Forecast Discussions mentioning any of "HRRR" "RAP" "RUC13" "RUC" "RR" received at GSD on 10/15/16


Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Columbia SC
1020 PM EDT Fri Oct 14 2016 .SYNOPSIS... High pressure will be in control of the region through the middle of next week. Expect a warming trend with above normal temperatures. Moisture and a chance for precipitation will return to the area late next week. && .NEAR TERM /UNTIL 6 AM SATURDAY MORNING/... A flattened upper ridge over the forecast area downstream of an upper trough over the lower Mississippi Valley is resulting in continued high level cloudiness moving west to east across the region. A surface ridge centered over New England ridging down the east coast is providing an east to southeasterly low level onshore flow also resulting in some patchy stratocumulus clouds. There is some uncertainty as to how extensive the lower stratocumulus clouds may become as HRRR indicates low level stratus developing near the CSRA later tonight and shifting westward into central Georgia where the better isentropic lift is located. Will continue with partly cloudy skies overnight and adjust hourly sky grids to account for current trends. Moisture is quite shallow and limited so no threat for measurable rainfall so dry forecast continues. A weak low level jet around 15-20 knots will help keep the boundary layer mixed a bit and with variable cloud cover, temperatures could be impacted especially in the CSRA and southern Midlands. Expect lows in the lower 50s north to upper 50s south. && .SHORT TERM /6 AM SATURDAY MORNING THROUGH SUNDAY NIGHT/... An upper level short wave will continue to weaken as it moves over the Southeast this weekend. At the surface, high pressure will ridge in to the forecast area with winds out of the NE. A relatively dry air column will likely rule out precip as the upper disturbance moves overhead late Saturday/early Sunday. Areas of low stratus will be possible Saturday morning. The NAM suggests more easterly low level flow then the GFS, which would advect more moisture into the area overnight. Inconsistencies between models give low confidence at this point. High temperatures will generally be in the middle to upper 70s in the Midlands and around 80 in the CSRA. Expect overnight lows in the 50s. && .LONG TERM /MONDAY THROUGH FRIDAY/... Upper level ridging builds back in to the region through mid-week as surface high pressure remains over the area. Dry weather is expected through Wednesday with a warming trend. As the surface high and upper ridge shift eastward late next week, moisture will return to the area. Models show an upper level trough digging in to the central US next week but become divergent near the end of the week. The models were showing the trough moving in to the eastern US but the most recent GFS run suggests a cut off low may remain in the south-central US with ridging across the SE. There is a chance for precipitation near the end of the forecast period but uncertainty is high. && .AVIATION /02Z SATURDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY/... VFR conditions expected outside of morning stratus around sunrise. Weak diffuse frontal boundary south of Midlands sites, but close to CSRA sites. Weak northeasterly low-level flow will continue near and just north of the front. High level clouds will continue to stream across the region through the period. Models indicating the potential development of low stratus around sunrise. Bufkit shows a good low-level jet through the night, so tend to lean more towards the mvfr stratus solution. Still, can not completely rule out some ifr visibilities at ags/ogb around sunrise also. Expect any stratus to gradually improve by late Saturday morning. Dry forecast through the period. EXTENDED AVIATION OUTLOOK...MVFR or IFR stratus and fog is possible during the early morning hours Sunday associated with low-level moisture in a northeast flow and nocturnal cooling. && .CAE WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... GA...None. SC...None. && $$
Area Forecast Discussion...UPDATED
National Weather Service Fort Worth TX
951 PM CDT Fri Oct 14 2016 .UPDATE... Main updates to the forecast revolve around sky and wx grids with minor adjustments to hourly temperatures. The remainder of the forecast remains unchanged. Water vapor imagery this evening shows that the shortwave trough that was responsible for this morning`s rain continues to push eastward. In its wake---subsidence and dry mid-level air continue to overspread the region. Further upstream, however, high level cloudiness was starting to nudge further to the south into the OK and TX panhandles. This may have some minor bearing on the overall fog potential tonight. The latest model guidance continues to ramp up 925-850mb flow across the area, with the strongest speeds out across western/northwestern zones. This is confirmed by latest DYX WSR-88D VWP with 20-25 knot flow being sampled across the Big Country. With the relatively increasing flow at the top of the boundary layer, I`ve trimmed back the areal coverage of fog and have confined its mention to areas east of the Highway 281 corridor, despite some of the heavier rainfall across the west. If low level flow is being over forecast out west, it`s possible that fog, some dense may form. There may be a chance for some dense fog out east, but there remains a little too much uncertainty to carry in the worded forecast at this time. Increasing upper level cloudiness may also hinder the amount of radiational cooling somewhat across far northwestern sections of North TX further limiting the fog potential. The increasing low level flow should help to transport moisture northward and result in a blanket of clouds across much of North and Central TX. Morning cloud cover should slowly erode with heating on Saturday. The remainder of the forecast looks to be in good shape and updated products have been transmitted. 24-Bain && .AVIATION... /ISSUED 651 PM CDT Fri Oct 14 2016/ 00Z TAFS Concerns through Saturday will be the potential for brief MVFR VSBYs, along with spotty low MVFR/IFR cigs around sunrise. Otherwise, south flow will continue to increase overnight into Saturday, as lee-side surface cyclogenesis continues deepening across southeast Colorado. Metroplex TAFs... VFR conditions with occasional high cigs through 11Z Saturday, at which time increasing southerly low level flow in the lowest 5 kft enhances some spotty stratus. Per the RUC Ops/Bak40 soundings, this stratus will occur either side of 1 kft and for now, flow not strong enough to prevail, so will only TEMPO such occurrence happening. By 15Z...warming low level temps and increasing south winds 10-15 kts will allow for the return of VFR conditions. Waco TAFs... Similar trends to Metroplex TAF locations, though with weaker low level south-southeast flow, chances may be better for some brief IFR conditions around daybreak Saturday. Otherwise, VFR returns after 15Z with increasing south winds 10-15 kts and warming low level temps. 05 && .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 329 PM CDT Fri Oct 14 2016/ Upper level high pressure will build in from the west tonight behind an exiting shortwave. This will bring increasing dry air aloft and large scale subsidence. However, moisture will remain in the lowest levels of the atmosphere. The combination of this lingering moisture, a damp ground and light wind will result in a chance for fog overnight. There is a potential for some dense fog depending on how fast the clouds clear. For now we will just mention widespread patchy fog and let the evening shift assess the cloud trends. Any fog that does develop tonight will linger through sunrise and lift by mid morning Saturday. Saturday afternoon will be partly cloudy, warm and on the humid side with highs in the middle and upper 80s. Low level moisture will remain in place across the region through the weekend as a surface lee trough develops across the Central High Plains. This lee trough will develop in response to a low pressure system moving into the Pacific Northwest. The increase in low level moisture coupled with the upper ridge aloft will result in hot/humid days and warm nights for mid October. Highs Sunday through Tuesday will be in the upper 80s and lower 90s with lows in the upper 60s and lower 70s. The Pacific Northwest system will move east across the Rockies Tuesday night while a cold front moves south across the Central High Plains. The models begin to diverge on solutions beyond Tuesday night with the GFS deepening the trough across the 4 Corners region while the ECMWF keeps the system progressive and moves the upper trough to the Central Plains on Wednesday. For now we will side closer to the ECMWF solution which has been more consistent with this system over the past few runs. Therefore, we expect a cold front to move across the region Wednesday/Wednesday night with some accompanying rain/storm chances through Thursday. The front will also bring much cooler temperatures for the second half of next week. 79 && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... Dallas-Ft. Worth 69 88 71 89 70 / 5 5 0 0 0 Waco 68 89 69 90 69 / 5 5 0 0 5 Paris 64 86 67 87 68 / 5 5 0 5 5 Denton 66 86 68 87 68 / 5 5 0 0 0 McKinney 67 86 68 87 68 / 5 5 0 0 0 Dallas 70 88 71 88 71 / 5 5 0 0 0 Terrell 67 87 68 88 68 / 5 5 0 0 5 Corsicana 67 88 69 89 69 / 5 5 0 5 5 Temple 68 88 68 89 68 / 5 5 5 0 5 Mineral Wells 65 87 66 89 66 / 5 5 0 0 0 && .FWD WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... None. && $$ 05/24
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Huntsville AL
916 PM CDT Fri Oct 14 2016 .NEAR TERM...(Rest of tonight) Issued at 915 PM CDT Fri Oct 14 2016 Axis of upper trof now extends from ern AR thru wrn TN/KY. Radar trends are showing that the light shra activity across the area is continuing to decrease in coverage and intensity. HRRR and the new NAM data are also showing this trend. As a result will lower pops to 20 percent mainly along the TN and AL border until arnd 08z. Will end the chc of shra after 08z. BHM 00z u/a sounding was showing a lot of dry air while the 00z u/a sounding from OHX was much more saturated, hence the reason to keep the low pops in our zones that border OHX`s srn zones. The upper trof will slowly move east overnight and Saturday but with limited moisture not expecting much if any pcpn on Saturday attm. .SHORT TERM...(Saturday through Sunday) Issued at 225 PM CDT Fri Oct 14 2016 As the mid-level trough axis moves across MS on Saturday, anticipating that moisture advection will transition from a south to southeast orientation with moisture originating from the Atlantic to an orientation where moisture originates from the Gulf of Mexico. Though lift is present for showers, there still looks to be a dry air layer in the low-levels that may preclude shower activity. Nevertheless, will stay with isolated showers during the early morning hours and transition `higher` POPs to the eastern half of the CWA (northeast AL/southern Middle TN) for the afternoon and evening. Clouds should gradually decrease from west to east as the trough moves east across the TN Valley. As a result of the clouds decreasing, daytime heating should result in lower 80s highs for most of the region. The cooler daytime high temperatures would be over northeast AL. Despite the rainfall and some slight wind direction change, not anticipating much in the way of temperature change for Saturday night. However, overnight lows may dip down into the mid 50s over northeast Alabama. Then, a broad anticyclone will rapidly shift northeast from TX/Northern Mexico with the prevailing northwesterly flow over the TN Valley on Sunday with dry and warm weather expected. Daytime highs will still rise into the low 80s with dewpoint temperatures holding in the upper 50s to low 60s. .LONG TERM...(Sunday night through Thursday) Issued at 225 PM CDT Fri Oct 14 2016 The long term period starts off dry with a strong surface high pressure area centered over the southeastern states and weak ridging aloft. This pattern will remain in place through at least Tuesday night. The strong ridging coupled with the return of southerly flow will allow high temps to rise to well above normal values, in the middle to upper 80s, under sunny skies. Normal highs for this time of year are in the middle 70s. A similar story exists for overnight lows both Monday and Tuesday night which will be in the upper 50s to lower 60s. Normal lows are in the lower 50s. The pattern begins to shift on Wednesday as a trough amplifies over the Intermountain West as the ridge over the eastern half of the U.S. starts to break down. Highs on Wednesday will still be warm, in the middle 80s with lows still in the upper 50s. This is when things start to get interesting between the GFS and ECMWF. The GFS holds strong with the ridge over the SE Atlantic which creates a cut off low over western Texas on Thursday. This interacts with a plume of moisture from the gulf creating cloudy, wet and mild conditions basically Thursday through the weekend. The ECMWF (12z/14) however, is the opposite. It deepens the trough and sweeps the cold front through overnight Thursday night. This solution would bring just a line of showers and a few storms (possibly) through the overnight and dry the rest of the period. 850 temps also would drop from 14-15C to 2-4C by Friday, which is almost 10 degrees colder than the GFS. For now, will keep the POPs from the blend which is just a chance of showers Thursday through Friday night. Removed some of the previous mention of thunder and just left slight chance for Thursday and Friday which would be the best chance of instability, if any (entirely dependent on which solution verifies). In terms of temps, it looks like the GFS is the outlier as the blends are on the cool side similar to the ECMWF solution. This puts highs on Thursday in the middle to upper 70s and highs Friday in the upper 60s. Lows Thu/Fri nights also drop into the lower 50s. && .AVIATION...(For the 00Z TAFS through 00Z Saturday evening) Issued at 611 PM CDT Fri Oct 14 2016 VFR conditions will prevail through the next 24 hours at the KMSL and KHSV terminals. Light rain to the west is expected to diminish prior to reaching the terminals. Winds will shift to the southeast overnight and will generally remain in the 5 to 10 kt range through Saturday afternoon. && .HUN WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... AL...NONE. TN...NONE. && $$ NEAR TERM...007 SHORT TERM...SL.77 LONG TERM...LN AVIATION...73 For more information please visit our website at weather.gov/huntsville.
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Norman OK
1053 PM CDT FRI OCT 14 2016 .DISCUSSION... Aviation discussion for the 06 UTC TAFs is below. && AVIATION... For the most part, VFR conditions are expected. MVFR conditions are most likely across northwestern Oklahoma near KWWR and KGAG. Confidence is moderate that these conditions will occur and continue before 15 UTC. Not sure exactly when the MVFR conditions will end at these sites. There is a chance for patchy MVFR/IFR/VLIFR conditions with BR/FG nearly anytime and anywhere before 19 UTC, but will not mention due to low confidence of occurrence. KCSM, KWWR, and KGAG appear to have the greatest chance for IFR/VLIFR conditions. Will add convective low level wind shear at KPNC through 15 UTC where confidence of occurrence is moderate. Otherwise, will not mention due to low confidence of occurrence. South to southwesterly surface winds will increase and become gusty at all sites 13-17 UTC. These winds will diminish 22-24 UTC. Have high confidence all locations will be VFR after 19 UTC. MBS && .PREV DISCUSSION... /issued 1024 PM CDT FRI OCT 14 2016/ UPDATE... Only minor updates, mainly to dewpoints, temperatures/mins and clouds tonight. DISCUSSION... There are really mixed signals on what to expect with cloud cover tonight. NAM/GFS MOS suggest cloudy skies, while HRRR and current trends suggest quite a bit of clearing except in the southeast where clouds increase again. Have kind of split the difference as expect some cloud redevelopment with the ongoing moisture advection, but have kept more of a gradient with highest cloud cover northeast and lowest southwest. Temperatures at a few locations in west central Oklahoma have already dropped to the forecast mins, so adjusted min temperatures down a degree or two in some areas. But there will be a floor to how far temperatures drop with the current dewpoints. PREV DISCUSSION... /issued 245 PM CDT FRI OCT 14 2016/ DISCUSSION... Primary forecast focus is placed on the unseasonably warm temperatures this weekend into early next week, along with increasing fire weather concerns in west and northwestern Oklahoma. Currently, noticable on water vapor, our 500mb low amplitude short wave from yesterday continues to make its exit eastward across the Ozark Plateau. In its wake, low level stratus clouds continue to linger across portions of the southern plains. Clearing in the far northwest has resulted in a diurnal response, with temperatures pushing the upper 70s to 80. Elsewhere, cloud cover will keep temps low, but subtle breaks in the deck may result in a quick few degree burst, but mostly, afternoon highs will top out in the mid 70s. Tonight into tomorrow: already apparent across the western Panhandles into eastern New Mexico, south and southwesterly flow will increase as a stout ridge axis sets up from the Trans Pecos into the central plains. This decent fetch of boundary layer downslope flow will result in a warming of the boundary layer. Short range guidance remains in decent agreement through the weekend, with afternoon 850mb temperatures approaching 20 to 25 C. If these temperatures are realized, they will place well above the 90th percentile for OUN off the SPC sounding climatology. This period of warmth will extend from the weekend through Monday. Highs tomorrow will be in the mid 80s across much of the region, to around 90 in western Oklahoma and western north Texas. Record highs are possible in some locations across western Oklahoma on Sunday where highs will push into the lower 90s. Monday will be the warmest day, as a surface front approaches off the western high plains, several records may be reached, as highs push into the upper 80s in central Oklahoma to the low to mid 90s in western Oklahoma and western north Texas. Temperatures will remain unseasonably warm, but cooler, on Tuesday, as the surface trough pushes southward, nearly stalling in southern Oklahoma by the afternoon. Tuesday into Wednesday, long range guidance begins to diverge significantly. The GFS remains almost excessively bullish compared to the ECMWF and GEM with the progression of a deepening 500mb trough over the Intermountain West. With little confidence from the GFS ensemble, will continue to lean toward the ECMWF`s nearly dry solution for Thursday, with slight chances for showers on Wednesday. Kurtz FIRE WEATHER... A shift in the 500mb ridge to the east and the approach of a deepening lee trough and surface front will result in elevated fire weather concerns early next week. Strong southwesterly flow and unseasonably warm temperatures will result in critical relative humidities Monday afternoon. Additionally, continued drying of vegetation/fuels will occur, especially over northwestern and western Oklahoma. Kurtz && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... Oklahoma City OK 65 84 66 87 / 0 0 0 0 Hobart OK 65 85 64 89 / 0 0 0 0 Wichita Falls TX 67 87 66 90 / 0 0 0 0 Gage OK 65 91 58 94 / 0 0 0 0 Ponca City OK 66 84 67 90 / 0 0 0 0 Durant OK 66 85 67 88 / 0 0 0 0 && .OUN Watches/Warnings/Advisories... OK...None. TX...None. && $$ 26/17
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Bismarck ND
253 AM CDT Sat Oct 15 2016 .SHORT TERM...(Today and tonight) Issued at 252 AM CDT Sat Oct 15 2016 Early morning radar mosaic shows a few showers still moving across parts of central North Dakota. Short term models including the HRRR and RAP are in agreement that these should end in the next couple hours. Will watch latest trends and try to limit pops as much as possible this morning. The remainder of the day should have decreasing clouds with seasonably warm temperatures. Have gone with highs generally in the 60s to near 70. It should be relatively quiet tonight with lows in the lower to mid 40s. .LONG TERM...(Sunday through Friday) Issued at 252 AM CDT Sat Oct 15 2016 The models have been relatively consistent in bringing an H5 trough across the Northern Plains on Sunday, but they have differed in regards to how much moisture this system will have with it. The strongest forcing appears to be across northern parts of the state so will continue to carry the best chance of showers in that area. An isolated shower could linger into Sunday evening towards the James River Valley, but most of the forecast area should be dry. Small chances of showers continue early next week as successive H5 waves move across the region. There will also be a trend towards cooler temperatures as a strong upper trough moves through the central United States towards mid week. It appears temperatures may bottom out around Wednesday...then slowly begin warming late in the week as heights again build across the Northern Plains. && .AVIATION...(For the 06Z TAFS through 06Z Saturday night) Issued at 252 AM CDT Sat Oct 15 2016 VFR conditions are expected through the forecast period. An isolated shower or sprinkle can not be ruled out for another hour or two, but those chances are small enough to omit from the forecast. && .BIS WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... NONE. && $$ SHORT TERM...CK LONG TERM...CK AVIATION...CK
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Columbia SC
425 AM EDT Sat Oct 15 2016 .SYNOPSIS... Weak upper level trough will continue moving northwest of the area today spreading clouds across the area. High pressure will be in control of the region Sunday through Thursday with an upper level ridge building over the eastern US. This will result in dry weather with a warming trend through the middle of next week. && .NEAR TERM /THROUGH TONIGHT/... Weak short wave trough aloft will move northwest of the area today with some cloudiness crossing the area through the day. At the surface high pressure centered over the New England states will ridge into the forecast area keeping easterly winds in place. Although the short wave will interact with the western Midlands through the afternoon...with a dry air mass in place do not expect any chance of rain today. High pressure will continue building into the forecast area tonight as the high pressure slides southeastward keeping partly cloudy skies over the region. Temperatures this afternoon will range from the lower 70s in the northern Midlands to near 80 in the CSRA with lower to middle 50s tonight. && .SHORT TERM /SUNDAY THROUGH MONDAY NIGHT/... High pressure will continue sliding southward along the coast as an upper level ridge builds over the MS River Valley Sunday and into the forecast area Monday. This will keep the dry air mass in place with mostly clear to partly cloudy skies over the region through Monday night. With the upper level ridge building over the region temperature will slowly warm a few degrees each day with no chance of rain. Temperatures Sunday will be in the middle 70s to around 80 with upper 70s to lower 80s for Monday...overnight lows will be in the middle to upper 50s. && .LONG TERM /TUESDAY THROUGH FRIDAY/... Models are in good agreement through much of next week with increasing differences for Thursday onward. High pressure and the upper level ridge will remain in place across the region through Wednesday with an upper level trough digging into the MS River Valley Wednesday night and Thursday. This will result in low pressure developing over the region and open the area to Gulf moisture. Models differ with the handling of the scenario with the GFS begin more amplified and wetter with the features than the ECMWF...while the ECMWF has been more consistent over the past several model runs. As such have made few changes to the forecast for Wednesday night and beyond as confidence is low...however change made have been toward the ECMWF due to consistency. Temperatures through the long term will be above normal through Wednesday...then near normal as clouds and showers move back into the region. && .AVIATION /08Z SATURDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY/... VFR conditions expected outside of morning stratus around sunrise. High pressure across the area. Weak northeast to east low-level flow will advect shallow moisture into the area overnight. Patchy MVFR strato-cu has been reported in the area during the past couple of hours. Models indicating the potential development of low stratus around sunrise and Mos suggesting a brief IFR threat...mainly at AGS/OGB Terminals. Moderately strong low-level jet should limit fog development.The latest HRRR supports stratus over fog. Expect any stratus to gradually improve by mid morning. Dry forecast through the period. EXTENDED AVIATION OUTLOOK...MVFR or IFR stratus and fog is possible during the early morning hours Sunday associated with low-level moisture in a northeast flow and nocturnal cooling. && .CAE WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... GA...None. SC...None. && $$
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service State College PA
529 AM EDT Sat Oct 15 2016 .SYNOPSIS... High pressure centered over New England will drift slowly southeast over the next several days, becoming centered near Bermuda by next week. A cold front is likely to work into the region around Wednesday, then stall over the area through the end of the week. && .NEAR TERM /UNTIL 6 PM THIS EVENING/... 11-3.9u satellite imagery showing patchy valley fog across Central Pa early this morning. Based on 09Z sfc obs, it looks like only patchy frost will be observed across the Susq Valley, where temps should bottom out in the mid to upper 30s at most spots. HRRR suggests the fog will burn off between 14Z-15Z. A return southerly flow of milder air develops today, as surface high drifts off the Mid Atlantic coast. Abundant sunshine should push temps into the mid 60s over most of Central Pa, with the warmest readings relative to normal over Western Pa based on GEFS 925MB temp anomalies. Low level moisture advection will kick in across Western Pa, helping to form and push the leading edge of a sct-bkn shield of high based strato cu...and alto cu across the Alleghenies during the afternoon hours. && .SHORT TERM /6 PM THIS EVENING THROUGH 6 PM SUNDAY/... Low level moisture advection will lead to variable amounts of cloudiness tonight, leading to milder overnight mins of 45-50F over much of the region. Model soundings indicate skies will remain mclear long enough to promote patchy valley fog across the Susq Valley late tonight. A dying cold front will push across the Eastern Grt Lks Sunday, perhaps spreading a few showers into the northwest counties toward evening. Southwest flow ahead of the front will push 850/925MB temps well above seasonal norms, supporting max temps in the low to mid 70s. Model RH time sections indicate most areas will see partly sunny skies on average Sunday. && .LONG TERM /SUNDAY NIGHT THROUGH FRIDAY/... High pressure will slowly sink south and east into early next week. This should allow lead shortwave energy ejecting from the Western U.S. trough to push a weakening frontal system from the Great Lakes into the Northeast by early Monday. Blended model consensus continues to support a >50 percent of rain over northwest PA Sunday night with light QPF amounts <0.25 inches. There are two main weather themes emerging in the latest model and ensemble data for next week: 1) A period of mainly dry and unseasonably warm temperatures into midweek (Mon-Wed) with max/min temp departures +10 to +20 degrees above normal for mid-October. 2) Following the warm spell, a trend toward a cooler and wet weather from the second half of next week into the weekend, as a deepening upper level trof over the Miss Valley interacts with a stalled frontal boundary in the vicinity of Pa. && .AVIATION /09Z SATURDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY/... Scattered restrictions are possible again late tonight. The main threat will be a few hours of MVFR to IFR at BFD and AOO between 10Z to 13Z. Temperatures get low where VSBYS could drop to 1SM or less with generally MVFR stratocu through IFR stratocu at BFD could form briefly. Best chances are between 11Z to 12Z. Another VFR day on Sat. Winds will be light through the entire period with a gradual shift from the N/NW around to the SE. The next frontal system will bring a chance of showers later Sunday into Monday (mainly to the north). This could be preceded by a period of cig restrictions late Sat night into Sunday. Outlook... Sat...No sig wx expected. Sun...PM showers cig reductions possible north. Mon...Showers cig reductions possible, mainly north. Tue...Improving conditions. && .CTP WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... Frost Advisory until 9 AM EDT this morning for PAZ026>028-035- 036-045-046-049>053-056>059-063>066. && $$ SYNOPSIS...Fitzgerald NEAR TERM...Fitzgerald SHORT TERM...Fitzgerald LONG TERM...Fitzgerald/Gartner AVIATION...Lambert/Ceru
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Northern Indiana
412 AM EDT Sat Oct 15 2016 .SYNOPSIS... Issued at 400 AM EDT Sat Oct 15 2016 Clouds will increase across much of the area today. High pressure will still maintain dry conditions through this evening with seasonably warm temperatures. A frontal system will bring chances of showers and a few thunderstorms by late tonight into Sunday. Very warm and dry weather will return on Monday. High temperatures will reach into the 80s Monday. && .SHORT TERM...(Today and Tonight) Issued at 406 AM EDT Sat Oct 15 2016 Low level moisture trapped below strengthening inversion leading to stratus development over southern IL and IN early this morning. GOES Fog product showing rapid northward advancement of clouds and low level wind field suggest this area should continue to expand northeast and cover most of forecast area early this morning. Eastern half of the area may remain mostly clear to start day but expect eastward progression and at least partly cloudy by mid morning with mixing and some erosion. HRRR has had a good handle on the cloud cover and primarily used today. Strong inversion remains in place most of day and it may be tough to mix where cloud cover is thickest in the west. This should also keep temps several degrees cooler today than previous forecast and blends despite strong warm air advection which is above inversion. Overnight low temps radiated rather well and with clouds along with cool start afraid max temps in the mid 70s will be unattainable in the west unless stratus mixes early. Have lowered max temps several degrees after collaboration with neighboring offices. Northern stream short wave to approach tonight. Expect dry conditions in the evening with increasing chances for showers and a few thunderstorms across the northwest primarily after midnight as thetaE ridge moves in && .LONG TERM...(Sunday through Friday) Issued at 406 AM EDT Sat Oct 15 2016 Energetic north Pacific jet wreaking havoc with individual deterministic model runs for much of the long term period. Quite a bit of run to run and model to model differences yielding a plethora of solutions for mid to late week. Precipitation associated with weak short wave on Sunday will be ending from west to east during the day. Again with cloud cover and pcpn have lowered temps slightly. Models in fairly good agreement with clearing skies later Sunday night and strong mixing Monday with nearly full sunshine. If this indeed plays out we will be looking at a very warm day with near record highs in the lower to middle 80s over the entire area. Have raised temps over Superblend given strong mixing and warm low levels. Mid to late week forecast remains very uncertain. GFS continues to develop a strong low pressure system but is flipping from 4 corners region of southwest CONUS to the Midwest and Great Lakes region from run to run. ECMWF has remained more consistent with a more progressive sharp trough moving east and subsequent development of strong low pressure off of the east coast next weekend. Our area remains caught between these highly variable solutions. So in these cases we simply stick with the blends and wait until more certainty develops in the models. Will likely see more inconsistencies given amount of jet energy over the sparsely sampled north Pacific. It is not really a question of if a strong system develops, but when and where. Expect additional changes to forecast between Wednesday and next weekend. If ECMWF verifies...higher pops will be needed in the Wednesday to Thursday period while latest GFS would suggest higher pops for Friday into Saturday. Stay tuned. && .AVIATION...(For the 06Z TAFS through 06Z Saturday Night) Issued at 132 AM EDT Sat Oct 15 2016 VAD wind profiler sampling 30 kts at 2kft at 05Z as eastern periphery of low level jet infiltrates northern Indiana. With surface flow less than 5 kts, opted for LLWS mention through 12Z. Monitoring MVFR/IFR stratus deck across southern IL and IN quickly advecting northward toward terminals. For now, kept ceilings at low end MVFR for KSBN and KFWA after 12Z and 15Z respectively. Wouldn`t be surprised to see a brief period of IFR cigs at KSBN around 15Z, however will opt to monitor trends and ammend TAF and needed. Cigs may be slow to lift/scatter out with MVFR conditions possible through 18Z. && .IWX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... IN...NONE. MI...NONE. OH...NONE. LM...Small Craft Advisory until 5 AM EDT Sunday for LMZ043-046. && $$ SYNOPSIS...Lashley SHORT TERM...Lashley LONG TERM...Lashley AVIATION...NG Visit us at www.weather.gov/iwx Follow us on Facebook...Twitter...and YouTube at: www.facebook.com/NWSNorthernIndiana www.twitter.com/nwsiwx www.youtube.com/NWSNorthernIndiana
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
National Weather Service Jackson KY
355 AM EDT Sat Oct 15 2016 .SHORT TERM...(Today through Sunday) Issued at 355 AM EDT SAT OCT 15 2016 07z sfc analysis shows high pressure off to the east of Kentucky with a broad area of low pressure found well to the northwest. This is resulting in a flow of increasingly warm and relatively moist air into eastern Kentucky. In conjunction with a building mid level wave to the west some light showers, but mainly just sprinkles, have been moving through western portions of the area early this morning. With not much of a focusing mechanism for this moisture - expect that to be the case into the daylight hours. Currently, under mostly cloudy conditions, the latest patch of these light showers are developing over far western parts of the CWA and drifting northeast. The prevalence of mid and high clouds through the region will keep fog at bay for most places through dawn while the winds continue to be light to calm. Temperatures across East Kentucky early this morning generally vary from the mid 50s in the deeper valleys to the lower 60s on the ridges while dewpoints are mainly in the mid to upper 50s. The models are in good agreement aloft through the short term portion of the forecast as they all depict a wave developing in the fast and nearly zonal flow streaming across the CONUS. This wave takes shape later this morning over the Tennessee Valley and Deep South and slowly moves east. However, it will be overwhelmed by a burgeoning ridge from Texas later in the weekend and settle off shore of the southeast states by 00z Monday. Accordingly, there is a narrow window for when this feature will have an opportunity to impact the weather over eastern Kentucky. Given the good model agreement have favored a general blend with a lean toward the higher resolution guidance from the HRRR and NAM12. Sensible weather will feature a small chance for measurable rain this morning and into the afternoon for mainly the western and northern parts of the CWA as that upper wave takes shape just to our west. The variable clouds and today`s minor threat of light rain/sprinkles will not hinder temperatures much as the climb into the low to mid 70s by afternoon. Likewise, looking for a mild night in the continued broad southwest flow with a bit less in the way of clouds and near zero PoPs into Sunday morning. Sunday proper then brings warmer conditions with more in the way of sunshine. For most places, despite the increase in dewpoints, the dry conditions will continue well through the weekend as the main wx makers stay too far north or south of the area to have much impact for East Kentucky. Started off with the CONSShort and ShortBlend for most weather elements with some adjustments in the near term to bump up PoPs for at least some sprinkles around this morning. Also tweaked the spot forecast for temperatures this morning and tonight to account for some limited terrain distinctions. .LONG TERM...(Sunday night through Friday) Issued at 345 AM EDT SAT OCT 15 2016 The first part of the period upper level wise we will see increasing heights as upper level high progresses east across the SE US. While this will breakdown, as a trough digs into the Central Plains states and eventually east through the end of next week. Surface feature wise we will see a high pressure setup to our east along the Eastern Seaboard and this feature will be the controlling feature for us. A cold front approaches the region by the time we get to late Wednesday into Thursday. The question that remains is what happens with this feature. Model wise we remain is good agreement overall through Wednesday and then after this the divergence of the models becomes more apparent. The issue that becomes apparent in the longer range is do we see a deep closed low as the GFS advertises or do we see a open wave as the ECMWF advertises. Overall at this stage WPC is going with a more compromised approach which seems reasonable, but given that approach this keeps the upper level feature an open wave. This open wave thought is also being supported by the ensembles of both the GFS/ECMWF. In terms of the latter portion of the period will keep POP grids closer to the model blend given so much uncertainty. Impact wise confidence continues to increase that well above average temps will spread across the region Monday through Wednesday. This will be brought on by strong WAA pattern and mostly sunny skies. While sun angles will play a role in the warmth going forward the antecedent dry conditions will aid in the warmer airmass. That said leaned closer to the MOS Guide for these periods and temps will warm into the mid and even upper 80s by Tuesday. This will compromise the current record high temps of lower 80s both days. Wednesday more aforementioned uncertainties leading to less confidence on seeing the warmer temps. The cold front that approaches will bring a chance of rain mainly to the north on late Wednesday into Thursday, but given the uncertainties will remain close to the blend which keeps this slight to chance of rain showers at best through the remainder of the long term. && .AVIATION...(For the 06Z TAFS through 06Z Saturday night) ISSUED AT 145 AM EDT SAT OCT 15 2016 VFR conditions will prevail through the period, despite the approach and eventual passage of a mid level wave. Scattered to broken stratocu at 5 to 8k feet agl will squeeze out a few very light showers/sprinkles from time to time through this morning. Winds will remain light and variable until mid morning, before picking up out of the south/southwest at 5 to 10 kts. && .JKL WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... NONE. && $$ SHORT TERM...GREIF LONG TERM...DJ AVIATION...GREIF/GEOGERIAN
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Elko NV
256 AM PDT Sat Oct 15 2016 .SYNOPSIS...A series of very moist Pacific waves will move across the region through Monday. Gusty winds will occur once again this afternoon and evening, with gusts reaching 55 mph across over northwest Nevada. Periodic showers are expected tonight and Sunday, but may become widespread on Sunday night with snow in the mountains. Drier and warmer weather return for the latter part of next week. && .SHORT TERM...Today through Sunday evening. A brief respite today from the showers for nrn Nevada as the region will be in between Pacific waves. The next wave arrives this evening, but gradient flow tightens today as a powerful Pacific storm with an anomalously surface low moves toward the Pacific Northwest coastline. The HRRR model shows strong gusty winds will develop around midday across Humboldt county with gusts exceeding wind advisory criteria. The winds will continue until the next surface front sweeps across northwest Nevada later this evening. Winds will not be as strong farther east as gradient flow will be slightly weaker. Front stalls out on a line from Austin to Wendover Utah, providing the focus mechanism for showers on Sunday and the next surge of deep Pacific moisture that crosses the Sierras. The GFS and NAM do show some convective potential along the front late Sunday afternoon and evening. CAPE values are below 500 J/kg, but given strong flow and mid level cold advection, isolated storms are a possibility. The strongest short wave crosses nrn Nevada Sunday night. The amount of moisture transport is a rare occurrence for mid October. With the stalled front providing a focus mechanism with broad scale dynamical lift, showers should become widespread with a possibility this evolves into steady rainfall. The highest rainfall totals will be concentrated from eastern Humboldt county through Elko county where valleys could receive 0.25 to 0.50 of rain, with mountain areas exceeding 1.00. Northern Nye and White Pine counties will be considerably drier since this is the southern extent of the surface front. Snow levels will lower with some accumulations above 8K-9K feet. .LONG TERM...Sunday night through Friday. The period begins with large broad upper trough over the western United States. Short wave embedded within the mean trough will race across northern NV Sunday night and Monday bringing showers to all but the central and southern portion of northern Nye county. Brief break in activity Monday night except for a few showers possible along the northern border. Next short wave to move across northern NV on Tuesday but showers will mainly be confined to areas north of Interstate 80. Strong upper ridge then builds into the region Wednesday through Friday for dry weather along with a warming trend. && .AVIATION...Showers moving out of northeast NV early this morning with VFR conditions today. Cold front will move across northern NV tonight bringing showers with local areas of MVFR conditions. && .LKN WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... Wind Advisory from noon today to 11 PM PDT this evening for Humboldt County. && $$ 88/91/91
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Memphis TN
309 AM CDT Sat Oct 15 2016 .DISCUSSION... A weak LLJ is strengthening and expanding as it shifts out of North Mississippi into Middle Tennessee. A few light rain showers are developing in its wake East of I-55. The HRRR seems to be doing a nice job picking up on these showers...and has them dissipating by mid morning. Will follow that trend keeping a few showers around during the morning hours. Temperatures across the Midsouth are currently in the low to middle 60s with dew points only a degree or two cooler on average. As a result...fog has developed across the region and is only expected to get worse prior to sunrise. We have issued a Dense Fog Advisory for the entire Midsouth through 9 am. A moderately strong, positively tilted shortwave is centered over West Tennessee and North Central Mississippi...shifting slowly to the East. As is shifts across the Alabama state line and into Middle Tennessee, any light rain should come to an end. Any rainfall totals should be minimal. Southerly flow will strengthen today. Temperatures will rebound into the low 80s across most of the region...perhaps into the Middle 80s in North Mississippi. However...early morning cloud cover may limit daytime warming. We should begin to see significant clearing by Midday...especially across the southern half of the Midsouth. A Ridge will build over the Southern Plains...extending into the Midsouth today and tomorrow. Temperatures will trend warmer. Expect afternoon highs back into the middle 80s across most of the region by Sunday under clear skies. Zonal flow early next week will gradually transition to weak Southwest flow by midweek. Temperatures will increase slightly warmer than the weekend. Highs Monday and Tuesday will be in the middle to upper 80s. A longwave trough will shift East of the Rockies Wednesday. A cold front will approach the region after midweek...however due to weak steering flow aloft, there is quite a bit of uncertainty regarding its timing and how far South it will actually move. This feature has slowed a bit as expected. Warm temperatures now look to linger through Wednesday. Guidance varies significantly after midweek. The GFS features a deep cutoff low over the Midsouth...and the ECMWF is much more progressive taking an open wave East of the Midsouth. For now will advertise a cooldown after midweek as well as enhanced rain chances...but exact details are sketchy. Fairly confident in the cooldown with far less confidence in the precipitation coverage as well as nature(deep convection versus rain) of the precipitation. 30 && .AVIATION... 06Z TAFs Back edge of midlevel alto-cu deck had cleared JBR and was approaching MEM at 0445Z. CIGs and VSBY had decreased over AR, as the lower levels were more able to cool and saturate. MEM had gone VFR at 0220Z, while UTA had been LIFR for a good part of the evening. Expect MEM to gradually fall to IFR once the back edge of the elevated deck clears the area. VFR to prevail areawide Saturday, once the morning stratus dissipates. PWB && .MEG WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... AR...None. MO...None. MS...None. TN...None. && $$
For frequently asked questions about the Area Forecast Discussion
visit...
http://weather.gov/saltlakecity/general/afd_faqs.php
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
National Weather Service Topeka KS
304 AM CDT Sat Oct 15 2016 .SHORT TERM...(Today and tonight) Issued at 304 AM CDT Sat Oct 15 2016 Broad southwesterly flow aloft per water vapor this morning as an upper wave deepens as it enters Manitoba. In turn the sfc trough axis over eastern Colorado shifts into western Kansas by morning, increasing winds in excess of 50 kts at 900 mb. At the sfc, sustained speeds between 15 and 25 mph are likely through late afternoon with gusts in excess of 30 mph. Within the moist airmass upstream of the sfc trough in northeast Kansas, low level stratus and fog will once again pose a challenge for todays temp forecast. Several runs of the NAM, GFS, HRRR, and RAP guidance is showing decent isentropic ascent below the capping inversion at 850 mb. With near saturation towards the sfc, patchy drizzle is expected to develop around sunrise and continue through late afternoon until the upper trough clears eastward and lower dewpoints enter north central Kansas. As a result of the drizzle and the persistent stratus lingering through late afternoon, have lowered highs today a few degrees from the lower 70s over far northeast Kansas, to near 80 degrees for north central areas. For tonight, sfc trough holds over western Kansas with the warm front centered towards the KS and NE border. Southerly winds weaken to near 10 mph while low levels once again saturate allowing the stratus to build back in. Still some uncertainty on the possibility for widespread fog and/or drizzle with no strong signal of isentropic lift and low level winds staying up. As the drier air intrudes on north central areas, lows will fall a bit further into the upper 50s, with low to middle 60s anticipated elsewhere. .LONG TERM...(Sunday through Friday) Issued at 304 AM CDT Sat Oct 15 2016 Sunday and Monday continue to look dry and well above normal for temps. Models show the low level warm air advection pattern continuing with a pretty strong elevated mixed layer (EML) capping the boundary layer. Models show mid level flow gradually becoming more southwesterly but prog the better dynamics to remain mainly north of the forecast area. Since forcing does not appear to be strong enough to overcome the EML, will maintain a dry forecast through Monday. Highs will be dependent on how much sun there is since models continue to show low level moisture trapped near the surface under the EML. Think there should once again be a decent stratus deck to start the day Sunday. Although models are not as eager to saturate the low levels for Monday morning. So the warmest temps are still expected to be on Monday where there should be more insolation and slightly more mixing of the boundary layer. Prev forecast temps look reasonable and have only made some minor tweaks. See the climate discussion below for the temperatures records at TOP and CNK. By Tuesday the initial cold front passes through the forecast area dry due to limited forcing and the decent EML capping the warm sector. Unfortunately the uncertainty in the forecast increases for the last couple days of the work week with the GFS cutting off an upper low and the ECMWF maintaining a more progressive open wave through the central plains. The GFS has not shown much consistency in locating the closed low and the spaghetti plot of its ensemble members show quite a spread in solutions with the upper wave anywhere from the AZ/NM region to the Great Lakes at 12Z Friday. The model consensus has kept a chance for precip in the forecast from late Wednesday through Friday because of the operational GFS. While confidence in the GFS is low, the bulk of the ensemble solutions depict some form of an upper low over the central U.S. through the end of the forecast period so it is hard to completely rule out the operational solution. Because of the lack of confidence have opted to keep precip chances in the 20 to 30 percent range. Forecast soundings and progs of mid level lapse rates from the GFS suggest there should not be much if any instability by the middle of next week. With this in mind, only have rain showers mentioned in the forecast. Temps should trend cooler for Wednesday and Thursday as some Canadian air gets pulled south with the amplifying pattern. && .AVIATION...(For the 06Z TAFS through 06Z Saturday night) Issued at 1147 PM CDT Fri Oct 14 2016 Kept LLWS and MVFR to IFR cigs for the overnight hours, adjusted timing slightly. Also added VCSH for afternoon hours as steep low level lapse rates below the inversion look to generate showers more so in the afternoon. May need these sooner. && .CLIMATE... Issued at 304 AM CDT Sat Oct 15 2016 Temps are forecast to be near records for Sunday and Monday. The following are the record high temperatures as well as the warmest lows for Topeka and Concordia. Record HighRecord Warmest Low Topeka Sunday 8866 Monday9066 Concordia Sunday8867 Monday9065 && .TOP WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... NONE. && $$ SHORT TERM...Prieto LONG TERM...Wolters AVIATION...67 CLIMATE...Wolters
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Bismarck ND
842 AM CDT Sat Oct 15 2016 .UPDATE... Issued at 842 AM CDT Sat Oct 15 2016 Tweaked sky cover to better reflect current satellite imagery, otherwise edits to the forecast were minor for this update. Expect clouds to decrease today as a mid level S/WV trough pushes off to our east. UPDATE Issued at 620 AM CDT Sat Oct 15 2016 No changes other than to blend to observed trends through 11 UTC. Cloud cover is expected to decrease through the morning as the 90-100kt upper level jet propagates east. && .SHORT TERM...(Today and tonight) Issued at 252 AM CDT Sat Oct 15 2016 Early morning radar mosaic shows a few showers still moving across parts of central North Dakota. Short term models including the HRRR and RAP are in agreement that these should end in the next couple hours. Will watch latest trends and try to limit pops as much as possible this morning. The remainder of the day should have decreasing clouds with seasonably warm temperatures. Have gone with highs generally in the 60s to near 70. It should be relatively quiet tonight with lows in the lower to mid 40s. .LONG TERM...(Sunday through Friday) Issued at 252 AM CDT Sat Oct 15 2016 The models have been relatively consistent in bringing an H5 trough across the Northern Plains on Sunday, but they have differed in regards to how much moisture this system will have with it. The strongest forcing appears to be across northern parts of the state so will continue to carry the best chance of showers in that area. An isolated shower could linger into Sunday evening towards the James River Valley, but most of the forecast area should be dry. Small chances of showers continue early next week as successive H5 waves move across the region. There will also be a trend towards cooler temperatures as a strong upper trough moves through the central United States towards mid week. It appears temperatures may bottom out around Wednesday...then slowly begin warming late in the week as heights again build across the Northern Plains. && .AVIATION...(For the 12Z TAFS through 12Z Sunday morning) Issued at 620 AM CDT Sat Oct 15 2016 VFR conditions are forecast across western and central North Dakota for the 12 UTC TAF cycle as weak high pressure builds across the area. && .BIS WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... NONE. && $$ UPDATE...NH SHORT TERM...CK LONG TERM...CK AVIATION...AYD
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Lincoln IL
1059 AM CDT SAT OCT 15 2016 .UPDATE... Issued at 1059 AM CDT Sat Oct 15 2016 Low clouds continue to blanket central Illinois late this morning: however, visible satellite imagery is showing an area of clearing developing upstream across central/eastern Missouri. As southwesterly winds increase and better mixing occurs, this clearing will gradually work its way eastward across mainly the southern half of the KILX CWA later today. Based on satellite timing tools and most recent HRRR guidance, it appears the clearing will hold off until after 19z/2pm. By the end of the afternoon, most areas south of the I-74 corridor will become partly to mostly sunny. Afternoon highs will top out in the lower to middle 70s, but could approach the 80 degree mark across the far S/SW if clearing occurs sooner. && .SHORT TERM...(Today and tonight) ISSUED AT 300 AM CDT Sat Oct 15 2016 Low clouds were a bit quicker in arriving across central Illinois than previously thought as the leading edge has shifted north of our forecast area with a large area of stratus observed well to the south early this morning. As the lower layers of the atmosphere continue to moisten, we should see some patchy fog form along with some drizzle in a few areas as models continue to suggest some very weak lift in the moist boundary layer thru mid-morning. Persistent southerly flow transporting moisture north will continue today with most forecast soundings showing only a gradual improvement in sky condition late this morning and into this afternoon. This will provide a challenge with forecast high temperatures, which may have a tough time getting into the mid 70s over parts of our area due to the extensive cloud cover. Some locations well to our southwest yesterday, where the low clouds persisted for much of the day, saw afternoon highs only in the upper 60s to middle 70s. Some of the short term guidance suggests our western counties may see enough breaks in the cloud cover this afternoon which should help push temperatures well into the 70s in that area. A cold front is forecast to approach the Mississippi River late tonight and bring about the threat for scattered showers and thunderstorms to our northwest late tonight with a gradual east and southeast shift in the precipitation towards Sunday morning. The NAM model showing a 50 kt low level jet to our southwest with the most pronounced 850 mb theta-e advection and moisture convergence noted along the nose of the jet which will be focused into north central through northeast Illinois late tonight into Sunday morning. As a result, likely POPs will be roughly along and north of the Interstate 74 corridor for after midnight tonight with progressively lower POPs to the south. South winds and cloud cover tonight should keep our temperatures quite mild for the middle of October with most areas only dropping off into the 60 to 65 degree range by morning. .LONG TERM...(Sunday through Friday) ISSUED AT 300 AM CDT Sat Oct 15 2016 Threat of showers and storms will continue into Sunday morning across most of the forecast area, before 500 mb heights build in response to the boundary lifting northward. This will mark the start of a short period of unseasonably warm weather. NAM and ECMWF models project 850 mb temperatures as high as 22C by Monday afternoon, which would be record territory for this late in the year per SPC sounding climatology. With skies nearly clear, ample mixing would suggest highs in the mid to upper 80s. Breezy south winds will mix down nicely as well, with NAM Bufkit soundings suggesting 35 mph gusts in the afternoon and the GFS closer to 40-45. Will stay on the lower end of that range for now, but these may need to be adjusted upward in later forecasts. Main forecast uncertainties come in the middle and latter part of the time range. Nice upper trough will dig south across the Rockies Tuesday night, as a second trough drops down from central Canada. There remains some considerable spread in the model guidance for mid to late week, as the GFS cuts off a large upper low over the central Plains on Friday, while the the ECMWF phases the two troughs and eventually forms an upper low just north of the Great Lakes during that time. This latter scenario would be rather dry but significantly cooler by late week, while the GFS and Canadian models feature an extended period of milder but rainy conditions that would persist into the first part of the weekend. While blended guidance indicates periods of light rain from Wednesday night through the rest of the week, considerable spread in the GFS ensembles late in the week suggest a low confidence event this far out. && .AVIATION...(For the 12Z TAFS through 12Z Sunday morning) Issued at 550 AM CDT Sat Oct 15 2016 IFR to LIFR cigs and vsbys expected to gradually improve to low VFR cigs after 18z today. Southerly winds have brought quite a bit of stratus north into our area overnight and should hold thru the morning hours. Forecast soundings continue to indicate the cigs will lift and vsbys improve as the morning wears on with sct-bkn cigs (VFR) this afternoon. A cold front will then begin to slowly approach our area from the northwest late tonight bringing the threat for scattered TSRA to mainly our northern TAF sites after 05z. Another concern will be with the strong southerly flow just off the surface later this evening with the potential for non- convective low level wind shear, especially along and south of the I-72 corridor. Surface winds today will be southerly at 12 to 17 kts with gusts to around 23 kts at times. Look for south to southwest winds tonight with speeds in the 7 to 12 kt range. && .CLIMATE... Issued at 300 AM CDT Sat Oct 15 2016 Record highs for Monday: Charleston....... 88 (1950) Effingham........ 85 (1965) Galesburg........ 87 (1950) Jacksonville..... 89 (1964) Lawrenceville.... 85 (1963) Lincoln.......... 87 (1935) Normal........... 86 (1938) Peoria........... 86 (1950) Springfield...... 86 (1964) Urbana........... 87 (1950) && .ILX Watches/Warnings/Advisories... NONE. && $$ UPDATE...Barnes SHORT TERM...Smith LONG TERM...Geelhart AVIATION...Smith CLIMATE...Geelhart
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Northern Indiana
647 AM EDT Sat Oct 15 2016 .SYNOPSIS... Issued at 400 AM EDT Sat Oct 15 2016 Clouds will increase across much of the area today. High pressure will still maintain dry conditions through this evening with seasonably warm temperatures. A frontal system will bring chances of showers and a few thunderstorms by late tonight into Sunday. Very warm and dry weather will return on Monday. High temperatures will reach into the 80s Monday. && .SHORT TERM...(Today and Tonight) Issued at 406 AM EDT Sat Oct 15 2016 Low level moisture trapped below strengthening inversion leading to stratus development over southern IL and IN early this morning. GOES Fog product showing rapid northward advancement of clouds and low level wind field suggest this area should continue to expand northeast and cover most of forecast area early this morning. Eastern half of the area may remain mostly clear to start day but expect eastward progression and at least partly cloudy by mid morning with mixing and some erosion. HRRR has had a good handle on the cloud cover and primarily used today. Strong inversion remains in place most of day and it may be tough to mix where cloud cover is thickest in the west. This should also keep temps several degrees cooler today than previous forecast and blends despite strong warm air advection which is above inversion. Overnight low temps radiated rather well and with clouds along with cool start afraid max temps in the mid 70s will be unattainable in the west unless stratus mixes early. Have lowered max temps several degrees after collaboration with neighboring offices. Northern stream short wave to approach tonight. Expect dry conditions in the evening with increasing chances for showers and a few thunderstorms across the northwest primarily after midnight as thetaE ridge moves in && .LONG TERM...(Sunday through Friday) Issued at 406 AM EDT Sat Oct 15 2016 Energetic north Pacific jet wreaking havoc with individual deterministic model runs for much of the long term period. Quite a bit of run to run and model to model differences yielding a plethora of solutions for mid to late week. Precipitation associated with weak short wave on Sunday will be ending from west to east during the day. Again with cloud cover and pcpn have lowered temps slightly. Models in fairly good agreement with clearing skies later Sunday night and strong mixing Monday with nearly full sunshine. If this indeed plays out we will be looking at a very warm day with near record highs in the lower to middle 80s over the entire area. Have raised temps over Superblend given strong mixing and warm low levels. Mid to late week forecast remains very uncertain. GFS continues to develop a strong low pressure system but is flipping from 4 corners region of southwest CONUS to the Midwest and Great Lakes region from run to run. ECMWF has remained more consistent with a more progressive sharp trough moving east and subsequent development of strong low pressure off of the east coast next weekend. Our area remains caught between these highly variable solutions. So in these cases we simply stick with the blends and wait until more certainty develops in the models. Will likely see more inconsistencies given amount of jet energy over the sparsely sampled north Pacific. It is not really a question of if a strong system develops, but when and where. Expect additional changes to forecast between Wednesday and next weekend. If ECMWF verifies...higher pops will be needed in the Wednesday to Thursday period while latest GFS would suggest higher pops for Friday into Saturday. Stay tuned. && .AVIATION...(For the 12Z TAFS through 12Z Sunday Morning) Issued at 645 AM EDT Sat Oct 15 2016 Confidence increasing in a period IFR ceilings at terminals early in the TAF. Stratus deck has quickly advected into terminals early this morning. Surface and satellite obs show a solid area of IFR cigs in IL and western IN extending northward through KSBN. Expect mainly IFR cigs for a few hours, with a few jumps to MVFR per upstream trends. Slightly less confident in IFR cigs at KFWA, on the eastern periphery of stratus deck. Guidance and upstream obs support at least sporadic ceiling reduction to IFR, so will handle this with a TEMPO for the 12Z TAF. Scattering/lifting to MVFR or better conditions will likely hold off until 18Z or after. && .IWX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... IN...NONE. MI...NONE. OH...NONE. LM...Small Craft Advisory until 5 AM EDT Sunday for LMZ043-046. && $$ SYNOPSIS...Lashley SHORT TERM...Lashley LONG TERM...Lashley AVIATION...NG Visit us at www.weather.gov/iwx Follow us on Facebook...Twitter...and YouTube at: www.facebook.com/NWSNorthernIndiana www.twitter.com/nwsiwx www.youtube.com/NWSNorthernIndiana
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION...UPDATED
National Weather Service Jackson KY
635 AM EDT Sat Oct 15 2016 .UPDATE... Issued at 615 AM EDT SAT OCT 15 2016 Updated the PoP and Wx grids to cover the light showers/sprinkles moving through the western Cumberland Valley ATTM. Also, touched up the T/Td ones per the latest obs and trends. These have been sent to the NDFD and web servers. && .SHORT TERM...(Today through Sunday) Issued at 355 AM EDT SAT OCT 15 2016 07z sfc analysis shows high pressure off to the east of Kentucky with a broad area of low pressure found well to the northwest. This is resulting in a flow of increasingly warm and relatively moist air into eastern Kentucky. In conjunction with a building mid level wave to the west some light showers, but mainly just sprinkles, have been moving through western portions of the area early this morning. With not much of a focusing mechanism for this moisture - expect that to be the case into the daylight hours. Currently, under mostly cloudy conditions, the latest patch of these light showers are developing over far western parts of the CWA and drifting northeast. The prevalence of mid and high clouds through the region will keep fog at bay for most places through dawn while the winds continue to be light to calm. Temperatures across East Kentucky early this morning generally vary from the mid 50s in the deeper valleys to the lower 60s on the ridges while dewpoints are mainly in the mid to upper 50s. The models are in good agreement aloft through the short term portion of the forecast as they all depict a wave developing in the fast and nearly zonal flow streaming across the CONUS. This wave takes shape later this morning over the Tennessee Valley and Deep South and slowly moves east. However, it will be overwhelmed by a burgeoning ridge from Texas later in the weekend and settle off shore of the southeast states by 00z Monday. Accordingly, there is a narrow window for when this feature will have an opportunity to impact the weather over eastern Kentucky. Given the good model agreement have favored a general blend with a lean toward the higher resolution guidance from the HRRR and NAM12. Sensible weather will feature a small chance for measurable rain this morning and into the afternoon for mainly the western and northern parts of the CWA as that upper wave takes shape just to our west. The variable clouds and today`s minor threat of light rain/sprinkles will not hinder temperatures much as the climb into the mid to upper 70s this afternoon. Likewise, looking for a mild night in the continued broad southwest flow with a bit less in the way of clouds and near zero PoPs into Sunday morning. Am anticipating a bit more in the way of late night fog as radiational cooling looks to be better tonight. Sunday proper then brings warmer conditions with more in the way of sunshine. For most places, despite the increase in dewpoints, the dry conditions will continue well through the weekend as the main wx makers stay too far north or south of the area to have much impact for East Kentucky. Started off with the CONSShort and ShortBlend for most weather elements with some adjustments in the near term to bump up PoPs for at least some sprinkles around this morning. Also tweaked the spot forecast for temperatures this morning and tonight to account for some limited terrain distinctions. .LONG TERM...(Sunday night through Friday) Issued at 345 AM EDT SAT OCT 15 2016 The first part of the period upper level wise we will see increasing heights as upper level high progresses east across the SE US. While this will breakdown, as a trough digs into the Central Plains states and eventually east through the end of next week. Surface feature wise we will see a high pressure setup to our east along the Eastern Seaboard and this feature will be the controlling feature for us. A cold front approaches the region by the time we get to late Wednesday into Thursday. The question that remains is what happens with this feature. Model wise we remain is good agreement overall through Wednesday and then after this the divergence of the models becomes more apparent. The issue that becomes apparent in the longer range is do we see a deep closed low as the GFS advertises or do we see a open wave as the ECMWF advertises. Overall at this stage WPC is going with a more compromised approach which seems reasonable, but given that approach this keeps the upper level feature an open wave. This open wave thought is also being supported by the ensembles of both the GFS/ECMWF. In terms of the latter portion of the period will keep POP grids closer to the model blend given so much uncertainty. Impact wise confidence continues to increase that well above average temps will spread across the region Monday through Wednesday. This will be brought on by strong WAA pattern and mostly sunny skies. While sun angles will play a role in the warmth going forward the antecedent dry conditions will aid in the warmer airmass. That said leaned closer to the MOS Guide for these periods and temps will warm into the mid and even upper 80s by Tuesday. This will compromise the current record high temps of lower 80s both days. Wednesday more aforementioned uncertainties leading to less confidence on seeing the warmer temps. The cold front that approaches will bring a chance of rain mainly to the north on late Wednesday into Thursday, but given the uncertainties will remain close to the blend which keeps this slight to chance of rain showers at best through the remainder of the long term. && .AVIATION...(For the 12Z TAFS through 12Z Sunday morning) ISSUED AT 635 AM EDT SAT OCT 15 2016 VFR conditions will prevail through the period, despite the approach and eventual passage of a mid level wave today. Scattered to broken stratocu at 5 to 8k feet agl will squeeze out a few very light showers/sprinkles from time to time this morning and into the early afternoon. More clear patches tonight may yield better fog conditions toward dawn Sunday, but the TAF sites are likely to stay unrestricted. Winds will remain light and variable until mid morning, before picking up out of the south/southwest at 5 to 10 kts - look for them to drop off again after sunset. && .JKL WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... NONE. && $$ UPDATE...GREIF SHORT TERM...GREIF LONG TERM...DJ AVIATION...GREIF
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Memphis TN
1031 AM CDT Sat Oct 15 2016 .UPDATE... At 10 AM around the Mid-South a few showers are still ongoing across eastern portions of the region. Slightly adjusted POPs to account for latest radar trends, but this activity should come to an end by this afternoon. Current visible satellite imagery depicts clearing skies across the region, with temperatures currently in the mid to upper 60s areawide. No adjustments necessary at this time for temperatures, as sunshine should allow highs to warm into the upper 70s to mid 80s this afternoon. ZDM && .PREV DISCUSSION... /issued 309 AM CDT Sat Oct 15 2016/ DISCUSSION... A weak LLJ is strengthening and expanding as it shifts out of North Mississippi into Middle Tennessee. A few light rain showers are developing in its wake East of I-55. The HRRR seems to be doing a nice job picking up on these showers...and has them dissipating by mid morning. Will follow that trend keeping a few showers around during the morning hours. Temperatures across the Midsouth are currently in the low to middle 60s with dew points only a degree or two cooler on average. As a result...fog has developed across the region and is only expected to get worse prior to sunrise. We have issued a Dense Fog Advisory for the entire Midsouth through 9 am. A moderately strong, positively tilted shortwave is centered over West Tennessee and North Central Mississippi...shifting slowly to the East. As is shifts across the Alabama state line and into Middle Tennessee, any light rain should come to an end. Any rainfall totals should be minimal. Southerly flow will strengthen today. Temperatures will rebound into the low 80s across most of the region...perhaps into the Middle 80s in North Mississippi. However...early morning cloud cover may limit daytime warming. We should begin to see significant clearing by Midday...especially across the southern half of the Midsouth. A Ridge will build over the Southern Plains...extending into the Midsouth today and tomorrow. Temperatures will trend warmer. Expect afternoon highs back into the middle 80s across most of the region by Sunday under clear skies. Zonal flow early next week will gradually transition to weak Southwest flow by midweek. Temperatures will increase slightly warmer than the weekend. Highs Monday and Tuesday will be in the middle to upper 80s. A longwave trough will shift East of the Rockies Wednesday. A cold front will approach the region after midweek...however due to weak steering flow aloft, there is quite a bit of uncertainty regarding its timing and how far South it will actually move. This feature has slowed a bit as expected. Warm temperatures now look to linger through Wednesday. Guidance varies significantly after midweek. The GFS features a deep cutoff low over the Midsouth...and the ECMWF is much more progressive taking an open wave East of the Midsouth. For now will advertise a cooldown after midweek as well as enhanced rain chances...but exact details are sketchy. Fairly confident in the cooldown with far less confidence in the precipitation coverage as well as nature(deep convection versus rain) of the precipitation. 30 && .AVIATION... 12Z TAFs Low stratus and fog causing LIFR/IFR conditions at MEM...MKL and JBR this morning...with strong confidence they rise to VFR before noon. Expecting TUP to remain VFR. Light winds will become south at 7-8 kts. Clearing skies and light winds later in the period. JAB && .MEG WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... AR...None. MO...None. MS...None. TN...None. && $$
...Update to aviation forecast discussion...

.SHORT TERM...(Today and tonight) Issued at 304 AM CDT Sat Oct 15 2016 Broad southwesterly flow aloft per water vapor this morning as an upper wave deepens as it enters Manitoba. In turn the sfc trough axis over eastern Colorado shifts into western Kansas by morning, increasing winds in excess of 50 kts at 900 mb. At the sfc, sustained speeds between 15 and 25 mph are likely through late afternoon with gusts in excess of 30 mph. Within the moist airmass upstream of the sfc trough in northeast Kansas, low level stratus and fog will once again pose a challenge for todays temp forecast. Several runs of the NAM, GFS, HRRR, and RAP guidance is showing decent isentropic ascent below the capping inversion at 850 mb. With near saturation towards the sfc, patchy drizzle is expected to develop around sunrise and continue through late afternoon until the upper trough clears eastward and lower dewpoints enter north central Kansas. As a result of the drizzle and the persistent stratus lingering through late afternoon, have lowered highs today a few degrees from the lower 70s over far northeast Kansas, to near 80 degrees for north central areas. For tonight, sfc trough holds over western Kansas with the warm front centered towards the KS and NE border. Southerly winds weaken to near 10 mph while low levels once again saturate allowing the stratus to build back in. Still some uncertainty on the possibility for widespread fog and/or drizzle with no strong signal of isentropic lift and low level winds staying up. As the drier air intrudes on north central areas, lows will fall a bit further into the upper 50s, with low to middle 60s anticipated elsewhere. .LONG TERM...(Sunday through Friday) Issued at 304 AM CDT Sat Oct 15 2016 Sunday and Monday continue to look dry and well above normal for temps. Models show the low level warm air advection pattern continuing with a pretty strong elevated mixed layer (EML) capping the boundary layer. Models show mid level flow gradually becoming more southwesterly but prog the better dynamics to remain mainly north of the forecast area. Since forcing does not appear to be strong enough to overcome the EML, will maintain a dry forecast through Monday. Highs will be dependent on how much sun there is since models continue to show low level moisture trapped near the surface under the EML. Think there should once again be a decent stratus deck to start the day Sunday. Although models are not as eager to saturate the low levels for Monday morning. So the warmest temps are still expected to be on Monday where there should be more insolation and slightly more mixing of the boundary layer. Prev forecast temps look reasonable and have only made some minor tweaks. See the climate discussion below for the temperatures records at TOP and CNK. By Tuesday the initial cold front passes through the forecast area dry due to limited forcing and the decent EML capping the warm sector. Unfortunately the uncertainty in the forecast increases for the last couple days of the work week with the GFS cutting off an upper low and the ECMWF maintaining a more progressive open wave through the central plains. The GFS has not shown much consistency in locating the closed low and the spaghetti plot of its ensemble members show quite a spread in solutions with the upper wave anywhere from the AZ/NM region to the Great Lakes at 12Z Friday. The model consensus has kept a chance for precip in the forecast from late Wednesday through Friday because of the operational GFS. While confidence in the GFS is low, the bulk of the ensemble solutions depict some form of an upper low over the central U.S. through the end of the forecast period so it is hard to completely rule out the operational solution. Because of the lack of confidence have opted to keep precip chances in the 20 to 30 percent range. Forecast soundings and progs of mid level lapse rates from the GFS suggest there should not be much if any instability by the middle of next week. With this in mind, only have rain showers mentioned in the forecast. Temps should trend cooler for Wednesday and Thursday as some Canadian air gets pulled south with the amplifying pattern. && .AVIATION...(For the 12Z TAFS through 12Z Sunday morning) Issued at 626 AM CDT Sat Oct 15 2016 Tricky forecast this morning with respect to stratus cloud bases. Majority of obs show MVFR with a gap of drier air between KMHK and KTOP where deck lifts to VFR temporarily. All short term guidance points to moisture advection filling in the gap between 13Z and 15Z with high end IFR to low end MVFR stratus holding at all terminals through 18Z at KMHK and 20Z at KTOP/KFOE. Light, patchy drizzle is likely under the low stratus during this time frame. Some uncertainty for tonight in terms of fog potential. Currently, KMHK sees the highest probability with clearing skies and calm winds at the sfc. Started off with a mention of MVFR, but could easily be adjusted as today`s forecast plays out. && .CLIMATE... Issued at 304 AM CDT Sat Oct 15 2016 Temps are forecast to be near records for Sunday and Monday. The following are the record high temperatures as well as the warmest lows for Topeka and Concordia. Record HighRecord Warmest Low Topeka Sunday 8866 Monday9066 Concordia Sunday8867 Monday9065 && .TOP WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... NONE. && $$ SHORT TERM...Prieto LONG TERM...Wolters AVIATION...Prieto CLIMATE...Wolters
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Taunton MA
449 PM EDT Sat Oct 15 2016 .SYNOPSIS... As high pressure shifts south of New England, warmer air will move into our region starting Sunday. A weak cold front will bring a round of scattered showers to the region Sunday night, but a washout is not expected. Unseasonably warm weather follows through mid week with the potential for near record high temperatures Tuesday and Wednesday. Unsettled weather with a few chances for significant rain by Friday and Saturday. && .NEAR TERM /UNTIL 6 AM SUNDAY MORNING/... Rather tranquil weather through this afternoon. Light northeast to east winds towards the coasts gradually veer to light south winds toward late evening. Expecting this south wind to be a bit stronger than the light north winds we had last night. That, combined with a few more high clouds, should limit the potential for frost tonight. 15/12Z NAM continues to be the only guidance source which pushes a shallow stratus layer over portions of the MA and RI coastal plains. This layer has a base near 950 mb, and is forecast by the NAM to arrive toward daybreak. Low confidence in this outcome at this time with this outlier solution. Will need to monitor later runs of the HRRR and RAP before gaining enough confidence to go with a nearly overcast sky. Synoptically, the setup is favorable enough where the possibility cannot be dismissed out of hand. Guidance temperatures look reasonable, as it should not be an ideal radiational cooling night. Temperatures toward the south coast of MA and RI may be in error if the aforementioned stratus does indeed develop. Something to monitor overnight. && .SHORT TERM /6 AM SUNDAY MORNING THROUGH SUNDAY NIGHT/... Sunday... Low clouds mix out as warm air advection is ongoing. H925 warming to +14-16C as the boundary layer mixes, expect the mix down of faster momentum to the surface along with drier air. Winds likely gusting out of the W/SW around 20 to 25 mph. Given the W flow and abundant sunshine, thinking highs into the upper 60s to low 70s expanding E. Increasing clouds late with a chance of showers by evening over far W New England parent with falling heights and mid-level energy sweeping along with a surface cold front across the NE CONUS. Sunday night... A shortwave moves across the region in westerly flow aloft Sunday night. Decent elevated instability burst associated with the shortwave, as showalter indices drop to near or just below zero. Therefore, fairly confident that will see a period of scattered showers Sunday night, although areal coverage remains uncertain and activity may be more hit and miss. Given marginal elevated instability very low risk for an isolated t-storm or two, but potential appears too low to insert into the forecast at this time. Increasing low level moisture and clouds should hold overnight low temps mainly in the middle to upper 50s. Some patchy fog is also possible, especially near daybreak. && .LONG TERM /MONDAY THROUGH SATURDAY/... Highlights... * Unseasonably warm with near record high temps Tue/Wed * High uncertainty Fri/Sat...but a couple of chances for significant rain from a low forming in the western Atlantic and from a deepening upper level trough over the eastern states. Details... Monday... Skies should become partly sunny after any patchy fog burns off by mid morning. 850T around +11C coupled with a mild start should allow high temps to reach into the mid 70s in many locations. It may end up a bit cooler along portions of the immediate coast, as weak wind fields may allow localized sea breezes to develop. Can`t rule out an isolated shower...best chances in northern MA but depends on orientation of weak warm front that will be bisecting the area. Tuesday and Wednesday... * Potential for record high temperatures both Tue and Wed * Anomalous upper level ridge across the southeast U.S. extends into the Carolinas and pumps unseasonably warm air into southern New England. With a good amount of sunshine Tue, southwest to west flow, and 925 mb temperatures near +20C, surface temperatures are forecast to soar to the lower 80s across the interior and 70s along the immediate south coast as well as the tip of Cape Ann. Still expecting upper 70s to near 80 on Wednesday. Winds could become a bit gusty on Tuesday afternoon...to around 20 mph...as 30-35 kt southwest winds are forecast to be overhead at 850 mb. However minimum humidites are not expected to be low enough to produce fire weather concerns. On Wednesday...a mainly dry cold front is expected to move through the area from north to south, but there remains some uncertainty as to how far south it actually will go. The 12Z ECMWF halts the southward progress before it gets to our south coast due to strong ridging aloft over the southeast states. Have forecast a slight chance of showers near the front, mainly north of the Mass Pike on Wednesday. If the front does progress quickly southward...then temperatures could be cooler than forecast, especially in northeast MA. Thursday...A lot depends on the whereabouts of the quasi-stalled front. The ECMWF has it over southern New England while the GFS has more high pressure over us. In general...more cloudiness is expected with highs mainly 65 to 70...cooler at the coast with a likely northeast wind. Friday and Saturday... Forecast becomes very interesting but also very low confidence. There are two main issues and each has the potential to impact our region. The first issue is the development of an anomalously deep upper level trough over the eastern U.S., aided by a 130-140 kt jet at 250 mb diving southeastward on the west side of the digging trough. Several models are now cutting off an upper low over the southeastern states in the southern part of that trough. The second feature is the potential for a low pressure area to form somewhere in the subtropics, in the vicinity of the Bahamas or just northeast of there around midweek. All models have this. However, there are two model camps with this system. The UKMET and ECMWF are farthest to the east, with the UKMET closer to Bermuda and the ECMWF now shifting far enough west to give some rain to Nantucket. The GFS and Canadian models take the system westward into eastern North Carolina then northeastward across southern New England, producing heavy rain in the Friday/Friday night time frame. The ECMWF, GFS, and Canadian now all agree that this western Atlantic system approaches prior to any impacts from the dynamic upper level trough, which might be later Saturday or Saturday night. The possibility exists that this western Atlantic system, if it develops, could miss us to the southeast and the possibility also exists that the upper low over the southeast states could swing out to sea to our south with neither providing us any rain. However...current Canadian and GFS solutions are prolific with rain amounts for us. As you can see, there is very high uncertainty and model solutions are still several hundred miles apart. For now, have have opted to increase PoPs to likely in the Friday afternoon/night period and high chance PoPs for Saturday. Both days will be cooler with highs only in the upper 50s to mid 60s. && .AVIATION /21Z SATURDAY THROUGH THURSDAY/... Forecaster Confidence Levels. Low - less than 30 percent. Moderate - 30 to 60 percent. High - greater than 60 percent. Short Term /through Sunday Night/... Tonight and Sunday...High confidence VFR for most locations. Low confidence in possibility of low-end MVFR cigs developing mainly along and south of a line from KWST-KOQU-KEWB-KHYA-KCQX between 16/06Z to 16/18Z. Low risk for patchy MVFR in fog and low clouds also possible in the CT River valley late tonight. Winds gradually veer south across all of southern New England this evening. Will see increasing S flow as we go into Sunday ahead of a cold front. Increasing clouds, with the possibility of showers towards Sunday evening at W New England terminals. Gusts 20 to 25 kts possible Sunday. Sunday night...Low confidence. A period of MVFR-IFR conditions possible in a round of scattered showers and perhaps some low clouds/patchy fog. KBOS TAF...High confidence. VFR. KBDL TAF...High confidence. VFR. Outlook /Monday through Thursday/... Monday through Thursday...Moderate confidence in mainly VFR conditions. Isolated showers possible at times. Local MVFR in patchy late night fog, especially Monday night. && .MARINE... Forecaster Confidence Levels. Low - less than 30 percent. Moderate - 30 to 60 percent. High - greater than 60 percent. Short Term /through Sunday Night/...High confidence. Will allow the Small Craft Advisory for the outer coastal waters from east of Cape Cod to southeast of Nantucket to expire at 4 PM. Expecting seas to continue to diminish overnight. A cold front approaching the waters late Sunday will result in an increasing southwest flow. Expecting wind gusts up to 20 KT in the morning, to increase to around 25 KT during the afternoon. WSW wind gusts up to around 25 KT anticipated across portions of the open waters Sunday night until a cold front passes by. Thinking another round of Small Craft Advisories is in order. will start them toward mid morning across the eastern outer coastal water, with start times increasing to mid to late afternoon moving south and west along the coast. Dry weather and good visibility prevail through Sunday. Isolated to scattered showers possible Sunday night. Outlook /Monday through Thursday/... Monday...Moderate to high confidence. Winds diminish by early Monday morning although marginal 5 foot seas may linger southeast of Nantucket into Monday afternoon. Tuesday and Wednesday...Moderate confidence. Increasing SW flow with gusts to 25 kt at times along with building seas on the open waters, in part due to lingering swell from Nicole. Small craft advisories will likely be needed for most of our open waters. A frontal boundary is likely to pass south of the waters Wednesday or Wednesday night but may meander in the vicinity...so there could be variable wind conditions with north to northeast winds to the north of the front. Thursday...Moderate confidence. Winds and seas below small craft advisory levels. Most likely a light northeasterly wind, but could depend on the movement of the aforementioned frontal boundary. && .CLIMATE... Record High Temperatures: Tuesday: October 18th Wednesday: October 19th Boston 82 in 1947 Boston 84 in 1945 Worcester 85 in 1908 Worcester 81 in 1963 Providence 85 in 1908 Providence 81 in 1945 Hartford 80 in 1968 Hartford 82 in 1963 && .BOX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... CT...None. MA...None. RI...None. MARINE...Small Craft Advisory from 3 PM Sunday to 5 AM EDT Monday for ANZ232. Small Craft Advisory from 5 PM Sunday to 1 AM EDT Monday for ANZ233-235-237. Small Craft Advisory from 3 PM Sunday to 1 AM EDT Monday for ANZ231. Small Craft Advisory from 10 AM Sunday to 9 AM EDT Monday for ANZ250. Small Craft Advisory from 3 PM Sunday to 9 AM EDT Monday for ANZ254. Small Craft Advisory from 5 PM Sunday to 9 AM EDT Monday for ANZ255-256. && $$ SYNOPSIS...Belk/Field NEAR TERM...Belk SHORT TERM...Belk LONG TERM...Field AVIATION...Belk/Field MARINE...Belk/Field CLIMATE...Frank
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Dodge City KS
600 PM CDT Sat Oct 15 2016 ...Updated Aviation... .SHORT TERM...(This evening through Sunday) Issued at 338 PM CDT Sat Oct 15 2016 Main concern in the short term will be fog potential tonight. All the short term high res models show rather substantial area of 1/4 mile or less visibility in post-frontal light upslope flow. The front (although not really much of one, from a temperature gradient perspective) will stall out with the winds gaining some upslope component after dark. Lower 60s dewpoints in south central and central KS will pool along the boundary and even begin to slowly advect back to the northwest. Mostly clear sky and light upslope component winds with trapped, high quality low level moisture should lead to widespread development of fog as models suggest. The grids will carry "Areas of fog", but widespread dense fog will certainly be a possibility. The evening shift will need to monitor observation trends and hourly HRRR for guidance and further forecast adjustment. A dense fog advisory may be issued later if confidence increases. Going into Sunday, remnant fog and low level stratus will hang around through late morning, per WRF and NAM12 models. This will slow the warming potential up north, especially near Hays. SuperBlend guidance has a high of 88 at Hays, and this may be a bit optimistic, considering the aforementioned reasoning of low clouds first half of the day. South of the front, forecast still looks pretty good with widespread lower 90s forecast in classic downslope scenario. .LONG TERM...(Sunday night through Saturday) Issued at 338 PM CDT Sat Oct 15 2016 The hottest day looks to be Monday in this synoptic pattern. In fact, 850mb temperature from ECMWF would suggest surface temperatures reaching 94 to 96F for a good portion of southwest KS south of the Arkansas River, just ahead of an advancing Pacific cold front -- which is usually when the low level thermal ridge extends northeast immediately ahead of it. The mid 90s would smash daily records across our area. The hottest temperature recorded at Dodge City in the station history after October 15th is 94 degrees (October 17, 1926). There is a very real chance at tying or perhaps breaking that record. After Monday, it will be back to fall temperatures with a fresh Canadian airmass in place. The frontal passage will be a dry one, though as the main polar jet will still be to our north through. Another disturbance, though, quick on its heels will move in and this will bring a better chance for precipitation, although even that will be best farther north where the mid level frontogenetic zone will reside. Much cooler low level temperatures will come in behind the Wednesday/Thursday front, leading to increased freeze potential over portions of southwest and west central KS by Thursday and Friday morning. && .AVIATION...(For the 00Z TAFS through 00Z Sunday evening) Issued at 600 PM CDT Sat Oct 15 2016 High confidence in widespread fog formation tonight. Short term models agree on this scenario, as surface winds gain an upslope SE component and pool moisture along a residual frontal boundary. Highest confidence in dense fog is at/near HYS, but there is enough agreement and confidence to include a TEMPO group for 1/4 sm dense fog at DDC/GCK as well. Fog is most likely during the 09-13z Sun timeframe. By 15z Sunday, VFR returns quickly. Expect SW winds of 10-20 kts at DDC/GCK, with lighter winds at HYS. && .FIRE WEATHER... Issued at 337 AM CDT Sat Oct 15 2016 The Fire Weather Watch was upgraded to a Red Flag Warning along/west of Liberal to Garden City to Scott City for Sunday. The surface winds will be borderline, but with the relative humidity forecast to be down to around 10 percent over this area for a few hours. Mixing will be deep and feel there will at least be some off and on gusts to 25 mph to justify the Red Flag Warning. A larger area of Red Flag conditions will probably materialize on Monday with stronger winds in the 850-700mb layer. The thermal ridge will extend farther northeast as well, allowing the afternoon RH to fall down to critical areas as far east as perhaps a Kinsley to Coldwater line. && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... DDC 52 90 58 91 / 0 0 0 0 GCK 48 93 53 92 / 0 0 0 0 EHA 52 94 56 92 / 0 0 0 0 LBL 49 95 56 93 / 0 0 0 0 HYS 54 83 54 90 / 0 10 0 0 P28 61 89 62 93 / 0 10 0 0 && .DDC WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... Red Flag Warning from noon CDT /11 AM MDT/ to 7 PM CDT /6 PM MDT/ Sunday for KSZ043-061>063-074>076-084>086. Fire Weather Watch from Monday afternoon through Monday evening for KSZ043>045-061>064-074>078-080-084>089. && $$ SHORT TERM...Umscheid LONG TERM...Umscheid AVIATION...Turner FIRE WEATHER...Umscheid
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Grand Forks ND
241 PM CDT Sat Oct 15 2016 .SHORT TERM...(This evening) Issued at 241 PM CDT Sat Oct 15 2016 Minimal weather impacts this evening into Sunday morning as subsidence behind short in Manitoba and lower Pwats continue to erode clouds from west to east. Winds will decouple tonight and weak SFC ridging will slide across the FA. As a result a rather warm column, especially for mid october, will cool quickly and temps fall into the 30s north to 40s south under the clear skies. Some possible ground fog formation is a threat, especially across the north where HOPWRF members and a few HRRR runs are showing some lowered visibilities. .LONG TERM...(Sunday through Saturday) Issued at 241 PM CDT Sat Oct 15 2016 Another seasonably mild mid-October day is on tap for Sunday ahead of a pronounced shortwave trough that will eject northeastward along the international border Sunday Night. Strong 850 mb warm advection and increasing moisture transport will aid in the development of a band of showers across the area through the day Sunday into Sunday Night. Will maintain the highest chances over northwest Minnesota Sunday evening where PWATs are expected to rise to around an inch. Model soundings indicate up to 500-1000 J/kg of MUCAPE by Sunday afternoon/evening. The elevated instability combined with strong low/mid level warm advection and increasing forcing from the approaching upper wave suggests the potential for some thunder by Sunday afternoon/evening, especially east of the RRV. Not much of a cool down is expected behind this system for Monday, with highs remaining in the 60s over much of the region. A strong 300 mb zonal jet will progress into the central/northern plains Mon/Tue, with a few upper level impulses cascading through the flow, keeping some potential for some showers over the region, especially across the south. Otherwise, more substantial cooling will occur beginning Tuesday with persistent low-level cold advection as the upper flow becomes northwesterly. The coolest days will likely be during the mid-week period under surface high pressure before a gradual rebound in temps occurs by late week. Generally quiet weather is expected for much of the mid-late week time period. && .AVIATION...(For the 18Z TAFS through 18Z Sunday afternoon) Issued at 1209 PM CDT Sat Oct 15 2016 VFR with west winds becoming light overnight and then turning to the southeast Sunday morning. Possibility of fog in the north with HRRR/HOPWRF members showing some lower visibilities after midnight. No mention of fog at TAF sites for now. && .FGF WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... ND...None. MN...None. && $$ SHORT TERM...JK LONG TERM...Makowski AVIATION...JK
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Portland Oregon
340 PM PDT Sat Oct 15 2016 .SYNOPSIS...A complex low pres system off the washington coast will move toward the NW tip of the Olympic peninsula this evening. Unstable air behind the low will result in scattered thunderstorms. A couple of weaker troughs of low pressure Sunday through Monday night will keep the weather active into early next week. && .SHORT TERM...(Saturday through Monday)...Much more complex surface low along the coast than models had forecast. 18Z ASCAT satellite derived winds showed a dual low structure with a surface low off Astoria and another weaker low off newport. This was also seen in the water vapor imagery as 2 or 3 distinct areas of stratospheric intrusion in the dry slot of the system. This structure has stretched out the energy available to drive the system and has made the forecast even more difficult. As a result the main low is probably not as deep as expected. The southern low, or trough has weakens and the northern surface low will again become consolidated as it moves toward the north Washington coast late this afternoon. Buoy 29 surface pressure is rising now as the low moves north of Oregon and is off of Hoquiam at 2 PM. The winds will be decreasing along the central coast and central coast and the high wind warning has been cancelled. Also will cancel the wind advisory for the south Willamette valley. Along the north coast, the occlusion may wrap back around over the north Oregon and South Washington waters and in increase in winds late this afternoon but it is more likely that the winds will be on the decrease. We should be able to lower most warnings late this afternoon or early this evening. Some convection is beginning to develop over the waters behind the main low. The Langley Hill radar has shown the low level jet of 95 KT has dissipated and the winds are more mixed with height at around 65 KT. Some of these winds could mix down to the surface late this afternoon and evening in these convective showers. As the shear environment increases into the evening we could see some stronger convection develop. The HRRR shows convection developing along the North Oregon coast during the evening and moving inland. Conditions will probably not be quite as unstable as on Friday. While there will remain a possibility of waterspouts or even a low level coastal tornado during the evening the treat of this for any one location will remain very small. Stronger thunderstorm wind gusts will be more of a possibility as the storms mix the higher momentum air to the surface. Showers activity will continue tonight over most of the area and some of these showers will be heavy. A weak upper ridge will moved quickly across the early Sunday morning and then another trough will pass over the area Sunday afternoon and night. Another disturbance is forecast to approach the coast Monday morning. The result will be that our area will continue to remain in a wet pattern through the early part of the week. Schneider .LONG TERM...(Tuesday night through Saturday)... Looks like we will get a brief break on Wed as a weak ridge of high pressure transits the region. Another front moves into western WA Thurs, then weakens as it slips southward across northwest Oregon Thurs night and Fri. GFS and ECMWF fairly similar with Saturday looking fairly dry . tw && .AVIATION...Primarily VFR conditions across the area this afternoon with strong, gusty south winds. Had a few reports earlier today of low-level wind shear from pilots landing at KHIO. Expect strong gusty south winds through 02z-03z with gusts in the 35 to 40 kt range inland and 50 kt along the coast. KPDX AND APPROACHES...Expect mainly VFR conditions through the remainder of afternoon and evening. Strong south wind gusts of 35 to 40 kts expected through 00z-02z, then decrease to around 25 kts. tw && .MARINE...A strong low pressure system is moving quickly up the coast today. The low center appears to be just west of Grays Harbor as of 2 PM, with a central pressure of around 975 mb. The low may strengthen a bit more as it lifts further north, but will weaken quickly as it moves onshore near Cape Flattery this evening. This system is bringing very gusty southerly winds to the coastal waters. A Hurricane Force Wind Warning remains in effect for PZZ250/PZZ270, and current observations seem to be supporting this warning at least over the nearshore waters where a coastal jet is enhancing wind speeds. The winds have dropped off somewhat over the central OR waters as the low has lifted north, and based on the latest observations have decided to downgrade to a Gale Warning through the 8 PM this evening. The northern waters will drop to gale force winds later this evening as well. Seas have increased quickly this afternoon in response to the strong winds. Buoys 46029 and 46050 both sit above 20 ft as of 2 PM. Expect that seas will eventually peak at 23 to 26 ft over the central waters later this afternoon, and 26 to 30 ft over the northern waters by early evening. Will hold on to the high surf warning through this evening. Most of the wave energy is short- period out of the SSW, so the most impacts can be expected on the more south-facing beaches. Given that seas are primarily wind wave and fresh swell driven, they will drop off reasonably quickly tonight after the stronger winds have subsided. Think that we will drop below 20 ft over the central waters early this evening, the by late evening over the northern waters. Winds and seas will gradually subside overnight. However, a trailing surface trough is fcst to move into the waters Sun morning. This may bring another round of low-end gale force southerly winds for a period. This may also keep seas in the mid teens during the morning as well. Then expect small craft advisory winds Sun afternoon and evening, with seas dropping into the low teens. Conditions become notably more quiet next week as higher pressure builds over the waters. Pyle && .PQR WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... OR...High Wind Warning until 9 PM PDT this evening for Central Willamette Valley-Greater Portland Metro Area-Northern Oregon Cascade Foothills. High Wind Warning until midnight PDT tonight for Coast Range of Northwest Oregon-Lower Columbia-North Oregon Coast. High Surf Warning until 10 PM PDT this evening for Central Oregon Coast-North Oregon Coast. WA...High Wind Warning until 9 PM PDT this evening for Greater Vancouver Area. High Wind Warning until midnight PDT tonight for I-5 Corridor in Cowlitz County-South Washington Cascade Foothills-South Washington Coast-Willapa Hills. High Surf Warning until 10 PM PDT this evening for South Washington Coast. PZ...Hurricane Force Wind Warning until 8 PM PDT this evening for Coastal Waters from Cape Shoalwater WA to Cascade Head OR out 60 nm. Gale Warning until 8 PM PDT this evening for Coastal Waters from Cascade Head OR to Florence OR out 60 nm. Small Craft Advisory for Rough Columbia River Bar until 5 AM PDT Sunday. && $$ Interact with us via social media: www.facebook.com/NWSPortland www.twitter.com/NWSPortland This discussion is for Northwest Oregon and Southwest Washington from the Cascade crest to 60 nautical miles offshore. The area is commonly referred to as the forecast area.
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Sacramento CA
330 PM PDT Sat Oct 15 2016 SYNOPSIS... Additional Pacific storms will move through over the weekend into Monday bringing periods of rain...heavy at times, gusty wind, and high mountain snow. Drier weather expected midweek with warming temperatures. && .DISCUSSION... Next Pacific frontal system is pushing inland across northwestern portions of Interior Northern California this afternoon. 88D showing widespread precipitation extending from Shasta to Lake county. Front is moving around 30 to 40 kts and should push through the CWA fairly quickly this evening with precip turning showery behind it. Some instability showers showing up ahead of main baroclinic zone over the Motherlode extending into the West Slopes. This in the general area where HRRR is showing increased afternoon CAPE. Precipitation amounts with front look somewhat limited in the Central Valley due to rain shadowing off the Coastal mountains in cross barrier flow. Main bulk of precipitation is expected over the foothills and mountains. Low level strong southerly flow will provide orographic enhancement into the Shasta mountains and moist mid level orographic flow will increase precipitation amounts over the Western Plumas mountains and Sierra Nevada. Precipitation amounts in these areas could range from 1 to 3 inches through Sunday morning. Snow levels are expected to remain above pass levels through early Sunday. Pressure gradients are continuing to tighten ahead of the front and wind speeds have reached or are nearing advisory criteria in the Sacramento Valley. Have expanded the advisory to include the Southern Sacramento Valley, Delta, and Northern San Joaquin Valleys. Strongest winds expected ahead and along the front with winds decreasing with fropa later this evening. Additional waves are forecast to track across Interior NorCal Sunday into Sunday night keeping showers and isolated thunderstorms in the forecast. Best instability depicted Sunday afternoon into early evening. Highest CAPE values depicted over the Northern and Central Sacramento Valley in the afternoon, shifting southward into the Southern Sacramento Valley and Motherlode by early evening. Bufkit hodographs continue to show significant 0-1 KM and 0-6 KM shear values tomorrow afternoon to support rotating updrafts and mesocyclones. Snow levels will generally remain above pass levels during the day tomorrow but could drop to around 7000-7500 feet in heavier showers. Snow levels then lower Sunday night into Monday. Light snow accumulations are possible at the major pass levels, including Donner Pass on I80 and Echo Summit on Highway 50 Sunday night into Monday. Lassen Park and higher elevations passes such as Carson Pass, Ebbetts Pass and Sonora Pass could receive more significant amounts of snow impacting travel, especially later Sunday. If significant precipitation continues Sunday night into early Monday, dropping snow levels (~6500 feet) could bring the possibility of travel impacts to the major passes. Will continue to monitor to see if a Winter Weather Advisory for early season snow is warranted. GEFS/GFS showing integrated water vapor transport decreasing over Interior NorCal Monday with models indicating main threat of light showers confined to the foothills and mountains. Heights increase offshore Tuesday and build inland decreasing threat of precip to just a slight chance over the Shasta mountains. AMS begins to warm Tuesday under increasing subsidence. PCH && .EXTENDED DISCUSSION (Wednesday THROUGH Saturday) High pressure will build over the west coast on Wednesday pushing valley temperatures into the mid 70s which is just a couple of degree below average for this time of year. During this transition to a warmer airmass, surface pressure gradients will tighten on Wednesday which could create some breezy north winds on the west side of the valley. A few more degrees of warming are expected Thursday/Friday with valley temperatures nearing 80 by the end of the week. Over the weekend, the ridge axis shifts to our east although any precipitation will still be well to our north. Wilson && .AVIATION... Periods of MVFR/IRF ceilings are expected as rain moves across the valley this afternoon/evening. The strong southerly winds currently associated with this system will weaken behind the front this evening. MVFR and isolated IFR conditions can be expected tonight with the abundant amount of moisture lingering in the valley. South winds will once again pick up Sunday morning/afternoon as another wave moves through. Isolated thunderstorms possible in the northern and eastern sides of the valley tomorrow. Wilson && .STO WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... Wind Advisory until 11 PM PDT this evening for Burney Basin / Eastern Shasta County-Carquinez Strait and Delta-Central Sacramento Valley-Clear Lake/Southern Lake County-Mountains Southwestern Shasta County to Northern Lake County-Northeast Foothills/Sacramento Valley-Northern Sacramento Valley-Northern San Joaquin Valley-Shasta Lake Area / Northern Shasta County- Southern Sacramento Valley-West Slope Northern Sierra Nevada- Western Plumas County/Lassen Park. && $$