driven at this point. Ongoing and previous convection out ahead of this line has helped stabilize the atmosphere somewhat. However, gusts to 50-55 MPH with this line look possible over the next 1-2 hours before the boundary layer become more stable and instability wanes due to loss of heating. Strong moisture flux continues out ahead of this line where mid 70 dewpoints were located. PWAT values are in the 1.9-2.2 inch range. So while the line may produce less in terms of severe weather, heavy rainfall is very much likely and with storms moving over the same areas that have already received rainfall, isolated to scattered flooding concerns may become the main weather hazard over the next several hours, especially across far NW KY and southern IN. Issued at 618 PM EDT Sat Jul 10 2021 Surface warm front continues to lift northward into southern Indiana early this evening. Just behind the frontal boundary an arcing line of convection extends from near Jasper, Indiana southeastward through Fort Knox and then down towards Lancaster, KY. Convection in this line is fairly strong with a few cells that were strong enough to warrant a warning or two. Atmosphere is relatively unstable with MLCAPE values in the 1500-2500 J/Kg range and low- level lapse rates around 7C/km. Effective shear values remain very low with speeds of less than 20kts. PWAT values are near 2 inches and tongue of moisture laden air with dewpoints in the mid-70s is surging into southwestern KY (mainly west of the Natcher Parkway). Ongoing convection should continue to move off to the northeast over the next 1-2 hours. Main threats here will be torrential rainfall, cloud to ground lightning, and wind gusts of 40-45 MPH though some locally higher gusts can`t be ruled out with stronger cores. As this convection moves on off to the northeast, we will get into another possible precipitation lull for the early evening hours with just some scattered storms being possible within the warm sector. Attention will then turn to an area of convection out toward the Mount Vernon area of southern Illinois where a cluster of strong/severe storms is ongoing. Last few runs of the high resolution models bring this activity into our western areas later this evening. && .Short Term...(This evening through Sunday) Issued at 315 PM EDT Sat Jul 10 2021 ...Stormy Weekend, Locally Heavy Rainfall and Severe Weather Threat... Latest sfc analysis reveals sfc low pressure over MO/IL, with a warm front extending across southern IN and eastern KY. Mosaic radar shows convection initiating across the I-64 corridor near St. Louis. CAMs have been consistent on pushing this convection eastward along the I-64 corridor this afternoon, eventually reaching our NW CWA by 23z or so. Additional development is expected to the southwest of the current convection, which CAMs suggest could grow upscale and into a line of strong to severe storms with bowing segments pushing into our KY counties west of I-65. Additionally, we are beginning to see convection pop along our south-central KY counties, which is about an hour ahead of the latest HRRR run. Skycover has cleared out more than originally anticipated, allowing our region to destabilize to around 2500 J/kg of SBCAPE with steep low level lapse rates around 8C/km. Expect to see these scattered storms continue through the afternoon and push eastward. CAMs and model soundings continue to suggest the more supportive environment for this evening`s round of storms is to our west, where instability looks to be around 2000+ J/kg of MUCAPE. Most hi-res guidance is consistent on MUCAPE between 1000-2000 J/kg across our western half (west of I-65) of the CWA. Additionally, forecast sounding suggest mostly a unidirectional wind profile. RAP forecast soundings and HREF ensemble agree on seeing 850-700mb winds increase from roughly 15 kts this afternoon to 35kts by this evening. As a result, we should see effective shear increase to 20-35kts. Better shear will help keep storms more organized, but by 02-03z we should see the convective line start to weaken as instability should dissipate. With CAMs consistently suggesting bowing segments, primary hazards with storms this evening and tonight will be damaging straight line winds, frequent lightning, and possibly some hail. Low level moisture transport should be enhanced as low-mid level winds increase, which will likely result in seeing PWATs rise above 2 inches. With high moisture content available, torrential rain rates may lead to some flooding issues. Storm motions appear to be progressive, but any training storms or common flooding hot spots may see some water issues later on this evening. After discussing with neighboring WFOs, no expansion to the Flash Flood Watch is planned at this time. Should see an end to convective activity sometime between 04-06z tonight as instability is lost. We should have some lingering showers through the overnight before renewed convection pops. However, CAMs suggest we`ll see more of a scattering of showers and storms. Temps for tomorrow will reach the low to mid 80s. .Long Term...(Sunday night through Saturday) Issued at 234 PM EDT Sat Jul 10 2021 A nearly stationary upper level low over the Midwest will begin to slowly drift northward starting Monday as it gets picked up by a passing trough. Flow out ahead of this upper level low will generally be out southwest and continue to pump Gulf of Mexico moisture into our region, resulting in an atmosphere with high PWATs and muggy conditions at the surface. This steady supply of moisture feeding into our area combined with weak capping should allow for periodic shower and storm chances to continue through early next week. Heavy rain in thunderstorms is a good bet, and areas that see repeated storms over short periods could experience localized flash flooding. Highs during this timeframe will likely only top out in the low to mid 80s given the expansive clouds and moisture in the region. For the mid to late week timeframe, a cold front will move out of the Great Plains and Great Lakes region toward the Ohio Valley, but possibly stall just north of our region by Thursday/Friday. Rain and storm chances will be highest near the proximity of the front, with them dropping off considerably to the south. At this time, southern IN would likely have the best chance to see showers/storms while southern KY may stay mostly dry save for isolated/scattered diurnal convection that fires off. High temperatures will generally be in the upper 80s to low 90s ahead of the front. && .Aviation...(00Z TAF Issuance) Issued at 652 PM EDT Sat Jul 10 2021 IMPACTS: Showers and thunderstorms are expected at the terminals this evening and into the overnight hours. Some of the storms could be strong with MVFR/IFR conditions and gusty winds. DISCUSSION: NW-SE oriented line of convection currently stretches from near Jasper, IN southeast to just south of Lexington, KY. This activity will impact KSDF/KLEX/KHNB very early in the TAF period. Once this line moves off to the northeast, a relative lull in convection looks likely for a few hours with just a few scattered storms moving across the region. Will be watching an area of stronger storms out near Mount Vernon, IL that will push into the region after 11/02Z. These storms will likely affect KHNB/KSDF and KLEX. Convection may remain a bit north of KBWG early this evening, but current thinking is that KBWG could get in on some storms later tonight, though confidence down that way is lower than average at this time. Convection is expected to diminish overnight due to loss of heating and stabilization of the PBL. Much of the guidance suggests the development of low clouds overnight with ceiling possibly dropping into the IFR range. Winds look to remain elevated overnight which may be enough to preclude fog formation. CONFIDENCE: Med-High on elements at KHNB/KSDF/KLEX. Low-Med at KBWG. && .LMK WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... IN...None. KY...Flash Flood Watch until 8 AM EDT /7 AM CDT/ Sunday for KYZ023>028-053-061>064-070>074-076. && $$ Mesoscale...MJ/RAS Short Term...CJP Long Term....DM Aviation.....MJ
Area Forecast Discussion...UPDATED
National Weather Service Chicago/Romeoville, IL
921 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021 .UPDATE... 921 PM CDT The going forecast theme of wet and cool into tomorrow continues. Confidence has increased a smidge that if there is a heavier rain axis (isolated 2+ inches) overnight into Sunday morning, it would be further south than indicated by earlier guidance, more so along to a little south of I-80 corridor. But whether or not that sets up remains uncertain. Also the lightning potential looks even lower for the rest of the night. Due to several MCSs in the southern Corn Belt the past 24-36 hours, there remains a multitude of surface lows/circulations around 1010 millibars across central/southern Illinois into Missouri. A gradual consolidation will occur through Sunday morning as the upper low digs southward into Missouri. With this slight intensification/organization of the system, as well as improved upper jet support by late tonight into Sunday morning, a more synoptically forced west-to-east moderate/heavy rain zone is likely to develop north-northeast of the surface low over northern Illinois and northwest Indiana. On the mesoscale, a remnant but gradually fading MCV near Lincoln, IL may also help focus the heavier rain area in a zone in the southern forecast area. The 00Z ILX sounding sampled 1.79 inches of PWAT and 700 mb Tds of 6C with this, really highlighting warm rain processes. Despite the ingredients and some signal being there in guidance (for instance the 00Z RAP had 2+ inches in LaSalle to Kankakee Counties), there remains a fair amount of uncertainty on if this can come together. Also, and thankfully, the impact if a localized corridor of 2+ inches will probably be limited if not in the metro in part to antecedent conditions being not too moist, as well as occurring overnight into early morning on a Sunday. Nonetheless, something we will keep a tactical eye on. Finally, the thunder threat looks quite limited. There was no lightning observed by the lightning networks and satellite in the CWA this afternoon or early evening, and satellite and cell cores continue to support that trend. So have suppressed the forecast thunderstorm chances in the far south for much of tonight. MTF && .SHORT TERM... 255 PM CDT Through Sunday night... The cut off upper low and associated surface low continues to move east-southeast north of I-74, creating showers in my forecast area, and thunderstorms in west central IL, where greater instability (higher CAPE values, moisture atmosphere south of the warm front) exists. The low is expected to take a more easterly path, but movement will be slow as it meanders around central to north IL. With no clear forcing movement, the exact path of the low is difficult to determine, with low confidence on precipitation location. Chances for rain showers, some of which can have heavy rainfall, will continue throughout the afternoon and into the evening, with heavy precipitation initially south of I-88, but eventually working into the Chicago suburbs and the City of Chicago. Some showers may reduce visibilities to as low as 2.5 miles. Conditions for increased thunderstorm chances in our southern forecast area (south of I-80) will occur overnight, with greatest chance still expected near to a few hours after midnight tonight. The chance for heaviest showers is also expected overnight, with some isolated possibilities of 2+ inches, but nailing down where this will occur is difficult at this time. Winds will remain easterly throughout the short term forecast period, with afternoon gusts up to 15 mph possible. Easterly winds will die down a bit in the late afternoon/early evening, but are expected to increase again overnight, with 20 to 25 mph gusts possible after midnight and into Sunday morning. Even stronger gusts will occur over Lake Michigan, creating a high swim risk and issuance of a small craft advisory. Showers continue Sunday, with areas concentrated further east, but still including Chicago and it`s suburbs, while the thunderstorm threat remains south, later shifting towards northwest IN. Chances for showers and thunderstorms continue into Sunday evening, although the chances will decrease throughout Sunday evening. As is the case with cut-off upper lows and weak steering flow, the surface low will continue to spin in the vicinity of south Wisconsin/north Illinois/northwest Indiana Monday morning, maintaining the chance for showers and occasional thunderstorms throughout Monday. BKL && .LONG TERM... Monday through Saturday... 245 PM...Primary forecast concern is precip chances/timing. The models have trended a bit further east with the upper low Monday into Monday night and this will allow for scattered showers and few thunderstorms mainly Monday afternoon into Monday evening. Difficult to pin down the best location for precipitation and for now, likely pops in the afternoon seem on track. There should be a steady decrease in the activity Monday night, which could end up becoming dry for much of the area. The upper low quickly departs to the north on Tuesday though there remains a chance for showers and perhaps a thunderstorm Tuesday afternoon. Low confidence for coverage, which could end up being isolated with Tuesday night into Wednesday morning now looking fairly dry. There appears to be better agreement for the midweek time period but still low confidence for how trends emerge. An upper trough will dig into the Dakotas Tuesday night into Wednesday morning with convection expected to develop in this region and then possibly move generally easterly to the western Great Lakes into Wednesday night, possibly staying north of the cwa. An associated cold front will then move south across the area Wednesday night or Thursday with new convection developing along/ahead of it. Timing/location of these features still uncertain from this distance but precipitation chances increasing Wednesday into Wednesday night, possibly peaking on Thursday, all seem on track for now. Trends then support precip chances possibly being confined to the southern cwa or even south and southwest of the area by next Friday/Saturday as high pressure builds across the upper midwest and Great Lakes region. Temperatures look to stay generally in the 70s on Monday but rebound into the lower 80s Tuesday with expected lower precip coverage and possibly some breaks of sunshine. Wednesday still has the potential to be rather warm, with highs in the mid/upper 80s but this will be dependent on precip timing. cms && .AVIATION... For the 00Z TAFs... Primary aviation forecast concerns... * Timing of lower cigs (IFR likely) * Timing of heaviest showers and associated lower vis/cigs * Gusty east northeasterly winds to 20-25 kt * Low potential for thunder overnight Light rain continues across the region early this evening with MVFR cigs beginning to lift into the Chicago area terminals. Expect ceilings to trend downward through the evening hours as more steady rain expands in coverage. There may be brief breaks in the rain at times, but overall expecting at least light rain the persist overnight through the morning hours tomorrow, potentially even lingering into the afternoon hours, especially out toward RFD. Guidance continues to suggest that IFR cigs may continue well into the afternoon and evening hours tomorrow. For now have opted to lift cigs back to low-end MVFR as the coverage of showers decreases. East northeast winds will increase through evening and overnight hours, with gusts to 20 to 25 kt possible for much of the day on Sunday. There remains a low potential for embedded thunderstorms overnight. Did consider a PROB30 mention for GYY, but based on current observational trends, confidence is too low for a formal TAF mention. Petr && .LOT WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... IL...Beach Hazards Statement...ILZ006-ILZ103-ILZ104...1 AM Sunday to 4 AM Monday. IN...None. LM...Small Craft Advisory...LMZ740-LMZ741-LMZ742...4 AM Sunday to 1 AM Monday. Small Craft Advisory...LMZ743-LMZ744-LMZ745...4 AM Sunday to 7 PM Sunday. && $$ Visit us at weather.gov/chicago Follow us on Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube at: www.facebook.com/NWSChicago www.twitter.com/NWSChicago www.youtube.com/NWSChicago
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Newport/Morehead City NC
952 PM EDT Sat Jul 10 2021 .SYNOPSIS... Offshore high pressure will build over the region this weekend and continue through next week. && .NEAR TERM /UNTIL 6 AM SUNDAY MORNING/... As of 955 PM Sat...Apart from a rogue shower over northwestern Washington County, CWA is now devoid of convective activity. Forecast in solid shape with no further changes planned. Main changes from the afternoon package was to lower coastal PoPs slightly for the overnight period, bringing more conservative guidance into the forecast as coastal activity usually struggles to get onshore. Broken low stratus possible west of Highway 17 early Sunday morning, but fog risk looks increasingly minimal with thick cirrus deck overhead. Prev disc...High pressure offshore dominates the forecast as the weak frontal boundary inland has washed out over the area and the seabreeze continues to push inland, clearing skies behind it. Have slightly lowered PoPs but have left low end schc along and ahead of the seabreeze where short lived showers may blossom the rest of the afternoon. Any convection that does get its act together quickly falls off with loss of heating after sunset. Overnight, mainly dry conditions forecast with the ridge in place except for along the lower OBX and Crystal Coast where offshore showers may meander ashore. Muggy morning in store with Lows in the low 70s inland and mid 70s for coastal areas. && .SHORT TERM /6 AM SUNDAY MORNING THROUGH 6 PM SUNDAY/... As of 345 PM Saturday...The Offshore mid/upper level ridge continues to build over the area with 500mb heights reaching into the upper 590s just offshore. A weak shortwave trough lifts across the area providing slightly more support for afternoon convection, making scattered showers and thunderstorms possible. Highs a degree or two cooler than Saturday with increased cloud coverage cooling things slightly despite the persistent Serly flow, upper 80s for most inland areas, touching 90 in particular hot spots, and mid to upper 80s for coastal areas. && .LONG TERM /SUNDAY NIGHT THROUGH SATURDAY/... As of 230 AM Saturday...A typical summertime pattern will persist through the long term with the Bermuda high centered offshore bringing southwest flow across the area and seasonably hot and muggy conditions. Highs will be in the lower 90s inland and mid to upper 80s along the coast and lows in the low to mid 70 each day. Upper ridging over the Atlantic builds westward early to mid portion of next week with subsidence aloft suppressing most convection but cannot rule out isolated to widely scattered showers during the afternoon. The ridge begins to break down for the latter half of the week with somewhat better chances for showers/storms each afternoon. With limited shear present, thunderstorms are expected to remain sub- severe. && .AVIATION /02Z SUNDAY THROUGH THURSDAY/... SHORT TERM /Through 00Z Monday/... As of 740 PM Sat...VFR conditions prevail across the terminals this evening with a line of decaying convection from DPL to OCW. Any convective activity should safely come to an end by 01Z with mainly VFR conditions expected until around 09-10z. Trusted guidance indicates a scattered to broken area of low stratus developing along a rough axis from PGV to DPL by this time, likely courtesy of this afternoon`s spotty rainfall. Fog looks increasingly unlikely with persistent and thick cirrus deck overhead. VFR conditions return to all terminals shortly after sunrise, with development of cu deck and slightly more coverage of showers and thunderstorms in the afternoon. NAM and HRRR soundings point to a brief period of MVFR cigs mid-morning as cu deck first develops, before lifting to VFR levels by 18z. Confidence in this was too low to show explicitly in TAFs. LONG TERM /Sunday through Wednesday/... As of 245 AM Friday...Pred VFR expected through the long term with high pressure centered offshore bringing warm and muggy conditions. Isolated to widely scattered showers and storms will bring brief periods of sub-VFR conditions generally during the afternoon/early evening hours. Best chance for storms will be Sunday with lesser chances early to mid next week. Also cannot rule out patchy late night/early morning shallow fog. && .MARINE... SHORT TERM /Today and tonight/... As of 4 PM Saturday...No adjustments needed this update. As of 140 AM Saturday...High pressure building across regional waters keeps conditions relatively benign. Latest obs show 2 to 4 ft seas with 7 to 8 sec periods. Southern waters experiencing the stronger SW winds 10 to 15 kts with occasional gusts up to 20kts while northern waters show variable winds 5 to 7kts. Gusts die down overnight and seas remain 2 to 4 ft. LONG TERM /Sunday Through Wednesday/... As of 245 AM Friday...Bermuda high pressure persist offshore bringing southwest winds through the long term. Gradients will be slightly tightened Sunday and Sunday night with winds around 15-20 kt expected with around 15 kt or less the rest of the long term. Seas will generally be 2-4 ft but could see up to 5 ft across the outer portions of the coastal waters Sunday/Sunday night in response to stronger winds. && .MHX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... NC...None. MARINE...None. && $$ SYNOPSIS...MHX NEAR TERM...MS/CEB SHORT TERM...CEB LONG TERM...SK AVIATION...SK/MS MARINE...SK/CEB
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Twin Cities/Chanhassen MN
1019 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021 .UPDATE... Issued at 1019 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021 Updated for aviation discussion below. && .SHORT TERM...(This evening through Sunday night) Issued at 310 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021 An upper low over the mid Missouri Valley will close off as it continues southeastward tonight. Showers associated with the upper low are lingering across southern MN this afternoon, but as the low continues to pull away these showers should diminish into the early evening hours. The upper low will remain nearly stationary over the mid Mississippi Valley into early next week, but it should be just far enough away to keep any substantial cloud cover and/or shower potential to our southeast. Today`s diurnal CU and stratocu will dissipate this evening from north to south as drier air across central MN and WI works southward behind the low. Smoke from the wildfires in Ontario and Manitoba is evident on satellite across northern MN, Lake Superior, and most of southern Ontario. Prevailing northeast flow through Sunday evening should bring some of this elevated smoke southwest across the area. The HRRR smoke model indicates an arrival overnight and lingering into early next week, resulting in filtered sunshine. .LONG TERM...(Monday through Saturday) Issued at 310 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021 The cutoff low over the mid-Mississippi valley departs eastwards on Monday, with a chance for a few lingering rain showers during the day across portions western Wisconsin. This weekend`s persistent easterly flow becomes more southerly as the low departs, which will allow for temperatures to warm Monday and Tuesday. Highs in the low to mid 80s look possible Monday and temperatures should warm by a few degrees into the mid to upper 80s Tuesday. Dew point values will also rise into the mid 60s Tuesday, leading to more muggy conditions ahead of the next approaching system midweek. Guidance has come into better agreement over the last 24 hours with the shortwave forecast to track along the northern tier of the CONUS midweek, with Wednesday looking like the best chance for precipitation across the region. A few models depict a weak lobe of vorticity generating a band of showers and perhaps a few thunderstorms Tuesday afternoon, but more widespread precipitation will develop with the shortwave over the Dakotas late Tuesday/early Wednesday, and spread the southern half of MN/WI during the day on Wednesday. The shortwave remains fairly progressive with precipitation likely exiting the area by Thursday morning, which along with fairly seasonable PW values should limit the chance for excessive rainfall or flooding. Most solutions show the potential for widespread rainfall amounts of around an inch so this system has the makings of a beneficial rain for most of the area. Deterministic models do show shear and instability values sufficient for severe thunderstorms developing to the south of this system, but the current track would likely keep this threat farther south into Iowa. The rest of the week appears dry as ridging redevelops over the central CONUS. Temperatures will likely return to above normal values by the weekend. && .AVIATION...(For the 06Z TAFS through 06Z Sunday night) Issued at 1019 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021 High level smoke is evident on satellite as far south as central MN, and it will continue to move southward tonight and Sunday. Whether it will pose a surface visibility restriction is not certain yet. So far it seems there are not any reduced visibilities in northern MN, eastern ND, or adjacent portions of northwest Ontario, but this will need to be watched as there are some lower visibilities farther north in Ontario. KMSP...No other concerns. /OUTLOOK FOR KMSP/ Mon...VFR. Wind NE 5-10 kts. Tue...VFR. Slight chance p.m. MVFR/SHRA. Wind W 5-10 kts. Wed...Chance MVFR/SHRA/TSRA. Wind S 5-10 kts. && .MPX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... MN...None. WI...None. && $$ UPDATE...TDK SHORT TERM...Borghoff LONG TERM...ETA AVIATION...TDK
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Nashville TN
951 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021 .UPDATE... FOR EVENING DISCUSSION. && .DISCUSSION... Made only a few minor changes to some of the hourly POP and temp grids for this forecast cycle as the current forecast is on track. Just isolated showers and brief storms so far this evening in Middle TN as all the heavy/training rains remain north of our CWA...in southern KY. Suspect things will remain pretty quiet for us for the next couple hours. Past several HRRR runs as well as some of the other CAMs continue to slightly delay the arrival of storms moving toward us from the northwest. Greatest chance of storms appears to be 07Z to 12Z over the northwest half of Mid TN...with decaying storms mainly over the southeast areas from about 12Z to 16Z. && .AVIATION... 00Z TAF DISCUSSION. CKV/BNA/MQY/CSV...Per moist and unstable airmass conditions in place, very hard to delineate a time period in which tstms could not occur. However, also very hard to determine tstms development/ movement across terminals. Mentioning of VCTS most appropriate here. Sfc pressure gradient influences will continue to be strong enough to support gusts approaching 25kts with swly sfc winds. In some instances MVFR vsby and ceilings will be possible during tstm events. Prevailing VFR vsbys with rain showers possible 11/12Z-11/24Z. && .OHX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... NONE. && $$ DISCUSSION......Vannozzi AVIATION........JB Wright
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Norman OK
652 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021 ...New AVIATION, UPPER AIR... .SHORT TERM... (This evening through Sunday) Issued at 322 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021 Storms are expected to continue to develop across southwest Missouri, southern Kansas, northeast Oklahoma and eventually north-central Oklahoma this afternoon. Storms will continue to develop along and ahead of a cold front that is moving into northwest Oklahoma this afternoon. Modest instability and strengthening deep layer sheer will support, storms with supercellular characteristics, at least initially. These storms will pose a large hail, damaging wind and at least a very low tornado risk. However, veered low level flow and more linear forcing along the surface front will lead to an expected quick transition to a more linear mode along the boundary. Primary hazard will become damaging wind gusts and with a secondary heavy rainfall concern as precipitable water values remain high. However, progressive nature of this activity is expected to limit the overall heavy rainfall threat. HRRR would suggest convection would approach the I-40 corridor 9pm or a little after. There has been a trend of slowing the southward progression down in the laster few runs. The storms would then approach the Red river around 3 or 4 in the morning. Although an overall downward trend is expected after midnight, some severe risk does appear possible through the night time hours. Will keep some lingering precip chances along the Red river Sunday morning, but most of the activity should be south of the area. Models are also showing another embedded shortwave rotating around the upper low to our northeast during the day Sunday. This may result in a few showers or thunderstorms during the afternoon hours, mainly along and east of the I-35 corridor. Otherwise, daytime temps will be a bit lower on Sunday as will the dewpoints as slightly drier air filters south behind the front. && .LONG TERM... (Sunday night through next Friday) Issued at 324 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021 The front exits the area and winds become light Sunday night and winds veer to the SE/S by Monday afternoon as the surface ridge axis moves eastward. The NAM/GFS suggest thunderstorm development over western north TX and western OK Monday evening into early Tuesday morning as a LLJ develops atop the retreating cold front, or weak warm front. Left POPs low for now, but will continue to watch trends. The midlevel low pressure system that brought us the cold front moves slowly across the midwest, before lifting northeast across the Great Lakes on Tuesday. Meanwhile, the broad upper ridge that has contributed to record heat across the western CONUS begins to break down and north flow aloft will likewise weaken over our area. A wave then translates across the northern plains midweek, and there are low POPs for precipitation for northern Oklahoma on Wednesday night into Thursday and again Thursday night into Friday. The associated frontal boundaries and bulk of precipitation, however, appears to remain well to our north. Thompson && .AVIATION... (00Z TAFS) Issued at 640 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021 Showers and thunderstorms are expected to increase along a cold front currently moving across northern Oklahoma. Although expecting ceilings with the CBs to lower just above MVFR, reduced visibilities during heavy rain may produce brief periods of MVFR to IFR conditions. Otherwise away from the CBs, conditions should stay VFR. Winds behind the cold front will shift and become northerly. However, outflow boundaries produced from storms may result in more variable directional surface winds. && .UPPER AIR... Issued at 640 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021 No upper air flights are planned at this time. && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... Oklahoma City OK 68 85 64 87 / 80 0 0 10 Hobart OK 68 90 65 90 / 50 0 10 10 Wichita Falls TX 73 93 68 92 / 70 10 10 10 Gage OK 65 88 63 91 / 0 0 0 0 Ponca City OK 66 82 62 86 / 50 20 10 0 Durant OK 72 92 67 91 / 90 30 10 20 && .OUN WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... OK...None. TX...None. && $$ SHORT TERM...30 LONG TERM....01 AVIATION...68
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Paducah KY
657 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021 .UPDATE... Issued at 657 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021 Will be clearing out much, if not all, of southern Illinois from the Severe Thunderstorm Watch shortly. Will need to leave southeast Missouri going for another hour or two. The AVIATION section has been updated for the 00Z TAF issuance. && .SHORT TERM...(Tonight through Monday night) Issued at 329 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021 SPC mesoanalysis indicates that over 2000J/kg of mixed-layer CAPE has developed across the region. However, the shear across the region remains weak despite the mid-level low to the northwest of the area and the presence of at least one MCV. The primary surface boundary has lifted north of the region leaving southwesterly low-level flow over our entire region. Look for continued scattered thunderstorms through the late afternoon and evening, but how organized they will be is in doubt at this time. The latest HRRR output validates the lack of shear indicated in the mesoanalysis by not showing the bowing segments that earlier runs showed. It appears that the damaging wind threat is decreasing. However, low-level lapse rates are rather steep and DCAPE is approaching 1000 J/kg. Both parameters are maximized over west Kentucky. If the storms are able to grow upscale, we could still see some damaging winds, especially across southeast Missouri and southern Illinois. Most, if not all, of the convection should be southeast of our region by 06Z, but the HRRR does develop some scattered convection overnight across the area so will keep chance PoPs just in case the HRRR has that right. As the mid/upper-level low descends on the region Sunday, any semblance of shear will be limited to west Kentucky and the HREF indicates that it will be weak even there. Also, low clouds will likely hold down heating and instability well below today`s levels. The cold front is forecast to reach far northwest portions of the region in the afternoon and then stall out into Monday. The front could focus convective development in southeast Missouri and southern Illinois in the afternoon. Really see no reason why convection would be very organized, but should see decent coverage. It will try to push east across the region through the evening. For Monday while the mid/upper-level trough will not make much eastward progress, much of its energy will be drawn northeast as a trough moves east across southern Canada. Any reasonable shear and instability will likely44 be focused to our east, so we will focus our PoPs on Monday in Kentucky and Indiana, however, the NBM-based PoPs are likely too high given the situation. As for the Flash Flood Watch, we plan to leave it alone for now. The heavy rainfall will be done by 06Z, but will allow later shifts to cancel early, if needed. We briefly considered expanding it southward with some concern for training along the southern border of the region this evening. However, the latest HRRR is not as bullish on training down there. In general, convective elements should be moving fast enough to prevent widespread significant flooding, but the brief intense rates may briefly overwhelm drainages, causing more of a nuisance flooding situation. .LONG TERM...(Tuesday through Saturday) Issued at 329 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021 The upper air pattern starts out on Tuesday with a 500h trough over Missouri, along our western edge. By Wednesday this trough weakens considerably and our flow is weak, but almost zonal with weak ridging along both coasts. On Thursday, the clusters have a weak trough over the upper midwest, in the area of Minnesota. This trough sharpens up a bit on Friday generally along a Wisconsin to eastern Oklahoma line. There is some variability in placement among the clusters, but nothing too significant. By Saturday there is more variability in location and time of the trough ranging from a moderate strength over the Great Lakes down to PAH to more of an open wave somewhere over the Great Lakes. The main precipitation pattern during this period has most of the precipitation from MS into central KY on Tuesday. Wednesday looks to be the driest day as the next system forms over the northern Plains. This spreads into the upper midwest on Thursday and settles over the Ohio Valley Friday into Saturday as the surface cold front becomes more east-west over either central Illinois/Indian or maybe a bit farther south closer to the Ohio River. Seasonal temperatures expected with upper 80s to around 90 for highs. Dew points are forecast to be in the upper 60s to lower 70s throughout the period. && .AVIATION... Issued at 657 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021 The convection is reasonably on schedule. KMVN is already in the clear and the other TAF sites should be done by 03Z. Some gusty winds up to 35kts will be possible along with IFR conditions. IFR or lower MVFR ceilings are still expected to develop over all sites overnight and linger through much of Sunday. Scattered convection will be possible throughout the area Sunday afternoon, but will leave it out at this time. && .PAH WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... IL...Flash Flood Watch through Sunday morning for ILZ075>078-080>094. MO...Flash Flood Watch through Sunday morning for MOZ076-086-087. IN...Flash Flood Watch through Sunday morning for INZ081-082-085>088. KY...Flash Flood Watch through Sunday morning for KYZ004-005-007-010- 011-013>016-018>021. && $$ UPDATE...DRS SHORT TERM...DRS LONG TERM...PS AVIATION...DRS
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Pocatello ID
128 PM MDT Sat Jul 10 2021 .SHORT TERM...Tonight through Monday night. WV imagery shows a strong area of high pressure centered over Las Vegas with broad ridging extending into Idaho. A trough is seen around 135W off the WA coast moving east. Models indicate the trough will make landfall early Sunday morning, though it pushes through with very little moisture. By mid to late Sunday morning, the trough should be in the Panhandle area of Idaho. High-res models are indicating some isolated thunder in the Island Park area tomorrow afternoon, but storms may stay just north of the border. The trough will bring winds to the Snake Plain, though winds should be just shy of Lake Wind threshold for American Falls Reservoir. Monday looks to be dry as well, though another trough will be making its way to the PAC NW late in the day Vis and natural color imagery show smoke dispersing over the region from wildfires in CA, OR, and WA, as well as some fires in our Central Mountains. Therefore, it seems prudent to include smoke in our forecast as well. Hinsberger .LONG TERM...Tuesday through next Saturday. The mean upper ridge remains positioned over the Great Basin throughout the period as weak to modest Pacific disturbances translate east along the Canadian highline Tuesday and Thursday. By Saturday, a low pressure center appears to set up along or off the NW coast with the ridge axis shifting over the Wyoming Rockies and expanding northward into Montana. Each passing trough should bring some wind and slightly cooler temperatures to the region and perhaps even a shallow monsoon push into the Utah/Montna border regions with resulting isolated convection, otherwise unseasonably hot and dry conditions should persist across the region. Huston && .AVIATION...Ridging will continue through today and shift eastward tonight while a trough pushes through the Panhandle area tomorrow morning. VFR conditions will likely continue, but wildfire smoke may briefly drop visibility MVFR. Current area of smoke concern is the KSUN terminal, though as ridging shifts to the east, HRRR Smoke is advancing the increased concentrations to KIDA and KDIJ by sunrise tomorrow morning. Winds will generally be light, but an occasional gust to 20kts in the Snake Plain this afternoon is possible. Winds increase tomorrow, but should be after the current TAF period. Hinsberger && .FIRE WEATHER...Initial focus will be on wind and RH components tomorrow as an upper disturbance passes to our north. At the surface, a dry cold front will push through tomorrow afternoon, enhancing wind speeds across the area. This will nudge us close to critical fire conditions in the afternoon and early evening. Have added a Fire Weather Watch for zones 410, 425, 475, and 476 tomorrow afternoon/evening. There may be some isolated thunder in the Island Park area in the afternoon, but most models indicate the best chances will be on the Montana side of the border. The forecast remains dry, even with another trough pushing in from the west on Tuesday. The trough will certainly cause another round of strong winds across the region, and humidity may be low enough to take us to critical fire weather conditions. Models are bringing in a little more moisture to the area late in the week, so we may see some thunderstorms work their way in the forecast by Thursday and Friday. Hinsberger && .PIH WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... Excessive Heat Warning until 9 PM MDT Monday for IDZ051-055>057. Fire Weather Watch from Sunday afternoon through Sunday evening for IDZ410-425-475-476. Heat Advisory from noon Sunday to 9 PM MDT Monday for IDZ052>054-058- 059-075. && $$
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Reno NV
302 PM PDT Sat Jul 10 2021 .SYNOPSIS... Dangerous heat is expected this weekend into next week. Best advice is to hydrate and limit outdoor activity during the afternoon hours. A few afternoon and evening thunderstorms are expected for next few days, mainly south of Highway 50. Smoke from the Beckwourth Complex fire will affect portions of extreme eastern California and western Nevada with periods of degraded air quality and reduced visibility. && .DISCUSSION... Main forecast change to extend Excessive Heat Warning until Tuesday evening. The very strong ridge of high pressure (near 600 DM currently) will persist overhead into early next week before finally weakening as a trough of low pressure approaches the West Coast mid to late week. Afternoon and evening breezes trend up Sunday to Monday and continue next week as the trough impinges on the West Coast. The winds may not be of major concern to many with gusts between 20-35 mph (not particularly unusual for summer zephyr); however, with parched fuels they will bring elevated fire weather concern. HEAT * Forecast not adjusted too much with memorable heat wave continuing through Tuesday before some gradual cooling to near or a bit above average (more usual summer heat) mid to late next week. With only minor cooling Tuesday and a mild start to that day, the Excessive Heat Warning was extended for one more day. As far as details, the main adjustment was to tinker with the latest high temperature guidance for Sunday with the result a downward adjustment of 1-3 degrees for many spots. Model 700 mb temperatures remain 18-19C Sunday in the NAM, GFS, and ECMWF for western NV. Per a local rule of thumb that works well in mixed summer conditions (panned out well yesterday), these 700 mb temperatures correspond to highs of 104-106F. This rule plus support from the latest guidance from the NBM gives higher confidence that highs may fall just a tad short of all-time records for the Reno airport (108). In any case, a couple degrees does not change the fact that it will be exceedingly hot! THUNDERSTORMS * Earlier today, chances were increased a bit up into the Reno- Sparks area (mainly north and east of Reno) with persistent hints from the HRRR that isolated cells would form there. In fact, one lone cell (weak) already worked from near Cold Springs up towards Pyramid Lake. This afternoon and early evening westerly winds are expected to develop in the Sierra Front for added convergence for storms. Still, the highest concentration of cells is expected to remain south of Highway 50 across Mono, Mineral, and southern Lyon counties. Sunday and Monday, deep moist convection (thunderstorms!) is expected to be restricted to south of Highway 50 in Mono, Mineral, and southern Lyon counties. Farther north, increased southwest flow aloft is simulated Sunday which is likely to bring some atmospheric stabilization along with less focus for storms as an earlier push of westerly winds limits the time convection can build before surface convergence is lost. As far as thunderstorm character, relatively decent moisture (PWATS around 0.80" or so)/moderate dewpoints and the extreme heat will provide weak to moderate instability (perhaps up to 500-800 J/KG), up to the Reno-Sparks area today shrinking southward Sunday-Monday as drier air moves into areas north of Hwy 50. Strong outflow in excess of 45 mph (due to a very deep mixed layer, inverted V soundings) and lightning will be the primary threats from storms. FIRE/AIR QUALITY CONCERNS * See fire weather discussion below for more details regarding wind (periods of enhanced breezes). As for air quality, the Reno-Sparks area received a "nice" dose of smoke particulates from the Beckwourth Complex this morning, with air quality degrading to unhealthy for sensitive groups. It has since begun to disperse as mixing increases this afternoon. Another round is certainly possible tonight into early Sunday although an earlier west wind may cut down the degraded air quality timing a bit. For the latest air quality, go to `fire.airnow.gov` && .AVIATION... Very hot temperatures continue this weekend and into next week with density altitude concerns, particularly for smaller aircraft. The Beckwourth Complex in Plumas County continues to burn actively. Mixing during the daytime hours will bring improved visibility outside of the areas immediately around the fire; however, slantwise visibility may remain slightly restricted. General haze is possible elsewhere due to other wildfires burning in the West. Wind-wise for Sunday, and likely for much of the week, we`ll see winds return to more "usual" or slightly elevated levels with afternoon gusts 20-30 kts. As for thunderstorms, expect isolated to scattered thunderstorms this afternoon/evening, primarily south of Highway 50; however, isolated cells are possible up to Pyramid Lake across far western NV. Storms have the potential to bring localized heavier rain with lowering CIGS/VIS and higher terrain obscuration; however, the greatest concern will be gusty and erratic outflow winds to 40+ kts and lightning. Outflows may travel well away from the parent thunderstorm and kick up dust across the west central Nevada Basin and Range. Sunday and Monday, storms are expected to be restricted well south and east of KRNO/KCXP/KMEV as drier flow pushes into western NV and northeast CA. -Snyder && .FIRE WEATHER... * Hot-unstable conditions favorable for large plume growth on ongoing fires. * Afternoon and evening thunderstorms possible today for the Eastern Sierra and Sierra Front into central Nevada. * Breezy afternoons with periods of critical fire weather conditions Sunday through Monday. Dry and unstable - Relatively dry and unstable mid and upper levels will continue to allow for strong plume development of ongoing fires. Thunderstorms - Another round of fairly widespread thunderstorms is expected again today. Moisture has increased (PWAT 0.6-0.8") in areas that have seen storms the last few days so would expect most storms to be on the wet side. Still, there could be a few drier storms on the periphery. Storm coverage is forecast to shrink Sunday through Tuesday, mainly confined to the eastern Sierra and portions of Mineral County. Breezy afternoon Winds (Sun-Tue) - A slightly enhanced zephyr wind is expected from Sunday through at least Tuesday. This will create periods of critical fire weather conditions, especially along the Sierra Front and portions of NW Nevada. No day really stands out as a big step above the others, and for the most part, this is a fairly typical afternoon wind during the summer, so at this point no fire weather products are anticipated. That being said, expect periods of critical fire weather conditions each afternoon in typically breezy spots along the Sierra Front. -Zach && .REV Watches/Warnings/Advisories... NV...Excessive Heat Warning until 9 PM PDT Tuesday NVZ001-003>005. CA...Excessive Heat Warning until 9 PM PDT Tuesday CAZ070-071. && $$ For more information from the National Weather Service visit... http://weather.gov/reno
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Blacksburg VA
957 PM EDT Sat Jul 10 2021 .SYNOPSIS... A warm front will track north tonight ahead of low pressure moving through the Ohio Valley. This will bring another round of showers and thunderstorms to the region Sunday. Monday through Thursday high pressure will cover the Mid Atlantic region and the Carolinas, however the daily threat of showers and thunderstorms will continue well into next week. && .NEAR TERM /THROUGH SUNDAY NIGHT/... As 957 PM EDT Saturday... ... Showers and storms will slowly diminish after midnight as a warm front gradually lifts north across the region.... Our weather pattern for the remainder of the weekend will be reliant upon a warm front/quasi-stationary boundary lifting in from the Tennessee River Valley/Virginia State Line and a deepening trough over the central Plains region. On top of this, we will have a strengthening area of high pressure off the Atlantic coast which will nudge our frontal boundary further north while fending off our trough to the west keeping activity isolated to scattered heading into early next week. Currently as of 955PM radar remains fairly active with a line of heavy showers and a few embedded thunderstorms from the Greenbrier Valley south into North Carolina foothills. This line will continue to trek across the Blue Ridge over the next few hours before dying out around midnight. Storms look to remain below severe limits although frequent lightning,m heavy rainfall, and wind gusts upwards of 30 mph are likely with any storm as they push on through. Beyond this line a few lingering showers and pockets of drizzle cannot be ruled out as convection off to the west across Kentucky and northeast Tennessee starts to die out as it drifts east along the warm frontal boundary slowly lifting north into our area. Areas where we see rain due have a chance at some patchy dense fog overnight with lows in the low to mid 60s in the west with mid to upper 60s out east. Dewpoint values will also remain on the muggy side of things in the mid to upper 60s. By Sunday, the front starts to push north and west of our area. Despite being in the warm sector with dewpoints back around 70 degrees the better forcing will be found to the north across the Delmarva back into north central West Virginia. 18z model sounding from NAMnest and HRRR show a weakly capped environment with some dry air aloft signifying scattered convection with the potential for localized downbursts. Current hi-res guidance from NAMnest and HRRR continue to ping MLCAPE values of 2000-2500 j/kg with steepening mid level lapse rates of 6-7 degrees C/KM and bulk effective shear values of 25-30 kts. PWATS will also be on the order of 1.5 to 2.0 inches yielding efficient rainfall from any convection that may develop. Per latest model guidance confidence continues to increase in avoiding a widespread severe weather event. A few storms are likely to be strong to severe with localized damaging winds and flash flooding concern mainly along and west of the west of the Blue Ridge where a marginal risk for severe weather exists. Storms will be fueled by highs in the low to mid 80s in the west with highs close to 90 in the east Sunday afternoon. Convection should wane by late SUnday evening into Sunday night as we lose the peak heating of the day. Confidence remains high for temperatures and winds. Moderate confidence in regards to storm coverage and cloud cover with the front nearby. && .SHORT TERM /MONDAY THROUGH TUESDAY NIGHT/... As of 130 PM EDT Saturday... Daily chances of showers and storms... An area of upper level high pressure off the coast of the Carolinas and an upper low/trough over the mid to upper Mississippi Valley, will be the key players in the sensible weather across our region. The position of the high and the low will help maintain a low level flow of moisture off the Gulf of Mexico that will advect north, then northeast into our region. While the best moisture will remain just west of the region, there will be enough across our area so that through daytime heating, we will see daily chances of afternoon and early evening showers and storms across the region, especially western sections. Confidence in the above weather scenario is moderate to high. && .LONG TERM /WEDNESDAY THROUGH SATURDAY/... As of 1245 PM EDT Saturday... Daily chances of afternoon showers and storms continue with a cold front arriving Friday into Saturday... During this portion of the forecast, a compact area of low pressure will race eastward from the central Rockies. This feature will help to eject eastward the upper trough that will have been nearly stationary across the Mississippi Valley. This upper trough and its associated cold front will move towards and then across our region. This is a transition that will take place from Wednesday into Friday. Then on Saturday, a shortwave trough on the southern end of the cold front will head northeast across our region. The result will be increasing chances of daily afternoon showers and storms Wednesday through Friday, with the best potential for a more robust coverage across the region on Saturday. Temperatures through the period will average right around normal for this time of the year. Low temperatures will inch slightly higher each day thanks to increasing dew points, but high temperatures will inch lower thanks to more cloud cover and precipitation potential. Confidence in the above weather scenario is moderate to high. && .AVIATION /02Z SUNDAY THROUGH THURSDAY/... As of 820 PM EDT Saturday... Pockets of MVFR cigs and vsbys continue this evening from KLYH/KROA back west to KLWB/KBCB/KBLF/KTNB where showers and storms look to remain through at least 2z/9PM. Elsewhere scattered to broken VFR stratocumulus remains from KDAN/KGSO back north to KCHO. All of this activity is associated with a warm frontal boundary that looks to slowly lift north into the area overnight into Sunday morning. The front will reinforce mid to high level clouds overnight along with a chance at a few isolated sprinkles or showers across the region. Besides the shower chances, patchy MVFR to IFR fog is likely late tonight into early Sunday morning. Highest confidence for this would be at TAF sites that did see rain today. This includes KBLF/KTNB/KBCB/KROA/KLYH and KLWB where multiple rounds of thunderstorm activity rolled through. VFR conditions look to return beyond 12-14z/8-10AM with pockets of MVFR cigs/vsbys developing with scattered showers and storms after 16z/12PM. Winds will remain light and variable overnight into Sunday afternoon. The exception would be around any shower or thunderstorm activity which looks to form beyond 16-18z/12-2PM Sunday afternoon. Activity will be isolated to widely scattered with hi-res guidance pointing toward the best opportunities for storms from KHSP/KLWB back south to KBLF/KBCB. Storms could be locally strong at these TAF sites with gusty winds, frequent lightning, and heavy rainfall. Average confidence winds, ceilings, visibilities, and thunderstorm chances heading into Sunday afternoon. Extended Aviation Discussion... Daily afternoon and evening showers and thunderstorms look to continue for the Monday through Friday timeframe. Thunderstorm activity will mainly be confined to the mountains Monday through Wednesday as ridging starts to build in. Better chances for storms arrive Thursday and FRiday as our next front nears the area. && .RNK WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... VA...None. NC...None. WV...None. && $$ SYNOPSIS...AMS/SH NEAR TERM...ET SHORT TERM...DS LONG TERM...DS AVIATION...ET
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service San Angelo TX
635 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021 ...New AVIATION... .SHORT TERM... (This evening through Sunday) Issued at 205 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021 A cold front will enter the Big Country late tonight. This will bring a chance for scattered thunderstorms for locations that are mainly north of I-20. Some of this activity could be strong to severe with damaging winds and large hail being the main concerns. Otherwise, look for little variation in temperatures as highs will remain in the lower 90s for Sunday. && .LONG TERM... (Sunday night through next Saturday) Issued at 205 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021 Chances for showers and storms continue into Sunday evening along the front, perhaps becoming a little more widespread across the Heartland and Concho Valley. Both the 12Z HRRR and TTU-WRF were aggressive in showing a decent area of storms developing, with other models like the NAMNEST were much less so. Will boost POPs a little more for Sunday evening. Otherwise a dry forecast for much of the upcoming week as the main storm track shifts northward and high pressure aloft builds across the area. Less clouds, more sun, and low level thermal fields gradually warming all indicate that high temperatures for the upcoming week will be higher as well. Highs in the low to mid 90s look on track, closer to the seasonal normals. Another upper level trough will drop into the central and southern Plains next weekend, perhaps close enough to give us another shot at least isolated convection next weekend. && .AVIATION... (00Z TAFS) Issued at 635 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021 06Z-12Z, scattered SHRA/TSRA may move into the Big Country, potentially impacting KABI. Then, between 18Z today and 00Z Mon, more scattered to numerous SHRA/TSRA may move through much of the region, with low confidence in exact timing and locations. Any SHRA/TSRA could bring heavy downpours resulting in brief LIFR/VLIFR conditions, along with strong downdraft winds and large hail. Otherwise, VFR conditions will continue through 06Z, then MVFR to IFR CIGs will develop from south to north across locations south of I-20 through 15Z, impacting KSJT, KSOA, KJCT, and KBBD. Low confidence that the MVFR/IFR CIGs will reach KABI, so left it out of that TAF site. 15Z to 18Z, conditions clearing/lifting back to VFR. 18Z today to 00Z Mon, VFR conditions (other than the potential SHRA/TSRA impacts noted earlier). Winds will be out of the S to SW at 6-12 KT through 03Z, weaken to 3-7 KT between 03Z and 16Z, then strengthen back to 6-12 KT through 00Z Mon, except for N winds of 8-12 KT (with higher gusts) in the Big Country which will come in behind a cold front after 21Z. && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... Abilene 73 91 71 92 / 10 40 30 10 San Angelo 71 93 71 94 / 0 30 30 5 Junction 71 92 71 92 / 5 10 20 5 Brownwood 72 93 71 92 / 5 60 60 20 Sweetwater 72 89 70 91 / 10 40 20 10 Ozona 71 90 70 91 / 5 20 20 5 && .SJT WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... None. && $$ SHORT TERM...24 LONG TERM....07 AVIATION...SJH
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Tulsa OK
950 PM CDT Sat Jul 10 2021 .DISCUSSION... Strong to severe convection continues to slowly push southward across east central OK and west central AR this evening. Moderately strong instability perists south of the convection, and deep layer shear remains strong enough to maintain some organization as it continues southward this evening. Have been hesitant to remove counties from the severe thunderstorm watch, as moderately strong instability persists north of the primary convective band and south of the approaching cold front. HRRR has been consistent in developing additional convection in that air mass, and have seen indications of that occurring for past hour or so. Severe threat probaby not real high north of ongoing organized convection, but could be a strong to severe storm develop given supporting parameters. Watch currently set to expire at 11pm, but may need to be locally extended sern OK. && .TSA WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... OK...None. AR...None. && $$ SHORT TERM...69
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Las Vegas NV
210 PM PDT Sat Jul 10 2021 .SYNOPSIS...Major heat wave will peak across the region over the weekend with long standing and all-time record high temperatures being challenged or exceeded in some areas. Isolated thunderstorms will continue to be possible in the afternoon and evening hours, but mainly in the higher terrain and in northwest Arizona. Heat will gradually moderate next week as high pressure weakens and deeper monsoonal moisture moves into eastern areas. && .DISCUSSION...Through next Saturday. Through Tuesday...Intense high center with H5 heights greater than 597 dm will stay positioned over the southern Great Basin and Mojave Desert. Extremely dangerous temperatures will continue to occur. The heat product may need to be extended out one more day to Tuesday for our western zones but we can cross that bridge either tonight or tomorrow. Modest monsoon moisture is in place across parts of southern Clark, southern Mohave and eastern San Bernardino Counties. This moisture will generally remain in place or get nudged slightly further west and north through Tuesday; generally staying along and southeast of I-15. Latest HRRR run continues to indicate isolated thunderstorms in southern Mohave County into this evening, working as far west as around Kingman before starting to weaken. Outflow easterly winds from the storms have the potential of making it into the Colorado River Valley between Lake Mohave and Lake Havasu. Winds speeds do not look that intense maybe gusts up to 30 mph. As the moisture seeps northward the threat of isolated thunderstorms increases slightly Sunday into Tuesday. Any storms along and southeast of I-15 should be wet, while elsewhere isolated dry thunderstorms are possible over south central Nevada and Inyo County. Will continue to monitor the need for any fire weather headlines regarding dry lightning. Wednesday and Beyond: Trough along the West Coast will allow H5 heights to retreat slightly during the period as the high center shifts east toward the Four Corners region by next Saturday. This will bring an end to the extreme temperatures as values return closer to our mid-July normals. Southwest flow associated with the trough will spread drier air in from the west limiting any chance for showers and thunderstorms to Mohave County Thursday-Saturday. && .CLIMATE...Listed below are a few climate locations showing both the record high maximum and high minimum temperature for each location and the year the record was last set for Saturday, Sunday and Monday. LOCATION SAT-JULY 10 SUN-JULY 11 MON-JULY 12 (HIGH MAX) Record(year) Record(year) Record(year) Las Vegas NV 114(2012) 116(1959) 114(2003) Bishop CA 110(2002) 107(2020) 108(2020) Barstow CA 115(1961) 115(2003) 115(2020) Needles CA 121(2003) 120(2020) 124(1925) Kingman AZ 111(2003) 110(1961) 111(2020) Desert Rock NV 110(2002) 110(2012) 111(2020) Death Valley CA 134(1913) 129(1913) 130(1913) LOCATION SAT-JULY 10 SUN-JULY 11 MON-JULY 12 (HIGH MIN) Record(year) Record(year) Record(year) Las Vegas NV 89(2002) 91(2012) 94(2020) Bishop CA 71(1985) 70(2013) 69(1990) Barstow CA 84(2013) 85(2002) 87(2012) Needles CA 92(2002) 94(2012) 92(2019) Kingman AZ 79(1913) 81(1906) 83(1925) Desert Rock NV 81(1981) 81(1996) 81(2003) Death Valley CA 100(1924) 105(1920) 107(2012) && .AVIATION...For McCarran...Easterly or light and variable wind expected into early evening. Speeds should stay at 8 kts or less. After 02Z, typical south-southwesterly wind will develop and continue overnight. Light easterly wind will develop again Sunday with speeds 8 kts or less. Expecting more storm development over the mountains west of the valley tomorrow. Outflow from the decaying storms could impact the terminal late in the afternoon. Confidence to low to include the forecast at this point. SCT-BKN150 during the period. Extreme temperatures are expected through the weekend, with temperatures reaching 100 degrees each morning by 9-10 AM and falling below in the 12-2 AM time frame. High temperatures will be near 116 today and Sunday. For the rest of southern Nevada, northwest Arizona, and southeast California...Easterly outflow winds up to 25 kts could impact KEED and KIFP early this evening as storms weaken to the east over Mohave County. Gusty outflow winds from storms along the southern Sierra crest may also impact KBIH with gusty westerly winds. Elsewhere, isolated storms will dissipate this evening leaving behind partly to mostly cloudy skies and typical nighttime down valley winds. Similar conditions are forecast tomorrow with greatest thunderstorm threat being over Mohave County and the southern Sierra crest. && .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...Spotters are encouraged to report any significant weather or impacts according to standard operating procedures. && $$ DISCUSSION...Pierce CLIMATE...Peters For more forecast information...see us on our webpage: https://weather.gov/lasvegas or follow us on Facebook and Twitter