Forecast Discussions mentioning any of "HRRR" "RAP" "RR" "RUC13" "RUC" received at GSD on 07/08/16

Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Little Rock AR
711 PM CDT THU JUL 7 2016

.AVIATION...08/00z Taf Cycle

Look for VFR conds to cont thru much of pd. Sct-bkn low clouds wl
again dvlp toward sunrise Fri...mainly acrs CNTRL and SRN AR...
resulting in ocnl MVFR cigs. Hi-Res model data conts to suggest a
complex of storms forming forming later tngt acrs SRN KS...
eventually working SEWD into parts of NW AR Fri mrng. Included
PROB30 groups at KHRO and KBPK to account for any storms that may
form along residual small scale bndry`s later in the day. /44/
&&

.PREV DISCUSSION...(ISSUED 252 PM CDT THU JUL 7 2016)

DISCUSSION...

Main concerns in this forecast cycle are chances of convection
each day, and if any would be strong to severe storm. Also due to
heat and humidity, heat advisories may be needed.

Earlier convection over northern AR associated with MCV moved
through southern MO and is now well east. It did develop isolated
convection to as far south as central AR. Also, the convection was
associated with short wave energy moving through the northwest
upper flow. Breezy south to southwest winds of 10 to 20 with gusts
to 25 mph across AR have been seen today, but have overall
remained below lake wind advisory levels. Temperatures have made
it to the 90s today over central to southern AR, while 70s to 80s
over the convection areas of northern AR. Heat index values have
reached from 100 to around 105 degrees over most locations.

SHORT TERM...Today Through Friday Night

Forecast will start with a chance to slight chance of late
afternoon to evening convection over northern to central AR. After
sunset, all convection is expected to weaken and dissipate. Late
tonight, a frontal boundary is forecast to sag southeastward
toward AR, and chances of convection come back in the forecast for
mainly northern areas Friday, then the northern half on Saturday.
Also at this time, due to in-place moisture and instability,
along with some lift, SPC has issued a marginal to slight risk of
severe storms for the northern half of AR. Damaging winds and
large hail will be the primary threats. Temperatures on Friday
will be similar to Thursday, but heat index values are only around
105 in spots. At this time will hold off on any advisory for
Friday. Likewise, surface wind speeds will remain elevated on
Friday, but as the front sags south, gradient will be not as
likely to reach lake wind advisory levels.

LONG TERM...Saturday Through Thursday

Saturday and Sunday...

Model guidance is consistent in indicating that a weak shortwave
trough will move southeast towards Arkansas on Saturday...spreading
weak large scale forcing for ascent over southern Missouri and
northern Arkansas Saturday afternoon. In addition to supplying some
weak large scale ascent...this trough is likely to force the
persistent baroclinic zone/nearly stationary front currently located
near a Kansas City to Paducah line to the southwest towards northern
Arkansas.

Forecast guidance indicates that a ridge of low-level theta-e will
consolidate along this stationary front as it will effectively act
like a deformation zone in the low-level flow field with the axis of
convective enhancement oriented along the axis of the frontal
boundary. This flow field configuration should keep a steady
supply of warm and humid air flowing into this theta-e ridge
throughout the day on Saturday...setting the stage for a favorable
corridor for scattered to numerous thunderstorms from Saturday
through Saturday evening.

This corridor of storms is likely to remain focused along the
Missouri/Arkansas border...however the more storms that develop
along the boundary...the higher the potential for the boundary to sag
farther south on Saturday. Went ahead with 40-60 POPS from northern
to central Arkansas on Saturday to account for this set up. This
type of environment supports a threat for flash flooding...however
at this time the forcing looks a bit to weak to consider a flash
flood watch. Will watch the evolution of this environment closely in
the coming days.

The largest source of uncertainty for this forecast period is what
will happen to the shortwave trough on Sunday into Sunday night.
Forecast model guidance indicates that the upper trough will
intensify (depending on where you look) and almost become a cut off
low by Sunday afternoon over the MO/AR border. The intensification
of this trough may not take place though the strength of this trough
appears to be dependent upon diabatic contributions which convective
parameterizing models can struggle with when the primary diabatic
contributer is latent heat release from convection. Taking a
vertical cross section through the model depiction of the cut off
low reveals a potential vorticity distribution characterized by a
sudden intensification in mid-level PV and a sudden decrease in PV
at the tropopause level. This signal is a classic depiction of the
creation/destruction cycle of PV associated with latent heat release
in the troposphere. It is certainly possible that the models are
right with this forecast...but this process essentially means that a
large and sustained cluster of convection is responsible for
intensifying the "upper" trough. If that convection is misplaced or
weaker than expected it will have a dramatic effect on the remainder
of the forecast as the upper level trough will actually be much
farther downstream.

Because the boundary is expected to remain quasi-stationary on
Sunday...favored the GFS forecast for an intensifying mid-level PV
anomaly/trough with this forecast and kept POPs high across northern
and central Arkansas on Sunday. Keep in mind that if convection is
not as extensive or long-lived on Saturday that the Sunday
convection will likely be displaced pretty far off to the southeast
on Sunday. At any rate...the NAM/GFS/ECMWF all offer up a similar
type of dynamic solution this weekend...with slight differences in
timing and intensity of course. Assuming these models are
accurate...another round of scattered to numerous showers and
thunderstorms are likely across central and northern Arkansas Sunday
into Sunday night.

Monday through Thursday...

With quite a bit of uncertainty in the forecast just this weekend...
the forecast for showers and thunderstorms across Arkansas on Monday
is fairly low at this time. The shortwave trough/mid-level PV
anomaly should have moved east or southeast of Arkansas by
Monday...so anticipate that the coverage of any showers or storms
will be much lower on Monday compared to this weekend. If the
boundary remains in tact this feature by itself could set off a
focused area of showers and storms Monday afternoon. Kept POPs in
the 20 to 30 percent range for now on Monday with highest confidence
in the upper trough being off to the east limiting the coverage of
precipitation.

The remainder of the week looks to remain warm with low rain chances
each day. Kept POPs in the 10 to 20 percent range each day for now
with no synoptic features evident in the forecast near Arkansas for
the middle of next week.
&&

.LZK Watches/Warnings/Advisories...
Heat Advisory until 8 PM CDT this evening FOR Arkansas-Bradley-
Calhoun-Clark-Cleburne-Cleveland-Conway-Dallas-Desha-Drew-
Faulkner-Garland-Grant-Hot Spring-Independence-Jackson-Jefferson-
Johnson-Lincoln-Logan-Lonoke-Monroe-Montgomery-Ouachita-Perry-
Pike-Polk-Pope-Prairie-Pulaski-Saline-Scott-Van Buren-White-
Woodruff-Yell.
&&

$$



Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Little Rock AR 252 PM CDT THU JUL 7 2016 .DISCUSSION... Main concerns in this forecast cycle are chances of convection each day, and if any would be strong to severe storm. Also due to heat and humidity, heat advisories may be needed. Earlier convection over northern AR associated with MCV moved through southern MO and is now well east. It did develop isolated convection to as far south as central AR. Also, the convection was associated with short wave energy moving through the northwest upper flow. Breezy south to southwest winds of 10 to 20 with gusts to 25 mph across AR have been seen today, but have overall remained below lake wind advisory levels. Temperatures have made it to the 90s today over central to southern AR, while 70s to 80s over the convection areas of northern AR. Heat index values have reached from 100 to around 105 degrees over most locations. && .SHORT TERM...Today Through Friday Night Forecast will start with a chance to slight chance of late afternoon to evening convection over northern to central AR. After sunset, all convection is expected to weaken and dissipate. Late tonight, a frontal boundary is forecast to sag southeastward toward AR, and chances of convection come back in the forecast for mainly northern areas Friday, then the northern half on Saturday. Also at this time, due to in-place moisture and instability, along with some lift, SPC has issued a marginal to slight risk of severe storms for the northern half of AR. Damaging winds and large hail will be the primary threats. Temperatures on Friday will be similar to Thursday, but heat index values are only around 105 in spots. At this time will hold off on any advisory for Friday. Likewise, surface wind speeds will remain elevated on Friday, but as the front sags south, gradient will be not as likely to reach lake wind advisory levels. && .LONG TERM...Saturday Through Thursday Saturday and Sunday... Model guidance is consistent in indicating that a weak shortwave trough will move southeast towards Arkansas on Saturday...spreading weak large scale forcing for ascent over southern Missouri and northern Arkansas Saturday afternoon. In addition to supplying some weak large scale ascent...this trough is likely to force the persistent baroclinic zone/nearly stationary front currently located near a Kansas City to Paducah line to the southwest towards northern Arkansas. Forecast guidance indicates that a ridge of low-level theta-e will consolidate along this stationary front as it will effectively act like a deformation zone in the low-level flow field with the axis of convective enhancement oriented along the axis of the frontal boundary. This flow field configuration should keep a steady supply of warm and humid air flowing into this theta-e ridge throughout the day on Saturday...setting the stage for a favorable corridor for scattered to numerous thunderstorms from Saturday through Saturday evening. This corridor of storms is likely to remain focused along the Missouri/Arkansas border...however the more storms that develop along the boundary...the higher the potential for the boundary to sag farther south on Saturday. Went ahead with 40-60 POPS from northern to central Arkansas on Saturday to account for this set up. This type of environment supports a threat for flash flooding...however at this time the forcing looks a bit to weak to consider a flash flood watch. Will watch the evolution of this environment closely in the coming days. The largest source of uncertainty for this forecast period is what will happen to the shortwave trough on Sunday into Sunday night. Forecast model guidance indicates that the upper trough will intensify (depending on where you look) and almost become a cut off low by Sunday afternoon over the MO/AR border. The intensification of this trough may not take place though the strength of this trough appears to be dependent upon diabatic contributions which convective parameterizing models can struggle with when the primary diabatic contributer is latent heat release from convection. Taking a vertical cross section through the model depiction of the cut off low reveals a potential vorticity distribution characterized by a sudden intensification in mid-level PV and a sudden decrease in PV at the tropopause level. This signal is a classic depiction of the creation/destruction cycle of PV associated with latent heat release in the troposphere. It is certainly possible that the models are right with this forecast...but this process essentially means that a large and sustained cluster of convection is responsible for intensifying the "upper" trough. If that convection is misplaced or weaker than expected it will have a dramatic effect on the remainder of the forecast as the upper level trough will actually be much farther downstream. Because the boundary is expected to remain quasi-stationary on Sunday...favored the GFS forecast for an intensifying mid-level PV anomaly/trough with this forecast and kept POPs high across northern and central Arkansas on Sunday. Keep in mind that if convection is not as extensive or long-lived on Saturday that the Sunday convection will likely be displaced pretty far off to the southeast on Sunday. At any rate...the NAM/GFS/ECMWF all offer up a similar type of dynamic solution this weekend...with slight differences in timing and intensity of course. Assuming these models are accurate...another round of scattered to numerous showers and thunderstorms are likely across central and northern Arkansas Sunday into Sunday night. Monday through Thursday... With quite a bit of uncertainty in the forecast just this weekend... the forecast for showers and thunderstorms across Arkansas on Monday is fairly low at this time. The shortwave trough/mid-level PV anomaly should have moved east or southeast of Arkansas by Monday...so anticipate that the coverage of any showers or storms will be much lower on Monday compared to this weekend. If the boundary remains in tact this feature by itself could set off a focused area of showers and storms Monday afternoon. Kept POPs in the 20 to 30 percent range for now on Monday with highest confidence in the upper trough being off to the east limiting the coverage of precipitation. The remainder of the week looks to remain warm with low rain chances each day. Kept POPs in the 10 to 20 percent range each day for now with no synoptic features evident in the forecast near Arkansas for the middle of next week. && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... Batesville AR 95 78 94 75 / 40 30 40 30 Camden AR 97 77 96 78 / 20 20 10 20 Harrison AR 93 76 90 72 / 50 20 50 50 Hot Springs AR 96 79 95 77 / 20 20 20 30 Little Rock AR 96 78 96 78 / 20 20 20 30 Monticello AR 96 78 96 79 / 20 20 10 20 Mount Ida AR 95 78 93 75 / 20 20 20 30 Mountain Home AR 95 76 91 73 / 60 30 50 50 Newport AR 95 78 95 76 / 40 30 40 30 Pine Bluff AR 96 77 94 78 / 20 20 20 20 Russellville AR 98 77 94 76 / 30 20 20 40 Searcy AR 96 77 95 76 / 30 20 20 30 Stuttgart AR 96 77 95 78 / 20 20 20 20 && .LZK Watches/Warnings/Advisories... Heat Advisory until 8 PM CDT this evening FOR Arkansas-Bradley- Calhoun-Clark-Cleburne-Cleveland-Conway-Dallas-Desha-Drew- Faulkner-Garland-Grant-Hot Spring-Independence-Jackson-Jefferson- Johnson-Lincoln-Logan-Lonoke-Monroe-Montgomery-Ouachita-Perry- Pike-Polk-Pope-Prairie-Pulaski-Saline-Scott-Van Buren-White- Woodruff-Yell. && $$ Short Term...59 / Long Term...66
Area Forecast Discussion...Updated for Aviation National Weather Service Little Rock AR 1215 PM CDT THU JUL 7 2016 .AVIATION... Overall VFR flight conditions are expected. Patchy MVFR may be seen especially associated with showers or isolated thunderstorms. Winds are expected to be southeast to southwest at 10 to 20 mph with some gusts to around 25 mph in spots. After sunset, winds will lower to 5 to 15 mph. Tonight, isolated convection may be seen over northern Arkansas and affect KHRO and KBPK Tafs. Winds will lower to mainly below 10 mph. (59) && .Prev Discussion.../ Issued 1000 AM CDT THU JUL 7 2016 Earlier update to add scattered convection over northern AR. Complex over MO has helped develop this convection associated with short wave energy moving through the northwest upper flow. Breezy south to southwest winds of 10 to 20 with gusts to 25 mph across AR. Will monitor for possible lake wind advisory. Otherwise, temperatures will warm to the 90s today, and with the added humidity, heat index values will reach around 105 degrees. A heat advisory is in effect for most of AR except the northern areas. Late morning update will fine tune convection chances, possibly adding a bit more southern areas in slight chance area. (59) && .PREV DISCUSSION...(ISSUED 358 AM CDT THU JUL 7 2016 SHORT TERM...Today Through Friday Night Similar setup to yesterday across the region with surface high pressure in place to the southeast and low pressure noted across the Southern Plains. Two MCS`s noted across the region with the first impacting Tennessee/Kentucky and the second moving out of SE Nebraska into northeastern Kansas. Should see fewer impacts to the forecast area from upstream MCS in Kansas due to more northerly location and easterly trajectory. Early morning HRRR runs attempt to initiate some shower and thunderstorm activity across E Oklahoma with a weak shortwave in the mean flow and shift this activity toward Arkansas throughout the day. No activity has manifested itself as of 09z so will keep forecast dry attm though wouldn`t be surprised to see at least a few isolated showers develop. SW flow at the surface will be in place again today and winds will be enhanced due to increased pressure gradient. Wind speeds will likely be aoa 12-18mph with gusts as high as 25mph at times. The other notable mention of the day goes to heat index values across the state. With dewpoints in the 70s and temps cranking into the mid to upper 90s, another run at heat index values of 105 will be made this afternoon. Rain chances will be in place across mainly northern Arkansas on Friday as a surface boundary approaches from the NW. Additionally, the H500 pattern begins to show signs of transitioning to more of an active period with more of a NW flow expected. Will have to keep an eye on temps/heat indices Friday as heat indices could approach heat advisory levels once again across the southern half of the state. Could see chances for a more notable thunderstorm complex approaching the state from the northwest late Friday night. LONG TERM...Saturday Through Wednesday As a ridge of high pressure weakens over the southeast United States, a cold front will be allowed to drop through the Ohio and Tennessee Valleys during the upcoming weekend. The front may actually make it into northeast Arkansas. Isolated to scattered showers and thunderstorms are in the forecast. Given more clouds, it will be slightly cooler. A few storms may be severe as the front nears the region. Damaging winds and hail will be the main concerns. An organized severe weather event is not expected at this point. Heavy downpours in the northeast half of the state may result in localized flash flooding. Heading into early next week, a big trough of low pressure will be noted out west. This will cause ridging farther east, and the front will be forced to move away from Arkansas to the north. The heat will return, and precipitation chances will decrease. Temperatures will be near to a little above average for much of the period. Readings may be a touch below average toward the Missouri border this weekend near the aforementioned front. && .LZK Watches/Warnings/Advisories... Heat Advisory from 10 AM this morning to 8 PM CDT this evening FOR Arkansas-Bradley-Calhoun-Clark-Cleburne-Cleveland-Conway- Dallas-Desha-Drew-Faulkner-Garland-Grant-Hot Spring-Independence- Jackson-Jefferson-Johnson-Lincoln-Logan-Lonoke-Monroe-Montgomery- Ouachita-Perry-Pike-Polk-Pope-Prairie-Pulaski-Saline-Scott-Van Buren-White-Woodruff-Yell. && $$ Aviation...226
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
National Weather Service Northern Indiana
830 PM EDT THU JUL 7 2016 .SYNOPSIS... Issued at 355 PM EDT Thu Jul 7 2016 There is a chance of showers and thunderstorms into tonight. Otherwise hot and humid conditions will continue into Friday in advance of a cold front. Some storms are possible Friday, mainly across far northeast Indiana and northwest Ohio. Dry, cooler, and less humid conditions are then expected for the weekend. Low temperatures tonight will be in the lower 70s. High temperatures Friday will range from 85 to 90. && .SHORT TERM...(This Evening through Friday) Issued at 352 PM EDT Thu Jul 7 2016 An upper level system was over Illinois and was moving into Indiana this afternoon. Early morning fog and low clouds had stabilized the area this morning over central Indiana, although northern Indiana was able to destabilized under mostly sunny skies into this afternoon. A large storm complex had developed over western Tennessee and western Kentucky this afternoon where CAPE values had risen above 3000 J/kg. To the north of this area, convection was extremely limited through 330 pm EDT, although some showers had managed to form near Ft Wayne where CAPE values had risen above 1500. Not overly optimistic about storm chances tonight given subsidence behind the first wave. However, an upper level jet and sufficient moisture should be adequate for scattered storms overnight as the next wave approaches. The storm prediction center has expanded the slight risk for severe storms Friday across all of Ohio and most of Indiana and Lower Michigan. The extent of severe weather chances Friday will depend greatly upon the development and extent of convection tonight and location of outflow boundaries Friday morning && .LONG TERM...(Friday Night through Thursday) Issued at 352 PM EDT Thu Jul 7 2016 Cooler and drier air will be spreading across the area Friday night behind the cool front. A ridge of high pressure will build into the area this weekend bringing more comfortable conditions with less humidity. Warmer and more humid conditions will return early next week as the return flow of moisture begins and as disturbances move across the northern CONUS in high zonal flow aloft. Kept a slight chance for a thunderstorm Tuesday, and then a better chance Wednesday and Thursday. && .AVIATION...(For the 00Z TAFS through 00Z Friday Evening) Issued at 829 PM EDT Thu Jul 7 2016 Uncertain nr term stemming fm poor/wavering shrt term guidance. Broad view shows compact/intact mcv ovr sw Chicago fm earlier decayed mcs. Recent new dvlpmnt extends south of the ftr within fvrbl instability wedge which also extends ewd into wrn OH. Upstream bkn line of elevated convn has struggled this aftn likely owing to warm mid lvl temps and poor mid lvl lapse rates but uptick in storms nr KRZL suggests that cells have now rooted into the more unstable bndry lyr and portents at least some ewd organization psbl this evening. Will cont to monitor. Otrws beyond nr term pd...fog/stratus likely to redvlp in wake of this sys overnight as moist bndry lyr persists and augmented to some degree by addnl rain through this evening. Good consensus signal to introduce an IFR mention at least. && .IWX Watches/Warnings/Advisories... IN...NONE. MI...NONE. OH...NONE. LM...NONE. && $$ SYNOPSIS...Skipper SHORT TERM...Skipper LONG TERM...Skipper AVIATION...T Visit us at www.weather.gov/iwx Follow us on Facebook...Twitter...and YouTube at: www.facebook.com/NWSNorthernIndiana www.twitter.com/nwsiwx www.youtube.com/NWSNorthernIndiana
Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Indianapolis IN 732 PM EDT THU JUL 7 2016 .UPDATE... The AVIATION Section has been updated below. && .SYNOPSIS... Issued at 204 PM EDT Thu Jul 7 2016 A frontal boundary lingering over south Indiana will remain the focus for precipitation the in the next 24 hours as an upper level weather disturbance passes across Indiana. This in combination with the the very warm and humid air mass in place across Indiana should result in chances for showers and thunderstorm Tonight and on Friday. Cooler and less humid air will arrive in central Indiana on friday afternoon and evening as a cool front passes across the state. High pressure is then expected to sag south from Canada into the Ohio Valley for the weekend...providing dry and less humid weather. Chances for storms will return by Tuesday and Wednesday as a frontal boundary moves into the area. && .NEAR TERM /Tonight/... Issued at 204 PM EDT Thu Jul 7 2016 Radar Trends early this afternoon show a convective cluster over eastern Illinois rapidly diminishing as it make slow progress eastward. IR shows Cloud tops continuing to warm...typical diurnal trend with weakening MCS`s. Cirrus blow off shield from the dying MCS was spreading across central Indiana...inhibiting heating and holding temps in the mid 70s. Warm and humid air mass still remains in place ahead of the system...with dew points in the 70s across Indiana. Models tonight suggest best shear and instability to remain across far southwest Indiana and western Kentucky. Rapid refresh suggests development across the southwest parts of the stats through Early evening...while another cluster pushes across central Indiana near 00z. Confidence in this is low as cloud cover is preventing heating and instability. After this wave departs this evening...once again best forcing appears lost while the very warm and humid air mass remains. Thus any afternoon heating...a redevelopment cannot be ruled out...but as clouds linger...chances for storms continue to diminish. Thus will include nearly 50 pops through the early evening to account for any pop up storms that could develop due to potential heating. Will then trend pops lower overnight as no forcing mechanism remains. && .SHORT TERM /Friday through Sunday/... Issued at 204 PM EDT Thu Jul 7 2016 On Friday the GFS and NAm suggest and upper short wave pushing through the Great Lakes and dragging an associated cool front across Indiana during the afternoon hours. With the expected very warm and moist air mass in place and this forcing available...expect afternoon showers and storms to develop along and ahead of the front. Thus will trend pops on Friday higher than MAVMOS. Given the very warm 850mb temps and warm air advection ahead of the front...along with more sunshine expected...will trend highs warmer than guidance at most spots. Dry air and subsidence is expected to build in the wake of the front on Friday night and into Saturday. By Friday night forecast soundings suggest a dry column and best moisture departs near 00z. May need to include some evening pops across the eastern parts of the forecast area for the first few hours of the evening to account for any lingering convection along and near the front. A blend on Friday night lows for the changing air mass should work nicely. GFS and Nam then suggest high pressure settling over the region for Saturday and Sunday...providing northerly winds along with cooler temps and lower humidity. Forecast soundings remain dry during that period with mid level capping and unattainable convective temperatures. Thus will trend toward mostly sunny days and mostly clear nights. A blend of temps will suffice. && .LONG TERM /Sunday Night through Wednesday Night/... Issued at 231 PM EDT Thu Jul 7 2016 Ridging over the Midwest early in the period will result in dry conditions for Sunday night and across most of central Indiana on Monday. The exception will be across the southern portions of the forecast area on Monday evening as a warm front approaches from the southwest. This front is in association with a low pressure system tracking across Canada. This system will be responsible for unsettled weather through mid-week as it tracks eastward. As a result, latest Superblend initialization is trending toward low pops from Tuesday through Wednesday night. Temperatures through the period will be at or above normal with highs in the mid 80s to low 90s and overnight lows in the mid 60s to low 70s. && .AVIATION /Discussion for 080000Z TAF issuance/... Issued at 722 PM EDT Thu Jul 7 2016 Low confidence forecast tonight for the taf sites. Convection currently over northeast Illinois/northwest Indiana progged by some hi res output to move southeast into KLAF and KIND over the next few hours. However the extent of the activity has been overforecast by these same models for several hours. Since current placement of echoes looks pretty good, just overdone in the HRRR, will go ahead and include VCTS at KLAF through 2z with a tempo in for tsra there. At KIND will go with timing of HRRR and include VCTS 2-5z, which is likely longer than it would be needed if it does come to fruition. At KBMG included a VCSH as the line may not get that far south but even if it does could run out of instability before then. For all these sites, MOS guidance and SREFs suggest some MVFR visibilities during the overnight and given dew points over 70 degrees thought this was reasonable. With the warm front and surface low staying north of the area don`t expect visibilities to drop lower than that. For Friday, more convection is possible. Included a VCSH for KIND and KBMG after 21z but confidence is still pretty low. Light southerly winds tonight will shift to westerly 5-12 kts late Friday morning into Friday afternoon. && .IND Watches/Warnings/Advisories... NONE. && $$ SYNOPSIS...PUMA NEAR TERM...PUMA SHORT TERM...PUMA LONG TERM....TDUD AVIATION...CP
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
National Weather Service Topeka KS
331 PM CDT WED JUL 6 2016 .SHORT TERM...(This Evening through Thursday) Issued at 328 PM CDT WED JUL 6 2016 Effects of northeast and southern KS convection this morning has left airmass over the forecast area drier and not as hot as previously forecast. Thus, have struggled to have HI values approach 100 degrees across most of the area and have cancelled Heat Advisory. Main questions for the forecast for tonight and Thursday are: What will be the mechanism for potential thunderstorms affecting us tonight and Thursday, and whether temps and dewpoints will reach high enough to meet heat index criteria Thursday afternoon? For the latter question, currently forecasting temps in the mid 90s in the north and east with upper 90s possible over portions of central KS. Dewpoints are forecast to range from the lower to possibly middle 70s in the east, while upper 60s to near 70 is more realistic over central KS. This would lead to max HI values from 100 to 105 nearing advisory criteria. However, there is enough uncertainty in reaching these values if we have our airmass once again modified by convective outflows and some cloudiness from overnight/morning thunderstorms near our area. Thus, have not issued an advisory for Thursday and will let midnight forecast crew decide on that as potential convective effects become less uncertain. Water vapor loop shows a weak shortwave trough over extreme western KS, and possibly another one to the northwest in northern CO. Most short and medium range models do not develop persistent convection with these features. However a few runs of the HRRR and experimental HRRR have been developing a cluster of storms over eastern CO or southwest KS and bringing the associated convection across eastern KS after midnight. Given inconsistency of these HRRR runs, have not included any significant POPs from this forecast convection. Possibly more likely scenario would be closer to going forecast, and perhaps best depicted by 12Z NAM, where an MCS is forecast to affect primarily Nebraska, with tail end affecting far nothern and northeastern KS late tonight and Thursday morning. This is what has been put in forecast grids, but developments over western KS will obviously have to be monitored for HRRR scenarios. .LONG TERM...(Thursday Night through Wednesday) Issued at 328 PM CDT WED JUL 6 2016 Strong upper wave will move across the Upper Midwest pushing a cold front across the area Thu night. Capping and stronger lift associated with the wave should keep the bulk of the precip NE of the area but will keep low chcs in the northeast given strength of wave. The front will sag into southern KS on Friday and will keep low chcs across the southern counties near the front. By Friday night into the weekend confidence in location and timing of precip is low since recent performance of models has been poor with placement of nocturnal convection. That said chcs would appear to increase at least across central KS Fri night as the thetaE advection increases atop the boundary. The area will remain within the weak upper ridge with overnight storm chcs through the weekend before a unusually strong upper trough moves into the Rockies by early next week. This trough will push a front into the region by later Monday into Tues so it would appear best chcs for organized storms would occur around that time frame. The front will hang up across the area toward mid week and with zonal flow wouldn`t be surprised to see storm chcs persist through next week. && .AVIATION...(For the 18Z TAFS through 18Z Thursday Afternoon) Issued at 1210 PM CDT WED JUL 6 2016 Very little change expected through mid day Thursday. Expect southerly winds 5 to 15 kts and VFR conditions. Very low probabilities of late night/early morning thunderstorms, most likely staying well to north of TAF sites. && .TOP Watches/Warnings/Advisories... NONE. && $$ SHORT TERM...GDP LONG TERM...Omitt AVIATION...GDP
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
National Weather Service Topeka KS
1146 PM CDT TUE JUL 5 2016 ...Update to aviation forecast discussion... .SHORT TERM...(This Evening through Wednesday) Issued at 332 PM CDT TUE JUL 5 2016 Late this afternoon temperatures were in the late 90s with dewpoints int he the mid to upper 70s across east central KS, which has caused heat indices to be in the 110 to 114 degree range. The mixing was a bit deeper across the western counties where dewpoints have dropped into the upper 60s to lower 70s. Most numerical models do not show thunderstorms developing across the CWA this afternoon and evening, though MLCAPE values range from 4,000 to 5,000 J/KG. The HRRR is the only model that shows isolated thunderstorms developing across the CWA late this afternoon and evening but based on the lack of vertical CU development, I really do not see any boundary or minor vortmaxes that could help increase ascent for any thunderstorm development late this afternoon. Tonight, most models show scattered thunderstorms across northeast CO and the southern NE Panhandle this afternoon congealing into an MCS which will track east or southeast across the plains. The HRRR, NAM, and WRF solutions show the MCS tracking southeast across the CWA, though it may begin to weaken as it moves into northeast and east central KS late Tonight. If an MCS develops and maintains its intensity through the night then there will be a chance for heavy rainfall and potential damaging wind gusts along with penny to quarter size hail, with the better chance for strong to severe thunderstorms across north central KS during the early morning hours Wednesday. The exact track and the intensity of the MCS will not be known until it develops and begins to propagate to the southeast. Therefore, I went with chance pops after 6Z across the CWA but there will be higher pops wherever the MCS tracks. Wednesday, The morning thunderstorm complex will exit the eastern counties of the CWA by 15Z. Skies should clear from west to east across the CWA during the late morning and early afternoon hours. Highs should warm into the lower and mid 90s across the southern counties along with dewpoints holding in the mid 70s. If the MCS remains intense through the morning hours, then an outflow boundary may shift south of the CWA and the cloud cover may hold through most of the afternoon hours keeping Highs several degrees cooler. At this time I think we will clear out by afternoon and heat up into the mid 90s south of I-70. Therefore I have issued a heat advisory for areas along and south of I-70 from 12 Noon through 8 PM Wednesday where heat indices around 105 degrees during the afternoon hours. .LONG TERM...(Wednesday Night through Tuesday) Issued at 332 PM CDT TUE JUL 5 2016 Wednesday Night through Friday... Storms are expected to form in NW Kansas and SW Nebraska Wednesday evening and move east toward the area overnight. There is a chance some storms may make it into the northern portion of the CWA by late evening so low end PoPs are included during this time frame mainly north of I-70. Thunderstorm chances continue for Thursday as another shortwave is forecast to move through late afternoon into the evening. Soundings indicate a cap will be in place most of the afternoon Thursday, but with a front in the area and sufficient heating, the cap should degrade allowing a chance for storms to form. Models show high CAPE values over 3000 J/kg along with 0-6 km shear ranging between 25-35 knots. This makes organized convection possible with strong winds and gusty hail being the main hazard. Friday looks to have the best chance to be dry, although another shortwave near central Kansas may provide some focus for storms in east central Kansas during the afternoon Friday. As for temperatures during this time, the hottest day looks to be Thursday with heat indicies once again near 105 degrees due to dewpoints in the low 70s Thursday afternoon. The front finally makes it through the area this day allowing Friday to cool slightly with highs in the low 90s. Friday Night through Tuesday... Weak mid-level ridging will be in place at the beginning of the period. A frontal boundary is expected to stall in southern Kansas Saturday afternoon. This may be the focal point for thunderstorm development Saturday afternoon and evening. An amplified trough will be in place across the Western US late next weekend. EC and GFS differ on the effects from the trough. GFS much more bullish with strength of a shortwave trough lifting out from base of the trough. The unsettled pattern will continue through the remainder of the period as a potentially unstable atmosphere will be in place. As mid- level southwesterly flow settles in across the area, weak embedded waves will have the potential to spark thunderstorm activity for the remainder of the period. Temperatures will remain fairly seasonal with high temperatures in the upper 80s to lower 90s. With dew points near 70 degrees, heat index values will range from the mid- 90s to near 100 degrees for the entire extended period. && .AVIATION...(For the 06Z TAFS through 06Z Wednesday Night) Issued at 1146 PM CDT TUE JUL 5 2016 Have narrowed down VCTS a bit, with some uncertainty remaining on coverage and timing even in the next few hours. Wind shear continues to look to weak and short lived for a mention. VFR conditions otherwise anticipated. && .TOP Watches/Warnings/Advisories... Heat Advisory from 1 PM to 8 PM CDT Wednesday for KSZ034>039- 054>056-058-059. && $$ SHORT TERM...Gargan LONG TERM...Heller/Baerg AVIATION...65 Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Little Rock AR 354 AM CDT FRI JUL 8 2016 .SHORT TERM...Today Through Saturday Night Once again, surface analysis indicates ridge of high pressure located southeast of the state with low pressure situated over the TX/OK panhandles. A frontal boundary stretches from the TX/OK panhandles northeastward toward Chicago. Several series of thunderstorm complexes can be seen on NWS radar network early this morning, from northern Oklahoma into southern Kansas as well as across northern Arkansas into southern Missouri. Better rain chances will be in the forecast during the short term period as the upper ridge across the southern US begins to retreat westward a bit providing more of a NW flow aloft over the state. Several upper level shortwave troughs will move along this flow and interact with the boundary at the surface which will be positioned across northern Arkansas the next few days. Potential is there for remnant thunderstorm complexes to move over the state Saturday and Sunday morning, similar to what has been seen across Kansas and Missouri the last few days. Even with rainfall chances in the forecast and more widespread cloud cover noted, only northern Arkansas will see a legitimate break from summertime heat. It will still be quite warm across central and southern areas. Winds will be enhanced again today with breezy conditions out of the southwest. Even lighter winds expected Saturday. && .LONG TERM...Sunday Through Thursday A weakness in the ridge of high pressure over the southeast United States coupled with a storm system aloft over southern Missouri will yield isolated to scattered showers and thunderstorms in Arkansas Sunday. At the surface, a weak stationary front will be draped across northeast sections of the state, which is close to the periphery of the ridge. Precipitation coverage will be greatest north/east of Little Rock nearest the front. A few storms may be severe. Damaging winds and hail will be the main concerns. An organized severe weather event is not expected. Heavy downpours in the northeast half of the state may result in localized flash flooding. Heading into early next week, a big trough of low pressure will wobble from the Rockies to the upper Midwest. This will cause ridging farther east, and the front will be forced to move away from Arkansas to the north. The heat will return, and precipitation chances will decrease. Temperatures will be near to a little above average for much of the period. As the period begins, readings may be a touch below average toward the Missouri border near the aforementioned front. && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... Batesville AR 93 74 87 72 / 40 30 50 60 Camden AR 97 77 96 75 / 10 20 30 30 Harrison AR 89 71 84 69 / 50 50 50 50 Hot Springs AR 95 77 92 75 / 20 30 40 30 Little Rock AR 96 78 93 76 / 20 30 40 40 Monticello AR 96 79 95 76 / 10 20 30 30 Mount Ida AR 94 75 92 73 / 20 30 40 30 Mountain Home AR 90 72 85 70 / 50 50 50 60 Newport AR 94 75 88 73 / 40 30 50 50 Pine Bluff AR 95 78 92 75 / 20 20 40 30 Russellville AR 94 76 90 74 / 20 40 50 40 Searcy AR 95 76 91 73 / 20 30 50 50 Stuttgart AR 95 77 92 75 / 20 20 40 40 && .LZK Watches/Warnings/Advisories...NONE. && $$ Short Term...226 / Long Term...46
Area Forecast Discussion...UPDATED National Weather Service Little Rock AR 1225 AM CDT FRI JUL 8 2016 .UPDATE... Updated to include 06z aviation discussion. && .AVIATION... Showers and thunderstorms slowly moving SE out of SW MO and SE KS this morning may bring vicinity SH/TS activity to northern AR terminals this morning as they dissipate. Otherwise, MVFR ceilings expected across central/southern AR around daybreak once again with primarily VFR conditions seen otherwise. Winds will be out of the SW again with speeds of 8-12kts and gusts to 20kts at times. && .PREV DISCUSSION...(ISSUED 711 PM CDT THU JUL 7 2016 ) AVIATION...08/00z Taf Cycle Look for VFR conds to cont thru much of pd. Sct-bkn low clouds wl again dvlp toward sunrise Fri...mainly acrs CNTRL and SRN AR... resulting in ocnl MVFR cigs. Hi-Res model data conts to suggest a complex of storms forming forming later tngt acrs SRN KS... eventually working SEWD into parts of NW AR Fri mrng. Included PROB30 groups at KHRO and KBPK to account for any storms that may form along residual small scale bndry`s later in the day. /44/ PREV DISCUSSION...(ISSUED 252 PM CDT THU JUL 7 2016) DISCUSSION... Main concerns in this forecast cycle are chances of convection each day, and if any would be strong to severe storm. Also due to heat and humidity, heat advisories may be needed. Earlier convection over northern AR associated with MCV moved through southern MO and is now well east. It did develop isolated convection to as far south as central AR. Also, the convection was associated with short wave energy moving through the northwest upper flow. Breezy south to southwest winds of 10 to 20 with gusts to 25 mph across AR have been seen today, but have overall remained below lake wind advisory levels. Temperatures have made it to the 90s today over central to southern AR, while 70s to 80s over the convection areas of northern AR. Heat index values have reached from 100 to around 105 degrees over most locations. SHORT TERM...Today Through Friday Night Forecast will start with a chance to slight chance of late afternoon to evening convection over northern to central AR. After sunset, all convection is expected to weaken and dissipate. Late tonight, a frontal boundary is forecast to sag southeastward toward AR, and chances of convection come back in the forecast for mainly northern areas Friday, then the northern half on Saturday. Also at this time, due to in-place moisture and instability, along with some lift, SPC has issued a marginal to slight risk of severe storms for the northern half of AR. Damaging winds and large hail will be the primary threats. Temperatures on Friday will be similar to Thursday, but heat index values are only around 105 in spots. At this time will hold off on any advisory for Friday. Likewise, surface wind speeds will remain elevated on Friday, but as the front sags south, gradient will be not as likely to reach lake wind advisory levels. LONG TERM...Saturday Through Thursday Saturday and Sunday... Model guidance is consistent in indicating that a weak shortwave trough will move southeast towards Arkansas on Saturday...spreading weak large scale forcing for ascent over southern Missouri and northern Arkansas Saturday afternoon. In addition to supplying some weak large scale ascent...this trough is likely to force the persistent baroclinic zone/nearly stationary front currently located near a Kansas City to Paducah line to the southwest towards northern Arkansas. Forecast guidance indicates that a ridge of low-level theta-e will consolidate along this stationary front as it will effectively act like a deformation zone in the low-level flow field with the axis of convective enhancement oriented along the axis of the frontal boundary. This flow field configuration should keep a steady supply of warm and humid air flowing into this theta-e ridge throughout the day on Saturday...setting the stage for a favorable corridor for scattered to numerous thunderstorms from Saturday through Saturday evening. This corridor of storms is likely to remain focused along the Missouri/Arkansas border...however the more storms that develop along the boundary...the higher the potential for the boundary to sag farther south on Saturday. Went ahead with 40-60 POPS from northern to central Arkansas on Saturday to account for this set up. This type of environment supports a threat for flash flooding...however at this time the forcing looks a bit to weak to consider a flash flood watch. Will watch the evolution of this environment closely in the coming days. The largest source of uncertainty for this forecast period is what will happen to the shortwave trough on Sunday into Sunday night. Forecast model guidance indicates that the upper trough will intensify (depending on where you look) and almost become a cut off low by Sunday afternoon over the MO/AR border. The intensification of this trough may not take place though the strength of this trough appears to be dependent upon diabatic contributions which convective parameterizing models can struggle with when the primary diabatic contributer is latent heat release from convection. Taking a vertical cross section through the model depiction of the cut off low reveals a potential vorticity distribution characterized by a sudden intensification in mid-level PV and a sudden decrease in PV at the tropopause level. This signal is a classic depiction of the creation/destruction cycle of PV associated with latent heat release in the troposphere. It is certainly possible that the models are right with this forecast...but this process essentially means that a large and sustained cluster of convection is responsible for intensifying the "upper" trough. If that convection is misplaced or weaker than expected it will have a dramatic effect on the remainder of the forecast as the upper level trough will actually be much farther downstream. Because the boundary is expected to remain quasi-stationary on Sunday...favored the GFS forecast for an intensifying mid-level PV anomaly/trough with this forecast and kept POPs high across northern and central Arkansas on Sunday. Keep in mind that if convection is not as extensive or long-lived on Saturday that the Sunday convection will likely be displaced pretty far off to the southeast on Sunday. At any rate...the NAM/GFS/ECMWF all offer up a similar type of dynamic solution this weekend...with slight differences in timing and intensity of course. Assuming these models are accurate...another round of scattered to numerous showers and thunderstorms are likely across central and northern Arkansas Sunday into Sunday night. Monday through Thursday... With quite a bit of uncertainty in the forecast just this weekend... the forecast for showers and thunderstorms across Arkansas on Monday is fairly low at this time. The shortwave trough/mid-level PV anomaly should have moved east or southeast of Arkansas by Monday...so anticipate that the coverage of any showers or storms will be much lower on Monday compared to this weekend. If the boundary remains in tact this feature by itself could set off a focused area of showers and storms Monday afternoon. Kept POPs in the 20 to 30 percent range for now on Monday with highest confidence in the upper trough being off to the east limiting the coverage of precipitation. The remainder of the week looks to remain warm with low rain chances each day. Kept POPs in the 10 to 20 percent range each day for now with no synoptic features evident in the forecast near Arkansas for the middle of next week. && .LZK Watches/Warnings/Advisories...NONE. && $$ Aviation...226
Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Little Rock AR 711 PM CDT THU JUL 7 2016 .AVIATION...08/00z Taf Cycle Look for VFR conds to cont thru much of pd. Sct-bkn low clouds wl again dvlp toward sunrise Fri...mainly acrs CNTRL and SRN AR... resulting in ocnl MVFR cigs. Hi-Res model data conts to suggest a complex of storms forming forming later tngt acrs SRN KS... eventually working SEWD into parts of NW AR Fri mrng. Included PROB30 groups at KHRO and KBPK to account for any storms that may form along residual small scale bndry`s later in the day. /44/ && .PREV DISCUSSION...(ISSUED 252 PM CDT THU JUL 7 2016) DISCUSSION... Main concerns in this forecast cycle are chances of convection each day, and if any would be strong to severe storm. Also due to heat and humidity, heat advisories may be needed. Earlier convection over northern AR associated with MCV moved through southern MO and is now well east. It did develop isolated convection to as far south as central AR. Also, the convection was associated with short wave energy moving through the northwest upper flow. Breezy south to southwest winds of 10 to 20 with gusts to 25 mph across AR have been seen today, but have overall remained below lake wind advisory levels. Temperatures have made it to the 90s today over central to southern AR, while 70s to 80s over the convection areas of northern AR. Heat index values have reached from 100 to around 105 degrees over most locations. SHORT TERM...Today Through Friday Night Forecast will start with a chance to slight chance of late afternoon to evening convection over northern to central AR. After sunset, all convection is expected to weaken and dissipate. Late tonight, a frontal boundary is forecast to sag southeastward toward AR, and chances of convection come back in the forecast for mainly northern areas Friday, then the northern half on Saturday. Also at this time, due to in-place moisture and instability, along with some lift, SPC has issued a marginal to slight risk of severe storms for the northern half of AR. Damaging winds and large hail will be the primary threats. Temperatures on Friday will be similar to Thursday, but heat index values are only around 105 in spots. At this time will hold off on any advisory for Friday. Likewise, surface wind speeds will remain elevated on Friday, but as the front sags south, gradient will be not as likely to reach lake wind advisory levels. LONG TERM...Saturday Through Thursday Saturday and Sunday... Model guidance is consistent in indicating that a weak shortwave trough will move southeast towards Arkansas on Saturday...spreading weak large scale forcing for ascent over southern Missouri and northern Arkansas Saturday afternoon. In addition to supplying some weak large scale ascent...this trough is likely to force the persistent baroclinic zone/nearly stationary front currently located near a Kansas City to Paducah line to the southwest towards northern Arkansas. Forecast guidance indicates that a ridge of low-level theta-e will consolidate along this stationary front as it will effectively act like a deformation zone in the low-level flow field with the axis of convective enhancement oriented along the axis of the frontal boundary. This flow field configuration should keep a steady supply of warm and humid air flowing into this theta-e ridge throughout the day on Saturday...setting the stage for a favorable corridor for scattered to numerous thunderstorms from Saturday through Saturday evening. This corridor of storms is likely to remain focused along the Missouri/Arkansas border...however the more storms that develop along the boundary...the higher the potential for the boundary to sag farther south on Saturday. Went ahead with 40-60 POPS from northern to central Arkansas on Saturday to account for this set up. This type of environment supports a threat for flash flooding...however at this time the forcing looks a bit to weak to consider a flash flood watch. Will watch the evolution of this environment closely in the coming days. The largest source of uncertainty for this forecast period is what will happen to the shortwave trough on Sunday into Sunday night. Forecast model guidance indicates that the upper trough will intensify (depending on where you look) and almost become a cut off low by Sunday afternoon over the MO/AR border. The intensification of this trough may not take place though the strength of this trough appears to be dependent upon diabatic contributions which convective parameterizing models can struggle with when the primary diabatic contributer is latent heat release from convection. Taking a vertical cross section through the model depiction of the cut off low reveals a potential vorticity distribution characterized by a sudden intensification in mid-level PV and a sudden decrease in PV at the tropopause level. This signal is a classic depiction of the creation/destruction cycle of PV associated with latent heat release in the troposphere. It is certainly possible that the models are right with this forecast...but this process essentially means that a large and sustained cluster of convection is responsible for intensifying the "upper" trough. If that convection is misplaced or weaker than expected it will have a dramatic effect on the remainder of the forecast as the upper level trough will actually be much farther downstream. Because the boundary is expected to remain quasi-stationary on Sunday...favored the GFS forecast for an intensifying mid-level PV anomaly/trough with this forecast and kept POPs high across northern and central Arkansas on Sunday. Keep in mind that if convection is not as extensive or long-lived on Saturday that the Sunday convection will likely be displaced pretty far off to the southeast on Sunday. At any rate...the NAM/GFS/ECMWF all offer up a similar type of dynamic solution this weekend...with slight differences in timing and intensity of course. Assuming these models are accurate...another round of scattered to numerous showers and thunderstorms are likely across central and northern Arkansas Sunday into Sunday night. Monday through Thursday... With quite a bit of uncertainty in the forecast just this weekend... the forecast for showers and thunderstorms across Arkansas on Monday is fairly low at this time. The shortwave trough/mid-level PV anomaly should have moved east or southeast of Arkansas by Monday...so anticipate that the coverage of any showers or storms will be much lower on Monday compared to this weekend. If the boundary remains in tact this feature by itself could set off a focused area of showers and storms Monday afternoon. Kept POPs in the 20 to 30 percent range for now on Monday with highest confidence in the upper trough being off to the east limiting the coverage of precipitation. The remainder of the week looks to remain warm with low rain chances each day. Kept POPs in the 10 to 20 percent range each day for now with no synoptic features evident in the forecast near Arkansas for the middle of next week. && .LZK Watches/Warnings/Advisories... Heat Advisory until 8 PM CDT this evening FOR Arkansas-Bradley- Calhoun-Clark-Cleburne-Cleveland-Conway-Dallas-Desha-Drew- Faulkner-Garland-Grant-Hot Spring-Independence-Jackson-Jefferson- Johnson-Lincoln-Logan-Lonoke-Monroe-Montgomery-Ouachita-Perry- Pike-Polk-Pope-Prairie-Pulaski-Saline-Scott-Van Buren-White- Woodruff-Yell. && $$
Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Little Rock AR 252 PM CDT THU JUL 7 2016 .DISCUSSION... Main concerns in this forecast cycle are chances of convection each day, and if any would be strong to severe storm. Also due to heat and humidity, heat advisories may be needed. Earlier convection over northern AR associated with MCV moved through southern MO and is now well east. It did develop isolated convection to as far south as central AR. Also, the convection was associated with short wave energy moving through the northwest upper flow. Breezy south to southwest winds of 10 to 20 with gusts to 25 mph across AR have been seen today, but have overall remained below lake wind advisory levels. Temperatures have made it to the 90s today over central to southern AR, while 70s to 80s over the convection areas of northern AR. Heat index values have reached from 100 to around 105 degrees over most locations. && .SHORT TERM...Today Through Friday Night Forecast will start with a chance to slight chance of late afternoon to evening convection over northern to central AR. After sunset, all convection is expected to weaken and dissipate. Late tonight, a frontal boundary is forecast to sag southeastward toward AR, and chances of convection come back in the forecast for mainly northern areas Friday, then the northern half on Saturday. Also at this time, due to in-place moisture and instability, along with some lift, SPC has issued a marginal to slight risk of severe storms for the northern half of AR. Damaging winds and large hail will be the primary threats. Temperatures on Friday will be similar to Thursday, but heat index values are only around 105 in spots. At this time will hold off on any advisory for Friday. Likewise, surface wind speeds will remain elevated on Friday, but as the front sags south, gradient will be not as likely to reach lake wind advisory levels. && .LONG TERM...Saturday Through Thursday Saturday and Sunday... Model guidance is consistent in indicating that a weak shortwave trough will move southeast towards Arkansas on Saturday...spreading weak large scale forcing for ascent over southern Missouri and northern Arkansas Saturday afternoon. In addition to supplying some weak large scale ascent...this trough is likely to force the persistent baroclinic zone/nearly stationary front currently located near a Kansas City to Paducah line to the southwest towards northern Arkansas. Forecast guidance indicates that a ridge of low-level theta-e will consolidate along this stationary front as it will effectively act like a deformation zone in the low-level flow field with the axis of convective enhancement oriented along the axis of the frontal boundary. This flow field configuration should keep a steady supply of warm and humid air flowing into this theta-e ridge throughout the day on Saturday...setting the stage for a favorable corridor for scattered to numerous thunderstorms from Saturday through Saturday evening. This corridor of storms is likely to remain focused along the Missouri/Arkansas border...however the more storms that develop along the boundary...the higher the potential for the boundary to sag farther south on Saturday. Went ahead with 40-60 POPS from northern to central Arkansas on Saturday to account for this set up. This type of environment supports a threat for flash flooding...however at this time the forcing looks a bit to weak to consider a flash flood watch. Will watch the evolution of this environment closely in the coming days. The largest source of uncertainty for this forecast period is what will happen to the shortwave trough on Sunday into Sunday night. Forecast model guidance indicates that the upper trough will intensify (depending on where you look) and almost become a cut off low by Sunday afternoon over the MO/AR border. The intensification of this trough may not take place though the strength of this trough appears to be dependent upon diabatic contributions which convective parameterizing models can struggle with when the primary diabatic contributer is latent heat release from convection. Taking a vertical cross section through the model depiction of the cut off low reveals a potential vorticity distribution characterized by a sudden intensification in mid-level PV and a sudden decrease in PV at the tropopause level. This signal is a classic depiction of the creation/destruction cycle of PV associated with latent heat release in the troposphere. It is certainly possible that the models are right with this forecast...but this process essentially means that a large and sustained cluster of convection is responsible for intensifying the "upper" trough. If that convection is misplaced or weaker than expected it will have a dramatic effect on the remainder of the forecast as the upper level trough will actually be much farther downstream. Because the boundary is expected to remain quasi-stationary on Sunday...favored the GFS forecast for an intensifying mid-level PV anomaly/trough with this forecast and kept POPs high across northern and central Arkansas on Sunday. Keep in mind that if convection is not as extensive or long-lived on Saturday that the Sunday convection will likely be displaced pretty far off to the southeast on Sunday. At any rate...the NAM/GFS/ECMWF all offer up a similar type of dynamic solution this weekend...with slight differences in timing and intensity of course. Assuming these models are accurate...another round of scattered to numerous showers and thunderstorms are likely across central and northern Arkansas Sunday into Sunday night. Monday through Thursday... With quite a bit of uncertainty in the forecast just this weekend... the forecast for showers and thunderstorms across Arkansas on Monday is fairly low at this time. The shortwave trough/mid-level PV anomaly should have moved east or southeast of Arkansas by Monday...so anticipate that the coverage of any showers or storms will be much lower on Monday compared to this weekend. If the boundary remains in tact this feature by itself could set off a focused area of showers and storms Monday afternoon. Kept POPs in the 20 to 30 percent range for now on Monday with highest confidence in the upper trough being off to the east limiting the coverage of precipitation. The remainder of the week looks to remain warm with low rain chances each day. Kept POPs in the 10 to 20 percent range each day for now with no synoptic features evident in the forecast near Arkansas for the middle of next week. && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... Batesville AR 95 78 94 75 / 40 30 40 30 Camden AR 97 77 96 78 / 20 20 10 20 Harrison AR 93 76 90 72 / 50 20 50 50 Hot Springs AR 96 79 95 77 / 20 20 20 30 Little Rock AR 96 78 96 78 / 20 20 20 30 Monticello AR 96 78 96 79 / 20 20 10 20 Mount Ida AR 95 78 93 75 / 20 20 20 30 Mountain Home AR 95 76 91 73 / 60 30 50 50 Newport AR 95 78 95 76 / 40 30 40 30 Pine Bluff AR 96 77 94 78 / 20 20 20 20 Russellville AR 98 77 94 76 / 30 20 20 40 Searcy AR 96 77 95 76 / 30 20 20 30 Stuttgart AR 96 77 95 78 / 20 20 20 20 && .LZK Watches/Warnings/Advisories... Heat Advisory until 8 PM CDT this evening FOR Arkansas-Bradley- Calhoun-Clark-Cleburne-Cleveland-Conway-Dallas-Desha-Drew- Faulkner-Garland-Grant-Hot Spring-Independence-Jackson-Jefferson- Johnson-Lincoln-Logan-Lonoke-Monroe-Montgomery-Ouachita-Perry- Pike-Polk-Pope-Prairie-Pulaski-Saline-Scott-Van Buren-White- Woodruff-Yell. && $$ Short Term...59 / Long Term...66
Area Forecast Discussion...Updated for Aviation National Weather Service Little Rock AR 1215 PM CDT THU JUL 7 2016 .AVIATION... Overall VFR flight conditions are expected. Patchy MVFR may be seen especially associated with showers or isolated thunderstorms. Winds are expected to be southeast to southwest at 10 to 20 mph with some gusts to around 25 mph in spots. After sunset, winds will lower to 5 to 15 mph. Tonight, isolated convection may be seen over northern Arkansas and affect KHRO and KBPK Tafs. Winds will lower to mainly below 10 mph. (59) && .Prev Discussion.../ Issued 1000 AM CDT THU JUL 7 2016 Earlier update to add scattered convection over northern AR. Complex over MO has helped develop this convection associated with short wave energy moving through the northwest upper flow. Breezy south to southwest winds of 10 to 20 with gusts to 25 mph across AR. Will monitor for possible lake wind advisory. Otherwise, temperatures will warm to the 90s today, and with the added humidity, heat index values will reach around 105 degrees. A heat advisory is in effect for most of AR except the northern areas. Late morning update will fine tune convection chances, possibly adding a bit more southern areas in slight chance area. (59) && .PREV DISCUSSION...(ISSUED 358 AM CDT THU JUL 7 2016 SHORT TERM...Today Through Friday Night Similar setup to yesterday across the region with surface high pressure in place to the southeast and low pressure noted across the Southern Plains. Two MCS`s noted across the region with the first impacting Tennessee/Kentucky and the second moving out of SE Nebraska into northeastern Kansas. Should see fewer impacts to the forecast area from upstream MCS in Kansas due to more northerly location and easterly trajectory. Early morning HRRR runs attempt to initiate some shower and thunderstorm activity across E Oklahoma with a weak shortwave in the mean flow and shift this activity toward Arkansas throughout the day. No activity has manifested itself as of 09z so will keep forecast dry attm though wouldn`t be surprised to see at least a few isolated showers develop. SW flow at the surface will be in place again today and winds will be enhanced due to increased pressure gradient. Wind speeds will likely be aoa 12-18mph with gusts as high as 25mph at times. The other notable mention of the day goes to heat index values across the state. With dewpoints in the 70s and temps cranking into the mid to upper 90s, another run at heat index values of 105 will be made this afternoon. Rain chances will be in place across mainly northern Arkansas on Friday as a surface boundary approaches from the NW. Additionally, the H500 pattern begins to show signs of transitioning to more of an active period with more of a NW flow expected. Will have to keep an eye on temps/heat indices Friday as heat indices could approach heat advisory levels once again across the southern half of the state. Could see chances for a more notable thunderstorm complex approaching the state from the northwest late Friday night. LONG TERM...Saturday Through Wednesday As a ridge of high pressure weakens over the southeast United States, a cold front will be allowed to drop through the Ohio and Tennessee Valleys during the upcoming weekend. The front may actually make it into northeast Arkansas. Isolated to scattered showers and thunderstorms are in the forecast. Given more clouds, it will be slightly cooler. A few storms may be severe as the front nears the region. Damaging winds and hail will be the main concerns. An organized severe weather event is not expected at this point. Heavy downpours in the northeast half of the state may result in localized flash flooding. Heading into early next week, a big trough of low pressure will be noted out west. This will cause ridging farther east, and the front will be forced to move away from Arkansas to the north. The heat will return, and precipitation chances will decrease. Temperatures will be near to a little above average for much of the period. Readings may be a touch below average toward the Missouri border this weekend near the aforementioned front. && .LZK Watches/Warnings/Advisories... Heat Advisory from 10 AM this morning to 8 PM CDT this evening FOR Arkansas-Bradley-Calhoun-Clark-Cleburne-Cleveland-Conway- Dallas-Desha-Drew-Faulkner-Garland-Grant-Hot Spring-Independence- Jackson-Jefferson-Johnson-Lincoln-Logan-Lonoke-Monroe-Montgomery- Ouachita-Perry-Pike-Polk-Pope-Prairie-Pulaski-Saline-Scott-Van Buren-White-Woodruff-Yell. && $$ Aviation...226
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
National Weather Service Topeka KS
340 AM CDT FRI JUL 8 2016 .SHORT TERM...(Today and Tonight) Issued at 326 AM CDT FRI JUL 8 2016 An amplified upper level trough across the upper midwest early this morning will move east across the eastern Great Lakes Tonight. The upper flow across eastern KS will weaken and shift to the northwest through Tonight as an upper level ridge amplifies across the high plains. At the surface a weak cold front front extended from northwest MO, southwest through Topeka, then west southwest across western KS. An out flow boundary extended from northwest OK, northeast into south central KS, then extended east across southeast KS. North of the boundary a few showers and thunderstorms continued to develop across southeast KS early this morning. A complex of storms that developed across the northern TX PNHDL has amplified an MCV across southwest KS. Most models show the weak front becoming stationary south of the CWA through the mid morning hours with frontolysis occurring through the afternoon hours across western KS. The NAM and GFS models show the MCV over southwest KS shifting east across the southern counties of the CWA through the late morning and afternoon hours which may provide enough ascent for showers and thunderstorms to develop. If these solution are accurate, then there will be chances for showers and thunderstorms south of I-70, beginning across the southwest counties during the late morning hours and expanding east across the southern half of the CWA during the early and mid afternoon hours. The mesocale models, such as the HRRR, WRF and RAP show the MCV weakening and no precip developing through the day. Highs today will reach the upper 80s to lower 90s with heat indices in the mid to upper 90s Tonight, all the numerical models show that any complex of storms that develop across eastern CO during the evening hours will track southeast across southwest KS into northern OK. There could be enough isentropic lift after mid night on the northern and eastern edge of the deeper moisture return across central and western KS for scattered elevate thunderstorms to develop across the southwest and southern counties of the CWA. .LONG TERM...(Saturday through Thursday) Issued at 326 AM CDT FRI JUL 8 2016 The weekend will see slight chance POPs over the area to begin with. Weak isentropic lift sets up in the morning over northeastern Kansas on Saturday as weak shortwaves pass overhead into the day. Forcing is weak overall, so much of this could just result in enhanced cloud cover rather than any widespread showers and isolated thunderstorms. There will still be plenty of instability with dewpoints still forecast to be in the upper 60s and low 70s. As a North Pac Low deepens and digs into the Pacific Northwest, mid to upper level ridging will amplify over the Central and Northern Plains into Sunday and should see mainly dry conditions set up over the region with good mixing into the afternoon. Therefore, expecting temps to rise into the low and possibly mid 90s. This will bring heat index values up to around or into the low 100s. Not anticipating headlines at this time for an advisory though. It may be something to watch if we can hold off more cloud cover and temps rise a bit more. Monday into the Monday night time frame, the North Pac Low will deepen and take on a negative tilt as it lifts into the Northern Plains. A modified cold boundary will move into the Central Plains and stall out as this system lifts into Central Canada. Greatest chance POPs will likely be overnight Monday as the best shear zone advects overhead with the mean trough. At least this appears to be the best chance for any organized storms to form. A strong EML will have also set up over the Central Plains, so it may be too capped for development to take place, but mainly elevated storms look like the best possibility which if they form could create some strong gusty winds and hail. Still difficult to eliminate precip chances out of subsequent periods as quasi-zonal flow regime sets up and weak impulses traverse overhead. Still looks like possibility remains for off and on showers and storms into the Friday time frame with a stationary boundary likely lingering over the Central Plains into the Mid-MS Valley. With no strong movement in the overall pattern, expecting temps to remain seasonal with heat index values around the upper 90s and 100 degree mark. && .AVIATION...(For the 06Z TAFS through 06Z Friday Night) Issued at 1142 PM CDT THU JUL 7 2016 VFR conditions should continue. Weak boundaries remain in the area but cooling boundary layer should keep convection largely in check. Should have plenty of high cloud and this will help minimize BR development. && .TOP Watches/Warnings/Advisories... NONE. && $$ SHORT TERM...Gargan LONG TERM...Drake AVIATION...65
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
National Weather Service Topeka KS
1142 PM CDT THU JUL 7 2016 ...Update to aviation forecast discussion... .SHORT TERM...(This Evening through Friday) Issued at 311 PM CDT THU JUL 7 2016 Early morning convection brought a swath of rainfall northwest through southeast across the forecast area, and left an outflow over eastern Kansas throughout the morning hours. Temperatures now mixing out and rising into the upper 80s and low 90s. Dewpoints also slow to rise, with Concordia at this hour still at 66F while southern areas increasing into the low 70s. End result will be a few hours in our southern and eastern areas with heat indicies in the 100 to 103 range, just shy of criteria for an advisory. Satellite imagery and wind fields show boundary over north central Kansas near the NE border, but lift remains generally weak in this area to tap into the instability aloft. Storms developing along the front up into Nebraska and extending into Minnesota, with this cluster expected to build east and southward with time. Much of our area has a strong cap in place with 16-18C at 700mb, and with lack of a strong source of forcing, think areas that have the best chance for strong storms are far eastern counties on the edge of the cap and where 850mb winds veer to the SW into the evening hours. Enough cape, wind and steep lapse rates aloft to make wind the primary concern with small hail also a possibility. Think that the boundary farther to the west will have a hard time generating precipitation, and have lower chances as you go westward into north central Kansas. On Friday...Front is forecast to have moved south and west of the area. Convection is forecast to develop in western Kansas along the front as a shortwave moves into the state. At this time think impacts of rain chances will be primarily in our west and south, given location of the front and some likely reinforcement of its position from the cold pool from overnight convection. .LONG TERM...(Friday Night through Thursday) Issued at 311 PM CDT THU JUL 7 2016 Friday Evening through Sunday...Underneath westerly flow aloft, an embedded impulse is progged to lift north and east from the southwest CONUS into the central Plains Friday evening into Saturday. Convergence along the h85 boundary Friday evening in conjunction with a stout llj up to 30 kts will develop another round of thunderstorms across portions of central KS. As a shortwave trough continues eastward during the day Saturday, thunderstorms remain possible especially along and south of the Interstate 70 corridor where the boundary remains stationary. With the potential for cloud cover and precipitation, highs are generally in the mid to upper 80s. Further west, where better mixing and lesser cloud cover resides, highs in the lower 90s are expected. This trend continues into early evening as activity gradually shifts southeast, creating a quiet evening for the area with mostly cloudy skies and lows near 70. A warmer and drier forecast is in store on Sunday as upper ridging builds overhead while the frontal boundary edges towards Missouri. Highs are progged in the lower 90s for Sunday. Sunday night through Wednesday...An amplified trough is expected to be located across the Western United States at the beginning of the period. Weak lead waves ejecting from the base of the trough could lead to thunderstorm development Sunday night and Monday. A more substantial wave is depicted by both the EC and GFS on Tuesday, however the bulk of forcing looks to go north of the outlook area. Have Chance PoPs Tuesday afternoon and evening as a weak surface boundary will setup in the area. This boundary in conjunction with weak upper level forcing could provide enough convergence for thunderstorm development. With a strong cap in place, widespread thunderstorm development is unlikely, but if development occurs, storms may be severe. Zonal mid-level flow will become the dominate flow by midweek next week. With weak mid- level waves traversing the CONUS, will have to maintain at least slight-chance PoPs for the remainder of the period. Muggy conditions will continue for the duration of the period as high temperatures will remain in the low to middle 90s and dewpoints in the 70s. This combination yields Heat Index values near 100 degrees every afternoon of the period. && .AVIATION...(For the 06Z TAFS through 06Z Friday Night) Issued at 1142 PM CDT THU JUL 7 2016 VFR conditions should continue. Weak boundaries remain in the area but cooling boundary layer should keep convection largely in check. Should have plenty of high cloud and this will help minimize BR development. && .TOP Watches/Warnings/Advisories... NONE. && $$ SHORT TERM...67 LONG TERM...Prieto AVIATION...65
Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Wichita KS 658 PM CDT THU JUL 7 2016 .SHORT TERM...(This evening through Sunday night) Issued at 313 PM CDT Thu Jul 7 2016 Low confidence forecast. Models have been struggling with outflow/convective trends of late, and given synoptic pattern, see little change in predictability beyond about the first period. Some small chance for storms this afternoon/evening in southeast KS, but based on current observations/trends, thinking cap will hold. Current thinking is cumulus field on satellite extending from Northwest to Southeast KS may portend the track of storms tonight. Thinking high plains storms will eventually develop somewhere in Northwest KS near/after sunset, then track southeast during the night along rich moisture axis. Will trend pops that way. This will result in extensive clouds/precipitation lingering on Friday across forecast area, and trended temperatures down a bit. That said, if storms do not develop overnight, chances for strong-severe storms increases ahead of surface boundary in the afternoon. Given uncertainty in precipitation and resultant temperatures tomorrow, opted not to extend heat advisory at this time. Beyond that, the entire forecast will hinge on amount/extent of convection and location of ouflow boundaries. -Howerton .LONG TERM...(Monday through Thursday) Issued at 313 PM CDT Thu Jul 7 2016 Little change in extended forecast with front potentially hung up somewhere in the forecast area by both GFS/ECMWF taken at face value. However similar to the short term, predictibilty in timing of shortwaves moving through mainly zonal flow and resultant mcs is low. Clouds/precipitation will have significant impact on temperatures as well, with some days warmer/some cooler than initialization grids. -Howerton && .AVIATION...(For the 00Z TAFS through 00Z Friday evening) Issued at 656 PM CDT Thu Jul 7 2016 Expecting mainly VFR conditions overnight into early Fri with main concerns being nocturnal convective chances. Still could have an very small chance of an isolated storm along a weak outflow boundary to the north of KCNU in ern KS, but this chance looks too small to mention in the KCNU Taf. Will keep an eye on convective trends to the west of the forecast area, either in NW KS or SW KS. If convection in either location can grow upscale overnight, this convection will drift east-southeast overnight, potentially impacting portions of Central and South Central KS. Not alot of confidence in either area growing upscale, but think the better chance appears to be over South Central KS as SW KS convection will be fed by increasing low level moisture transport into SW KS. So will go with a VCTS for both the KGBD and KHUT Tafs late tonight after 10z/Fri. Could see some of this shower activity linger across South Central KS into Fri morning, so will include a VCSH for KICT as well. Ketcham && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... Wichita-KICT 73 91 71 90 / 20 40 40 30 Hutchinson 72 89 70 89 / 30 40 40 30 Newton 72 89 70 87 / 20 40 50 40 ElDorado 73 90 71 86 / 20 40 50 40 Winfield-KWLD 74 92 72 91 / 20 40 50 40 Russell 69 89 68 91 / 40 40 50 20 Great Bend 70 89 69 91 / 40 40 40 20 Salina 72 92 71 89 / 30 30 50 30 McPherson 71 89 69 88 / 30 40 50 30 Coffeyville 75 93 72 88 / 10 40 50 50 Chanute 74 92 72 86 / 10 30 50 50 Iola 74 91 72 84 / 10 30 50 50 Parsons-KPPF 74 92 73 85 / 10 40 50 50 && .ICT Watches/Warnings/Advisories... Heat Advisory until 9 PM CDT this evening for KSZ049>053-067>072- 082-083-091>096-098>100. && $$ SHORT TERM...PJH LONG TERM...PJH AVIATION...KETCHAM
Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Goodland KS 541 PM MDT THU JUL 7 2016 .UPDATE... Issued at 530 PM MDT Thu Jul 7 2016 Cluster of strong thunderstorms currently diving south into the cwa from the NE panhandle and moving into a more unstable and sheared airmass. Short range CAM`s really struggling with even next hour forecast...with the experimental HRRR being the closest. Think storms will make a push into portions of Kansas while mean wind continues to advect them to the east. Another area of congested CU apparent to the southeast of KLIC which may pose another area for potential storm development before 02z. As WAA develops tonight redevelopment or maintenance of storms appears likely with best chances along and south of I70. && .SHORT TERM...(This evening through Friday) Issued at 238 PM MDT Thu Jul 7 2016 High dewpoints in the upper 60s and lower 70s have pooled across the southeast portion of the forecast area in the vicinity of a pre- frontal trough ahead of a cold front that is approaching the region. The national analysis shows the front already in the forecast area, but it appears the cooler and dryer air behind the front is further to the north across southwest Nebraska. A few storms are developing in the vicinity of this front to the north of the forecast area this afternoon. The possibility exists for some of these storms to move across the far northern and northeastern portions of the forecast area from southwest Nebraska into north central Kansas this evening and into the overnight hours as a weak short wave trough aloft moves across Nebraska. Have currently kept pops low enough through the afternoon and evening to only bring a brief mention of thunderstorms to the extreme northeast corner around 00Z. Begin to ramp up pops after midnight over the east central portion of the forecast area. This area will be in the vicinity of the coldfront as it continues to push south into the forecast area overnight and a weak short wave trough aloft moves east of the Rockies and across western Kansas. Additional short wave activity moves east of the Rockies and across western Kansas through the day on Friday as the front appears to stall out over southern Kansas and extend back into central Colorado. Southeast upslope return flow will bring mid 60 dewpoints back into the area by late Friday with isolated thunderstorms early in the day becoming scattered across mainly the southeast portions of the forecast area by late in the day on Friday. .LONG TERM...(Friday night through Thursday) Issued at 238 PM MDT Thu Jul 7 2016 For the extended period there will be a ridge that sits over the CWA Friday night into Sunday afternoon. After that a trough begins to move towards the area Sunday evening and impacts the CWA through Tuesday; but there are some differences between the GFS and European starting Tuesday (will see which one plays out correctly). Come late Wednesday into Thursday the models are different in their upper level flow, so confidence is very low which one is accurate at this time. Model runs have differed from yesterday in regards with keeping Friday and Saturday similar on intensity of storm/precipitation chances. Current model runs definitely have Friday with a stronger storm potential and have decreased Saturday`s chances a little more (but Saturday still could see precipitation). Friday has a shortwave and frontal boundary that moves over the region in the late afternoon/evening. CAPEs are around 2000-3000 J/kg, 850-500 mb lapse rates are 7+ C/km and bulk shear is up to 50 kts. Saturday has another shortwave but it is currently showing to move more south of the region. So best chances for storms/precipitation will be in the southern portions of the CWA. Sunday will be dry during the day but the evening could see some precipitation around 00z. This is due to the trough moving towards the CWA, so southwest flow will bring up moisture from the southern states and another shortwave moves through the upper level flow. As of current model runs, the CAPE and bulk shear values are not impressive, so this could possibly be a weak storm/precipitation event. Monday is the last day in the extended where the models are in fairly good agreement. There are some differences in the broadness and exact placement of the low pressure, but for the most part they agree. As the trough moves north of the CWA a frontal boundary and shortwave will sweep across the region and bring with it storm/precipitation chances in the evening and overnight hours; primarily in the eastern side of the CWA. CAPES are weak but bulk shear is around 40-50 kts. Tuesday and Wednesday are the days where the models take fairly different routes. So confidence is low on what will occur. Will include slight PoPs each day in a few area due to the large discrepancies between the models. The GFS keeps each day dry but the European brings precipitation each evening. So right now it could go either way. Thursday, even though the models still disagree in upper level flow both have precipitation chances in the late afternoon. Again confidence is very low with what will actually occur. Temperatures will be in low to mid 90s each day, with a slight decrease Tuesday in the lower 90s as the low pressure impacts the region. && .AVIATION...(For the 00Z TAFS through 00Z Friday evening) Issued at 530 PM MDT Thu Jul 7 2016 FOR 00z TAFS...Potential exists for thunderstorms to impact TAF locations prior to 06z...but large degree of uncertainty at the moment makes putting a prevailing or vicinity group into difficult execept for straight interpolating current storms motion. VFR conditions will prevail...but will monitor potential for period of fog around sunrise at KGLD. For now...probabilities indicate this scenario is unlikely but worth keeping an eye on. && .GLD Watches/Warnings/Advisories... KS...NONE. CO...NONE. NE...NONE. && $$ UPDATE...JRM SHORT TERM...LOCKHART LONG TERM...CLT AVIATION...JRM Area Forecast Discussion...UPDATED National Weather Service Little Rock AR 620 AM CDT FRI JUL 8 2016 .UPDATE... Updated to include 12z aviation discussion. && .AVIATION... Some patchy MVFR 1500-2000ft ceilings possible around central and southern AR terminals the next few hours, then mainly VFR conditions expected. Winds out of the SW today 7-12kts gusting as high as 20kts at times. Could see isolated/scattered SH/TS activity across mainly northern areas this afternoon/evening and then again after midnight. Widespread mid/high clouds will be in place for much of the TAF period as well. && .PREV DISCUSSION...(ISSUED 354 AM CDT FRI JUL 8 2016 ) SHORT TERM...Today Through Saturday Night Once again, surface analysis indicates ridge of high pressure located southeast of the state with low pressure situated over the TX/OK panhandles. A frontal boundary stretches from the TX/OK panhandles northeastward toward Chicago. Several series of thunderstorm complexes can be seen on NWS radar network early this morning, from northern Oklahoma into southern Kansas as well as across northern Arkansas into southern Missouri. Better rain chances will be in the forecast during the short term period as the upper ridge across the southern US begins to retreat westward a bit providing more of a NW flow aloft over the state. Several upper level shortwave troughs will move along this flow and interact with the boundary at the surface which will be positioned across northern Arkansas the next few days. Potential is there for remnant thunderstorm complexes to move over the state Saturday and Sunday morning, similar to what has been seen across Kansas and Missouri the last few days. Even with rainfall chances in the forecast and more widespread cloud cover noted, only northern Arkansas will see a legitimate break from summertime heat. It will still be quite warm across central and southern areas. Winds will be enhanced again today with breezy conditions out of the southwest. Even lighter winds expected Saturday. LONG TERM...Sunday Through Thursday A weakness in the ridge of high pressure over the southeast United States coupled with a storm system aloft over southern Missouri will yield isolated to scattered showers and thunderstorms in Arkansas Sunday. At the surface, a weak stationary front will be draped across northeast sections of the state, which is close to the periphery of the ridge. Precipitation coverage will be greatest north/east of Little Rock nearest the front. A few storms may be severe. Damaging winds and hail will be the main concerns. An organized severe weather event is not expected. Heavy downpours in the northeast half of the state may result in localized flash flooding. Heading into early next week, a big trough of low pressure will wobble from the Rockies to the upper Midwest. This will cause ridging farther east, and the front will be forced to move away from Arkansas to the north. The heat will return, and precipitation chances will decrease. Temperatures will be near to a little above average for much of the period. As the period begins, readings may be a touch below average toward the Missouri border near the aforementioned front. && .LZK Watches/Warnings/Advisories...NONE. && $$ Aviation...226
Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Little Rock AR 354 AM CDT FRI JUL 8 2016 .SHORT TERM...Today Through Saturday Night Once again, surface analysis indicates ridge of high pressure located southeast of the state with low pressure situated over the TX/OK panhandles. A frontal boundary stretches from the TX/OK panhandles northeastward toward Chicago. Several series of thunderstorm complexes can be seen on NWS radar network early this morning, from northern Oklahoma into southern Kansas as well as across northern Arkansas into southern Missouri. Better rain chances will be in the forecast during the short term period as the upper ridge across the southern US begins to retreat westward a bit providing more of a NW flow aloft over the state. Several upper level shortwave troughs will move along this flow and interact with the boundary at the surface which will be positioned across northern Arkansas the next few days. Potential is there for remnant thunderstorm complexes to move over the state Saturday and Sunday morning, similar to what has been seen across Kansas and Missouri the last few days. Even with rainfall chances in the forecast and more widespread cloud cover noted, only northern Arkansas will see a legitimate break from summertime heat. It will still be quite warm across central and southern areas. Winds will be enhanced again today with breezy conditions out of the southwest. Even lighter winds expected Saturday. && .LONG TERM...Sunday Through Thursday A weakness in the ridge of high pressure over the southeast United States coupled with a storm system aloft over southern Missouri will yield isolated to scattered showers and thunderstorms in Arkansas Sunday. At the surface, a weak stationary front will be draped across northeast sections of the state, which is close to the periphery of the ridge. Precipitation coverage will be greatest north/east of Little Rock nearest the front. A few storms may be severe. Damaging winds and hail will be the main concerns. An organized severe weather event is not expected. Heavy downpours in the northeast half of the state may result in localized flash flooding. Heading into early next week, a big trough of low pressure will wobble from the Rockies to the upper Midwest. This will cause ridging farther east, and the front will be forced to move away from Arkansas to the north. The heat will return, and precipitation chances will decrease. Temperatures will be near to a little above average for much of the period. As the period begins, readings may be a touch below average toward the Missouri border near the aforementioned front. && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... Batesville AR 93 74 87 72 / 40 30 50 60 Camden AR 97 77 96 75 / 10 20 30 30 Harrison AR 89 71 84 69 / 50 50 50 50 Hot Springs AR 95 77 92 75 / 20 30 40 30 Little Rock AR 96 78 93 76 / 20 30 40 40 Monticello AR 96 79 95 76 / 10 20 30 30 Mount Ida AR 94 75 92 73 / 20 30 40 30 Mountain Home AR 90 72 85 70 / 50 50 50 60 Newport AR 94 75 88 73 / 40 30 50 50 Pine Bluff AR 95 78 92 75 / 20 20 40 30 Russellville AR 94 76 90 74 / 20 40 50 40 Searcy AR 95 76 91 73 / 20 30 50 50 Stuttgart AR 95 77 92 75 / 20 20 40 40 && .LZK Watches/Warnings/Advisories...NONE. && $$ Short Term...226 / Long Term...46
Area Forecast Discussion...UPDATED National Weather Service Little Rock AR 1225 AM CDT FRI JUL 8 2016 .UPDATE... Updated to include 06z aviation discussion. && .AVIATION... Showers and thunderstorms slowly moving SE out of SW MO and SE KS this morning may bring vicinity SH/TS activity to northern AR terminals this morning as they dissipate. Otherwise, MVFR ceilings expected across central/southern AR around daybreak once again with primarily VFR conditions seen otherwise. Winds will be out of the SW again with speeds of 8-12kts and gusts to 20kts at times. && .PREV DISCUSSION...(ISSUED 711 PM CDT THU JUL 7 2016 ) AVIATION...08/00z Taf Cycle Look for VFR conds to cont thru much of pd. Sct-bkn low clouds wl again dvlp toward sunrise Fri...mainly acrs CNTRL and SRN AR... resulting in ocnl MVFR cigs. Hi-Res model data conts to suggest a complex of storms forming forming later tngt acrs SRN KS... eventually working SEWD into parts of NW AR Fri mrng. Included PROB30 groups at KHRO and KBPK to account for any storms that may form along residual small scale bndry`s later in the day. /44/ PREV DISCUSSION...(ISSUED 252 PM CDT THU JUL 7 2016) DISCUSSION... Main concerns in this forecast cycle are chances of convection each day, and if any would be strong to severe storm. Also due to heat and humidity, heat advisories may be needed. Earlier convection over northern AR associated with MCV moved through southern MO and is now well east. It did develop isolated convection to as far south as central AR. Also, the convection was associated with short wave energy moving through the northwest upper flow. Breezy south to southwest winds of 10 to 20 with gusts to 25 mph across AR have been seen today, but have overall remained below lake wind advisory levels. Temperatures have made it to the 90s today over central to southern AR, while 70s to 80s over the convection areas of northern AR. Heat index values have reached from 100 to around 105 degrees over most locations. SHORT TERM...Today Through Friday Night Forecast will start with a chance to slight chance of late afternoon to evening convection over northern to central AR. After sunset, all convection is expected to weaken and dissipate. Late tonight, a frontal boundary is forecast to sag southeastward toward AR, and chances of convection come back in the forecast for mainly northern areas Friday, then the northern half on Saturday. Also at this time, due to in-place moisture and instability, along with some lift, SPC has issued a marginal to slight risk of severe storms for the northern half of AR. Damaging winds and large hail will be the primary threats. Temperatures on Friday will be similar to Thursday, but heat index values are only around 105 in spots. At this time will hold off on any advisory for Friday. Likewise, surface wind speeds will remain elevated on Friday, but as the front sags south, gradient will be not as likely to reach lake wind advisory levels. LONG TERM...Saturday Through Thursday Saturday and Sunday... Model guidance is consistent in indicating that a weak shortwave trough will move southeast towards Arkansas on Saturday...spreading weak large scale forcing for ascent over southern Missouri and northern Arkansas Saturday afternoon. In addition to supplying some weak large scale ascent...this trough is likely to force the persistent baroclinic zone/nearly stationary front currently located near a Kansas City to Paducah line to the southwest towards northern Arkansas. Forecast guidance indicates that a ridge of low-level theta-e will consolidate along this stationary front as it will effectively act like a deformation zone in the low-level flow field with the axis of convective enhancement oriented along the axis of the frontal boundary. This flow field configuration should keep a steady supply of warm and humid air flowing into this theta-e ridge throughout the day on Saturday...setting the stage for a favorable corridor for scattered to numerous thunderstorms from Saturday through Saturday evening. This corridor of storms is likely to remain focused along the Missouri/Arkansas border...however the more storms that develop along the boundary...the higher the potential for the boundary to sag farther south on Saturday. Went ahead with 40-60 POPS from northern to central Arkansas on Saturday to account for this set up. This type of environment supports a threat for flash flooding...however at this time the forcing looks a bit to weak to consider a flash flood watch. Will watch the evolution of this environment closely in the coming days. The largest source of uncertainty for this forecast period is what will happen to the shortwave trough on Sunday into Sunday night. Forecast model guidance indicates that the upper trough will intensify (depending on where you look) and almost become a cut off low by Sunday afternoon over the MO/AR border. The intensification of this trough may not take place though the strength of this trough appears to be dependent upon diabatic contributions which convective parameterizing models can struggle with when the primary diabatic contributer is latent heat release from convection. Taking a vertical cross section through the model depiction of the cut off low reveals a potential vorticity distribution characterized by a sudden intensification in mid-level PV and a sudden decrease in PV at the tropopause level. This signal is a classic depiction of the creation/destruction cycle of PV associated with latent heat release in the troposphere. It is certainly possible that the models are right with this forecast...but this process essentially means that a large and sustained cluster of convection is responsible for intensifying the "upper" trough. If that convection is misplaced or weaker than expected it will have a dramatic effect on the remainder of the forecast as the upper level trough will actually be much farther downstream. Because the boundary is expected to remain quasi-stationary on Sunday...favored the GFS forecast for an intensifying mid-level PV anomaly/trough with this forecast and kept POPs high across northern and central Arkansas on Sunday. Keep in mind that if convection is not as extensive or long-lived on Saturday that the Sunday convection will likely be displaced pretty far off to the southeast on Sunday. At any rate...the NAM/GFS/ECMWF all offer up a similar type of dynamic solution this weekend...with slight differences in timing and intensity of course. Assuming these models are accurate...another round of scattered to numerous showers and thunderstorms are likely across central and northern Arkansas Sunday into Sunday night. Monday through Thursday... With quite a bit of uncertainty in the forecast just this weekend... the forecast for showers and thunderstorms across Arkansas on Monday is fairly low at this time. The shortwave trough/mid-level PV anomaly should have moved east or southeast of Arkansas by Monday...so anticipate that the coverage of any showers or storms will be much lower on Monday compared to this weekend. If the boundary remains in tact this feature by itself could set off a focused area of showers and storms Monday afternoon. Kept POPs in the 20 to 30 percent range for now on Monday with highest confidence in the upper trough being off to the east limiting the coverage of precipitation. The remainder of the week looks to remain warm with low rain chances each day. Kept POPs in the 10 to 20 percent range each day for now with no synoptic features evident in the forecast near Arkansas for the middle of next week. && .LZK Watches/Warnings/Advisories...NONE. && $$ Aviation...226
Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Little Rock AR 711 PM CDT THU JUL 7 2016 .AVIATION...08/00z Taf Cycle Look for VFR conds to cont thru much of pd. Sct-bkn low clouds wl again dvlp toward sunrise Fri...mainly acrs CNTRL and SRN AR... resulting in ocnl MVFR cigs. Hi-Res model data conts to suggest a complex of storms forming forming later tngt acrs SRN KS... eventually working SEWD into parts of NW AR Fri mrng. Included PROB30 groups at KHRO and KBPK to account for any storms that may form along residual small scale bndry`s later in the day. /44/ && .PREV DISCUSSION...(ISSUED 252 PM CDT THU JUL 7 2016) DISCUSSION... Main concerns in this forecast cycle are chances of convection each day, and if any would be strong to severe storm. Also due to heat and humidity, heat advisories may be needed. Earlier convection over northern AR associated with MCV moved through southern MO and is now well east. It did develop isolated convection to as far south as central AR. Also, the convection was associated with short wave energy moving through the northwest upper flow. Breezy south to southwest winds of 10 to 20 with gusts to 25 mph across AR have been seen today, but have overall remained below lake wind advisory levels. Temperatures have made it to the 90s today over central to southern AR, while 70s to 80s over the convection areas of northern AR. Heat index values have reached from 100 to around 105 degrees over most locations. SHORT TERM...Today Through Friday Night Forecast will start with a chance to slight chance of late afternoon to evening convection over northern to central AR. After sunset, all convection is expected to weaken and dissipate. Late tonight, a frontal boundary is forecast to sag southeastward toward AR, and chances of convection come back in the forecast for mainly northern areas Friday, then the northern half on Saturday. Also at this time, due to in-place moisture and instability, along with some lift, SPC has issued a marginal to slight risk of severe storms for the northern half of AR. Damaging winds and large hail will be the primary threats. Temperatures on Friday will be similar to Thursday, but heat index values are only around 105 in spots. At this time will hold off on any advisory for Friday. Likewise, surface wind speeds will remain elevated on Friday, but as the front sags south, gradient will be not as likely to reach lake wind advisory levels. LONG TERM...Saturday Through Thursday Saturday and Sunday... Model guidance is consistent in indicating that a weak shortwave trough will move southeast towards Arkansas on Saturday...spreading weak large scale forcing for ascent over southern Missouri and northern Arkansas Saturday afternoon. In addition to supplying some weak large scale ascent...this trough is likely to force the persistent baroclinic zone/nearly stationary front currently located near a Kansas City to Paducah line to the southwest towards northern Arkansas. Forecast guidance indicates that a ridge of low-level theta-e will consolidate along this stationary front as it will effectively act like a deformation zone in the low-level flow field with the axis of convective enhancement oriented along the axis of the frontal boundary. This flow field configuration should keep a steady supply of warm and humid air flowing into this theta-e ridge throughout the day on Saturday...setting the stage for a favorable corridor for scattered to numerous thunderstorms from Saturday through Saturday evening. This corridor of storms is likely to remain focused along the Missouri/Arkansas border...however the more storms that develop along the boundary...the higher the potential for the boundary to sag farther south on Saturday. Went ahead with 40-60 POPS from northern to central Arkansas on Saturday to account for this set up. This type of environment supports a threat for flash flooding...however at this time the forcing looks a bit to weak to consider a flash flood watch. Will watch the evolution of this environment closely in the coming days. The largest source of uncertainty for this forecast period is what will happen to the shortwave trough on Sunday into Sunday night. Forecast model guidance indicates that the upper trough will intensify (depending on where you look) and almost become a cut off low by Sunday afternoon over the MO/AR border. The intensification of this trough may not take place though the strength of this trough appears to be dependent upon diabatic contributions which convective parameterizing models can struggle with when the primary diabatic contributer is latent heat release from convection. Taking a vertical cross section through the model depiction of the cut off low reveals a potential vorticity distribution characterized by a sudden intensification in mid-level PV and a sudden decrease in PV at the tropopause level. This signal is a classic depiction of the creation/destruction cycle of PV associated with latent heat release in the troposphere. It is certainly possible that the models are right with this forecast...but this process essentially means that a large and sustained cluster of convection is responsible for intensifying the "upper" trough. If that convection is misplaced or weaker than expected it will have a dramatic effect on the remainder of the forecast as the upper level trough will actually be much farther downstream. Because the boundary is expected to remain quasi-stationary on Sunday...favored the GFS forecast for an intensifying mid-level PV anomaly/trough with this forecast and kept POPs high across northern and central Arkansas on Sunday. Keep in mind that if convection is not as extensive or long-lived on Saturday that the Sunday convection will likely be displaced pretty far off to the southeast on Sunday. At any rate...the NAM/GFS/ECMWF all offer up a similar type of dynamic solution this weekend...with slight differences in timing and intensity of course. Assuming these models are accurate...another round of scattered to numerous showers and thunderstorms are likely across central and northern Arkansas Sunday into Sunday night. Monday through Thursday... With quite a bit of uncertainty in the forecast just this weekend... the forecast for showers and thunderstorms across Arkansas on Monday is fairly low at this time. The shortwave trough/mid-level PV anomaly should have moved east or southeast of Arkansas by Monday...so anticipate that the coverage of any showers or storms will be much lower on Monday compared to this weekend. If the boundary remains in tact this feature by itself could set off a focused area of showers and storms Monday afternoon. Kept POPs in the 20 to 30 percent range for now on Monday with highest confidence in the upper trough being off to the east limiting the coverage of precipitation. The remainder of the week looks to remain warm with low rain chances each day. Kept POPs in the 10 to 20 percent range each day for now with no synoptic features evident in the forecast near Arkansas for the middle of next week. && .LZK Watches/Warnings/Advisories... Heat Advisory until 8 PM CDT this evening FOR Arkansas-Bradley- Calhoun-Clark-Cleburne-Cleveland-Conway-Dallas-Desha-Drew- Faulkner-Garland-Grant-Hot Spring-Independence-Jackson-Jefferson- Johnson-Lincoln-Logan-Lonoke-Monroe-Montgomery-Ouachita-Perry- Pike-Polk-Pope-Prairie-Pulaski-Saline-Scott-Van Buren-White- Woodruff-Yell. && $$
Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Little Rock AR 252 PM CDT THU JUL 7 2016 .DISCUSSION... Main concerns in this forecast cycle are chances of convection each day, and if any would be strong to severe storm. Also due to heat and humidity, heat advisories may be needed. Earlier convection over northern AR associated with MCV moved through southern MO and is now well east. It did develop isolated convection to as far south as central AR. Also, the convection was associated with short wave energy moving through the northwest upper flow. Breezy south to southwest winds of 10 to 20 with gusts to 25 mph across AR have been seen today, but have overall remained below lake wind advisory levels. Temperatures have made it to the 90s today over central to southern AR, while 70s to 80s over the convection areas of northern AR. Heat index values have reached from 100 to around 105 degrees over most locations. && .SHORT TERM...Today Through Friday Night Forecast will start with a chance to slight chance of late afternoon to evening convection over northern to central AR. After sunset, all convection is expected to weaken and dissipate. Late tonight, a frontal boundary is forecast to sag southeastward toward AR, and chances of convection come back in the forecast for mainly northern areas Friday, then the northern half on Saturday. Also at this time, due to in-place moisture and instability, along with some lift, SPC has issued a marginal to slight risk of severe storms for the northern half of AR. Damaging winds and large hail will be the primary threats. Temperatures on Friday will be similar to Thursday, but heat index values are only around 105 in spots. At this time will hold off on any advisory for Friday. Likewise, surface wind speeds will remain elevated on Friday, but as the front sags south, gradient will be not as likely to reach lake wind advisory levels. && .LONG TERM...Saturday Through Thursday Saturday and Sunday... Model guidance is consistent in indicating that a weak shortwave trough will move southeast towards Arkansas on Saturday...spreading weak large scale forcing for ascent over southern Missouri and northern Arkansas Saturday afternoon. In addition to supplying some weak large scale ascent...this trough is likely to force the persistent baroclinic zone/nearly stationary front currently located near a Kansas City to Paducah line to the southwest towards northern Arkansas. Forecast guidance indicates that a ridge of low-level theta-e will consolidate along this stationary front as it will effectively act like a deformation zone in the low-level flow field with the axis of convective enhancement oriented along the axis of the frontal boundary. This flow field configuration should keep a steady supply of warm and humid air flowing into this theta-e ridge throughout the day on Saturday...setting the stage for a favorable corridor for scattered to numerous thunderstorms from Saturday through Saturday evening. This corridor of storms is likely to remain focused along the Missouri/Arkansas border...however the more storms that develop along the boundary...the higher the potential for the boundary to sag farther south on Saturday. Went ahead with 40-60 POPS from northern to central Arkansas on Saturday to account for this set up. This type of environment supports a threat for flash flooding...however at this time the forcing looks a bit to weak to consider a flash flood watch. Will watch the evolution of this environment closely in the coming days. The largest source of uncertainty for this forecast period is what will happen to the shortwave trough on Sunday into Sunday night. Forecast model guidance indicates that the upper trough will intensify (depending on where you look) and almost become a cut off low by Sunday afternoon over the MO/AR border. The intensification of this trough may not take place though the strength of this trough appears to be dependent upon diabatic contributions which convective parameterizing models can struggle with when the primary diabatic contributer is latent heat release from convection. Taking a vertical cross section through the model depiction of the cut off low reveals a potential vorticity distribution characterized by a sudden intensification in mid-level PV and a sudden decrease in PV at the tropopause level. This signal is a classic depiction of the creation/destruction cycle of PV associated with latent heat release in the troposphere. It is certainly possible that the models are right with this forecast...but this process essentially means that a large and sustained cluster of convection is responsible for intensifying the "upper" trough. If that convection is misplaced or weaker than expected it will have a dramatic effect on the remainder of the forecast as the upper level trough will actually be much farther downstream. Because the boundary is expected to remain quasi-stationary on Sunday...favored the GFS forecast for an intensifying mid-level PV anomaly/trough with this forecast and kept POPs high across northern and central Arkansas on Sunday. Keep in mind that if convection is not as extensive or long-lived on Saturday that the Sunday convection will likely be displaced pretty far off to the southeast on Sunday. At any rate...the NAM/GFS/ECMWF all offer up a similar type of dynamic solution this weekend...with slight differences in timing and intensity of course. Assuming these models are accurate...another round of scattered to numerous showers and thunderstorms are likely across central and northern Arkansas Sunday into Sunday night. Monday through Thursday... With quite a bit of uncertainty in the forecast just this weekend... the forecast for showers and thunderstorms across Arkansas on Monday is fairly low at this time. The shortwave trough/mid-level PV anomaly should have moved east or southeast of Arkansas by Monday...so anticipate that the coverage of any showers or storms will be much lower on Monday compared to this weekend. If the boundary remains in tact this feature by itself could set off a focused area of showers and storms Monday afternoon. Kept POPs in the 20 to 30 percent range for now on Monday with highest confidence in the upper trough being off to the east limiting the coverage of precipitation. The remainder of the week looks to remain warm with low rain chances each day. Kept POPs in the 10 to 20 percent range each day for now with no synoptic features evident in the forecast near Arkansas for the middle of next week. && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... Batesville AR 95 78 94 75 / 40 30 40 30 Camden AR 97 77 96 78 / 20 20 10 20 Harrison AR 93 76 90 72 / 50 20 50 50 Hot Springs AR 96 79 95 77 / 20 20 20 30 Little Rock AR 96 78 96 78 / 20 20 20 30 Monticello AR 96 78 96 79 / 20 20 10 20 Mount Ida AR 95 78 93 75 / 20 20 20 30 Mountain Home AR 95 76 91 73 / 60 30 50 50 Newport AR 95 78 95 76 / 40 30 40 30 Pine Bluff AR 96 77 94 78 / 20 20 20 20 Russellville AR 98 77 94 76 / 30 20 20 40 Searcy AR 96 77 95 76 / 30 20 20 30 Stuttgart AR 96 77 95 78 / 20 20 20 20 && .LZK Watches/Warnings/Advisories... Heat Advisory until 8 PM CDT this evening FOR Arkansas-Bradley- Calhoun-Clark-Cleburne-Cleveland-Conway-Dallas-Desha-Drew- Faulkner-Garland-Grant-Hot Spring-Independence-Jackson-Jefferson- Johnson-Lincoln-Logan-Lonoke-Monroe-Montgomery-Ouachita-Perry- Pike-Polk-Pope-Prairie-Pulaski-Saline-Scott-Van Buren-White- Woodruff-Yell. && $$ Short Term...59 / Long Term...66
Area Forecast Discussion...Updated for Aviation National Weather Service Little Rock AR 1215 PM CDT THU JUL 7 2016 .AVIATION... Overall VFR flight conditions are expected. Patchy MVFR may be seen especially associated with showers or isolated thunderstorms. Winds are expected to be southeast to southwest at 10 to 20 mph with some gusts to around 25 mph in spots. After sunset, winds will lower to 5 to 15 mph. Tonight, isolated convection may be seen over northern Arkansas and affect KHRO and KBPK Tafs. Winds will lower to mainly below 10 mph. (59) && .Prev Discussion.../ Issued 1000 AM CDT THU JUL 7 2016 Earlier update to add scattered convection over northern AR. Complex over MO has helped develop this convection associated with short wave energy moving through the northwest upper flow. Breezy south to southwest winds of 10 to 20 with gusts to 25 mph across AR. Will monitor for possible lake wind advisory. Otherwise, temperatures will warm to the 90s today, and with the added humidity, heat index values will reach around 105 degrees. A heat advisory is in effect for most of AR except the northern areas. Late morning update will fine tune convection chances, possibly adding a bit more southern areas in slight chance area. (59) && .PREV DISCUSSION...(ISSUED 358 AM CDT THU JUL 7 2016 SHORT TERM...Today Through Friday Night Similar setup to yesterday across the region with surface high pressure in place to the southeast and low pressure noted across the Southern Plains. Two MCS`s noted across the region with the first impacting Tennessee/Kentucky and the second moving out of SE Nebraska into northeastern Kansas. Should see fewer impacts to the forecast area from upstream MCS in Kansas due to more northerly location and easterly trajectory. Early morning HRRR runs attempt to initiate some shower and thunderstorm activity across E Oklahoma with a weak shortwave in the mean flow and shift this activity toward Arkansas throughout the day. No activity has manifested itself as of 09z so will keep forecast dry attm though wouldn`t be surprised to see at least a few isolated showers develop. SW flow at the surface will be in place again today and winds will be enhanced due to increased pressure gradient. Wind speeds will likely be aoa 12-18mph with gusts as high as 25mph at times. The other notable mention of the day goes to heat index values across the state. With dewpoints in the 70s and temps cranking into the mid to upper 90s, another run at heat index values of 105 will be made this afternoon. Rain chances will be in place across mainly northern Arkansas on Friday as a surface boundary approaches from the NW. Additionally, the H500 pattern begins to show signs of transitioning to more of an active period with more of a NW flow expected. Will have to keep an eye on temps/heat indices Friday as heat indices could approach heat advisory levels once again across the southern half of the state. Could see chances for a more notable thunderstorm complex approaching the state from the northwest late Friday night. LONG TERM...Saturday Through Wednesday As a ridge of high pressure weakens over the southeast United States, a cold front will be allowed to drop through the Ohio and Tennessee Valleys during the upcoming weekend. The front may actually make it into northeast Arkansas. Isolated to scattered showers and thunderstorms are in the forecast. Given more clouds, it will be slightly cooler. A few storms may be severe as the front nears the region. Damaging winds and hail will be the main concerns. An organized severe weather event is not expected at this point. Heavy downpours in the northeast half of the state may result in localized flash flooding. Heading into early next week, a big trough of low pressure will be noted out west. This will cause ridging farther east, and the front will be forced to move away from Arkansas to the north. The heat will return, and precipitation chances will decrease. Temperatures will be near to a little above average for much of the period. Readings may be a touch below average toward the Missouri border this weekend near the aforementioned front. && .LZK Watches/Warnings/Advisories... Heat Advisory from 10 AM this morning to 8 PM CDT this evening FOR Arkansas-Bradley-Calhoun-Clark-Cleburne-Cleveland-Conway- Dallas-Desha-Drew-Faulkner-Garland-Grant-Hot Spring-Independence- Jackson-Jefferson-Johnson-Lincoln-Logan-Lonoke-Monroe-Montgomery- Ouachita-Perry-Pike-Polk-Pope-Prairie-Pulaski-Saline-Scott-Van Buren-White-Woodruff-Yell. && $$ Aviation...226
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
National Weather Service San Diego CA
901 AM PDT FRI JUL 8 2016 .SYNOPSIS... Fair and seasonal weather will continue this coming week as a persistent summertime pattern continues. Expect lots of sunshine along with coastal clouds nights and mornings. A low pressure trough will bring slightly cooler weather along with some gusty winds in parts of the mountains and deserts on Sunday and Monday. A high pressure ridge will bring warmer weather Tuesday through Thursday and less extensive coastal clouds. && .DISCUSSION...FOR EXTREME SOUTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA INCLUDING ORANGE... SAN DIEGO...WESTERN RIVERSIDE AND SOUTHWESTERN SAN BERNARDINO COUNTIES... Low clouds were overall slightly less extensive at sunrise this morning than they were yesterday at that time. The marine layer depth was about the same while the cloud bases were a little higher. The result was a thinner cloud deck that cleared quickly this morning. Very similar weather will continue this coming week, but with some slight variations. A high pressure ridge over Texas will morph westward today and Saturday, which will suppress the marine layer and boost temperatures just a little. On Sunday a low pressure trough will move through the northwestern states. For us it will bring a coastal eddy that will deepen our marine layer and extend the coastal clouds farther inland Sunday and Monday. It will also bring some gusty westerly winds in parts of the mountains and deserts, particularly Sunday evening. Temperatures will drop a few degrees across the region those days. On Tuesday the high pressure ridge reasserts itself to start a warming trend. Higher daytime temperatures will result Tuesday through Thursday. && .AVIATION... 081530Z...Coast/Valleys...Stratus, with bases 1600-2000 ft MSL and tops near 2500 ft MSL, will clear over the valleys and coast by 17Z this morning. The marine layer inversion was around 9 C this morning. Far inland areas with vis of 3-5 SM HZ will improve to P6SM by 18Z. VFR conditions will prevail this afternoon, with low clouds redeveloping along the coast late this evening, with slightly lower tops and bases. Vis of 2-4 SM BR is expected over inland areas where low clouds near higher terrain. Mountains/Deserts...Clear with unrestricted vis through Saturday morning. Local West wind 25-35KT through and below the passes in Riverside and San Diego counties, with associated uddfs/llws this afternoon and evening. && .MARINE... 830 am...Westerly wind gusts near 20 kt will develop over the outer waters Sunday as an upper-level low pressure trough approaches the region. Otherwise, no hazardous marine weather is expected through Monday. && .BEACHES... 830 am...South swells from 190-210 degrees will peak 4 ft/12 seconds today and Saturday. This will generate surf of 3 to 5 ft and moderate to strong rip currents along south and southwest facing beaches through the weekend. Highest surf and greatest area of strong rip currents will be in northern Orange county. A Beach Hazard Statement is in effect through Sunday evening for Orange County. && .SKYWARN... Skywarn activation is not requested. However weather spotters are encouraged to report significant weather conditions. && .SGX Watches/Warnings/Advisories... CA...Beach Hazards Statement through Sunday evening for Orange County Coastal Areas. PZ...None. && $$ PUBLIC...MM AVIATION/MARINE/BEACHES...JJT
  [top] Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Phoenix AZ 840 AM MST FRI JUL 8 2016 && .SYNOPSIS... A dry and stable airmass will remain across much of the desert southwest through next week. Afternoon temperatures on the lower deserts will be a few degrees above normal, or in the 107 to 110 degree range. && .DISCUSSION... An extremely quiet morning (for early July) today as our typical monsoon moisture has been pushed off well to the south and east of our cwa. An indication of how dry the atmosphere is can be seen in the morning dewpoints across South-Central AZ, which are now mainly in the upper 30s and 40s, and in the 12Z PSR balloon sounding, which shows a PWAT of only 0.69 inch. The more typical 50 and 60 degree dewpoints have been pushed southward into the Tucson area and across extreme se AZ. Given the continued forecast for more westerly flow through the column across the region, and the latest HRRR high-res model run, which continues to keep all afternoon/evening convection well off to our south and east, the current forecast for near-zero pops across most of our cwa looks good, and no updates are planed at this time. && .PREVIOUS DISCUSSION... Today through Friday... Thursday evenings weather balloon soundings over AZ continued to detect remnant monsoon moisture mainly over the southeast quarter of the state. However PHX and TUS VAD wind profiles at 2 am mst showed low level west and northwest winds, indicative of drier air spreading in from the west. Yet despite remnant monsoon moisture yesterday, atmospheric mid levels were still too warm for any convective threats in our forecast area near Phoenix. Models however do forecast bouts of moisture seeps from Mexico, from occasional low level south winds, but mainly into far southeast AZ and outside our forecast area through the weekend. Besides, mid level temperatures stay fairly warm, providing a very stable afternoon airmass through next week. In fact the GFS model forecasts 500 mb temps to warm to minus 2 deg C over southern CA and southern AZ on Monday. This is rare and has happened about 2 or 3 times in 30 years. In fact a quick look at modeled 500 mb temperatures across the entire Pacific to Asia, even in the equatorial regions, show the minus 2 deg C in AZ to be warmest, with the exception of a modeled plus 6 deg C temp over Himalaya Mtns. Mt Everest at 29 K ft is 11K ft above the 500 mb level. Therefore dry and stable conditions are forecast the next seven days, with an extended break in the Monsoon. && .AVIATION... South-Central Arizona including KPHX, KIWA and KSDL: Generally clear skies to continue with some afternoon high based cu mainly situated over the high terrain to the east. Winds will follow typical diurnal patterns with occasionally gusty afternoon westerlies. Southeast California/Southwest Arizona including KIPL and KBLH: Southerly winds through the afternoon with winds shifting westerly at KIPL this evening. Winds will be breezy at KBLH this afternoon, but gusts should mostly remain less than 20 kts. Skies to remain clear. Aviation discussion not updated for amended TAFs. && .FIRE WEATHER... Sunday through Thursday... Unusually dry conditions to settle over the area throughout the weekend lasting through much of next week. With temperatures hovering near a warm seasonal average, minimum afternoon humidity levels will fall to around 10% over lower elevations, and 15-20% in higher terrain. Overnight recovery will only be fair. Occasionally breezy southwest afternoon winds will affect the region, however speeds will remain well below any critical thresholds. Overall, weather conditions will mirror a typical early/mid June versus mid July. && .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... Spotter activation is not expected. && .PSR WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... AZ...None. CA...None. && $$ Visit us on Facebook...Twitter...and at weather.gov/phoenix DISCUSSION...Percha/Vasquez AVIATION...Kuhlman FIRE WEATHER...Kuhlman
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
National Weather Service Eureka CA
428 AM PDT FRI JUL 8 2016 .SYNOPSIS...An unseasonably cool upper-level trough will bring significantly cooler temperatures and a chance of rain through the weekend. Tempertures will moderate across the interior for the by the middle of next week. && .DISCUSSION... .SHORT TERM... (Today through Sunday) Cooler and wetter conditions will return to most of the region during the next few days. An unseasonably strong upper-level trough is currently moving into the area. Several disturbances in the flow aloft will cross northern California over the next few days, bringing rounds of increasing ascent, which will aid in the coverage and intensity of any rainfall. The more favored locations for this will be across the northern half of the forecast area, as this region will reside under the jet stream aloft, which these disturbances will traverse in. Heading through the weekend, additional disturbances will continue to cross the area, as the trough digs farther south, lowering the mid-level heights while prolonging the rainfall potential through Sunday. Taking a closer look at the various model initializations/forecasts, they show precipital water values (PWATs) at 06z ranging from 0.5 to 0.75 inches across the Trinity horn, to ~0.75-1 inch along the Redwood coast, with a plume of >1.5 inches pointed towards the Oregon coast. This plume is forecast to drop south and have these PWATs increase from ~1 inch across Trinity county to the 1.4 to 1.6 inch range along and west of Highway 101 across Humboldt, and Del Norte counties by 15z, reaching the Mendocino coast after 00z. In fact, looking at current values to our north and cross-referencing with the SPC climatology page, the current values at Medford and Salem, Oregon are in the 90th to 95th percentile range. Given the very good model continuity and considering the various factors mentioned above, POPs were increased for most of the forecast area through Sunday. As mentioned in the forecast discussion from yesterday, rainfall records for today of 0.22 inches at Eureka and 0.62 inches at Crescent City could be in jeopardy of being tied or broken. With decreasing heights aloft, persistent cloud cover, and periods of rain, afternoon high temperatures will be cooler than average across the interior through the weekend, with coastal locations remaining near seasonal normals. .LONG TERM... (Monday through Thursday) A zonal flow will return to the region, with rising mid-level heights and temperatures at 850mb warming compared to this weekend. Northerly surface winds are expected to develop by Monday and persist through at least the middle of the week. This type of setup will allow temperatures to warm significantly across the interior valleys, while remaining close to normal near the coast. /PD && .AVIATION...A frontal band of cloudiness will continue to impact the Redwood Coast terminals this morning. Generally light rain will continue to shift SE, eventually spreading to KACV. The models disagree with the timing of this precipitation with the WRF bringing it to KACV by 14-15Z and the HRRR holding off until 00Z. The latest radar trends argue for an earlier timing, but much of this will likely be drizzle. However, deep layer moisture and orographic forcing should allow for periods of light rain as well. Rainfall should decrease in coverage and intensity by afternoon with a resurgence of light rain Friday night as the upper trough gets closer to the area. Generally VFR conditions are expected at KUKI until evening when low clouds are forecast to move into the area. Area-wide, winds are expected to remain fairly light. /SEC && .MARINE...Light winds are forecast to continue through the weekend with wind directions occasionally becoming southerly N of Cape Mendocino ahead of a few frontal troughs. N winds are expected to return by Sunday night with advisory level speeds possible in the southern offshore waters. More widespread northerlies are progged by the middle of the coming week as high pressure over the E Pacific rebuilds toward the area and the inland thermal trough sharpens. /SEC && .EKA Watches/Warnings/Advisories... CA...None. NORTHWEST CALIFORNIA COASTAL WATERS...None. && $$ Visit us at http://WWW.WEATHER.GOV/EUREKA Follow us on facebook and twitter at: http://www.facebook.com/NWSEureka http://www.twitter.com/nwseureka FOR FORECAST ZONE INFORMATION SEE FORECAST ZONE MAP ONLINE: http://www.weather.gov/eureka/zonemap.png
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS MIAMI FL
ISSUED BY NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE KEY WEST FL 1007 AM EDT FRI JUL 8 2016 .UPDATE... MORNING SOUNDING REMAINED LOW WITH PRECIPITABLE WATER JUST ABOVE 1.2 INCHES...SOLID DRYNESS ABOVE 960 MB. LIGHT EAST TO SOUTHEAST WINDS WERE NOTED OFF THE DECK WITH VERY LITTLE IF ANY STEERING ALOFT. FORECAST TEMPERATURES REMAINS ON TARGET WITH NEAR 90 COAST AND MID 90S INTERIOR, AND HEAT INDICES 103 TO 107 AWAY FROM THE COAST. ISOLATED TO SCATTERED CONVECTION WITH MID TO LATE AFTERNOON ONSET STILL APPEARS ON TAP FOR MAINLY INLAND PORTIONS AND BEST INITIATED NEAR SEABREEZE AND LAKE BOUNDARIES. && .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 756 AM EDT FRI JUL 8 2016/ AVIATION... VFR IS GENERALLY EXPECTED BUT THE HIGH RESOLUTION GUIDANCE IS STARTING TO HINT AT SOME CONVECTION BEING POSSIBLE INLAND CONVECTION THIS AFTERNOON. THERE MIGHT BE AN IMPACT TO THE TERMINALS WITH ANY CONVECTION REMAINING AS THE SEA BREEZES RETREAT. OVERNIGHT, CONVECTION SHOULD DIMINISH AND WINDS SHOULD BECOME LIGHTER. 02/RAG .DISCUSSION... STRONG UPPER LEVEL RIDGE IN PLACE WILL CONTINUE TO DOMINATE THE WEATHER PATTERN FOR TODAY AND SATURDAY WITH RELATIVELY DRIER AIR IN PLACE. THIS WILL LIMIT SHOWER ACTIVITY IN THE AFTERNOON/EVENING HRS THROUGH SATURDAY. A FEW SHOWERS MAY STILL DEVELOP MAINLY IN THE INTERIOR AND WEST. UPPER LEVEL RIDGE BEGINS TO WEAKEN AS SHORT WAVE TROUGH ENTERS THE NORTHEAST ATLANTIC COAST FRIDAY INTO SATURDAY. FORECAST SOUNDING INDICATE A SLIGHT INCREASES ON THE PWAT`S TO AROUND 1.6 IN BUT MOISTURE CONTENT IN THE MID LEVELS IS STILL VERY LIMITED. THIS WILL LIMIT THE POTENTIAL FOR SUSTAIN AFTERNOON CONVECTION. THERE IS STILL A CHANCE OF SOME SHOWERS DEVELOPING IN THE INTERIOR AND WEST. HIGH TEMPERATURES WILL STILL BE IN THE 90S ALONG THE ATLANTIC AND GULF COAST AND MID TO UPPER 90S IN THE INTERIOR. HEAT INDEX VALUES ARE FORECAST TO BE AROUND 101 TO 104 ALONG THE ATLANTIC COAST AND 104 TO 107 IN THE INTERIOR AND WEST GULF COAST. THE WEATHER PATTERN WILL NOT VARY MUCH BY THE END OF THE WEEKEND AND INTO THE NEXT WEEK AS SHORTWAVE LIFTS NORTHEAST WITH RIDGE BUILDING OVER THE REGION ONCE AGAIN. THE LACK OF MOISTURE IN THE MID LEVELS WILL STILL LIMIT THE POTENTIAL FOR TYPICAL SUMMER AFTERNOON/EVENING CONVECTION. HOWEVER, A FEW ISOLATED SHOWERS CAN NOT BE RULED OUT IN THE INTERIOR AND WEST BY THE LATE AFTERNOON HOUR THROUGH THE WEEK. HIGH TEMPERATURES RETURN TO NEAR SEASONAL NORMAL WITH HEAT INDEX AROUND 101 TO 105THROUGH MID WEEK. && .MARINE... AS HIGH PRESSURE REMAINS IN CONTROL OVER THE ATLANTIC WATERS, A LIGHT TO MODERATE SOUTHEAST FLOW PREVAILS THROUGH MUCH OF THE PERIOD OVER THE ATLANTIC WATERS. WEAK GRADIENT ALONG THE COAST AND LIGHT SOUTHEAST FLOW WILL KEEP SEAS AROUND 2 FEET OR LESS THROUGH THE FORECAST PERIOD. && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... WEST PALM BEACH 93 80 92 79 / 10 0 10 20 FORT LAUDERDALE 92 81 92 81 / 10 10 10 20 MIAMI 93 80 93 80 / 20 10 10 20 NAPLES 92 78 92 77 / 20 10 30 20 && .MFL WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... FL...NONE. AM...NONE. GM...NONE. && $$ AVIATION...02/RAG/35/JR SHORT TERM...35/JR
  [top] Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Melbourne FL 940 AM EDT FRI JUL 8 2016 .DISCUSSION... ...Continued Hot and Humid with Isolated to Scattered Late Afternoon Storms... .UPDATE...The central Florida peninsula is between two upper lows this morning one well west across the central Gulf of Mexico and another about 350 miles east of Grand Bahama Island. At the mid levels...a weak H5 ridge center was off the SW FL coast with a 500 mb trough dropping se off the SE Atlc coast through the day and bringing increasing mid layer northerly flow behind this feature toward evening. The sfc ridge extends across S FL into the ern Gulf with low lvl SW flow veering some to the NW-W across the north through the day. Morning soundings show PWATs around 1.6-1.7 inches from Tampa to the Cape with warm mid level temps at H7 around 11 degs C. H5 temps have cooled to -8 to -9 C though which may portend some stronger late day convection with mid level vort dropping down from the nrn peninsula twd early evening. Higher resolution short range models indicate some increase in convection from yesterday though HRRR again looks over done on coverage. NSSL WRF and 4km WRF for SPC has somewhat later convective development than local WRFs and recent HRRR runs with convection favored across areas from the srn interior up to Orlando and Volusia/nrn Brevard into the evening. Made some slight adjustments to temps in a few spots and increased pops to 30 pct for srn interior areas south of a subtle sfc trough feature and where best late day convergence may occur south of this boundary. Overall though another hot and humid day with highs from 92-95 across the coastal counties and 94-98 across the interior. Heat indices will peak from 103 to 107 degrees for much of the area. && .AVIATION... Mainly VFR through 18z then continue VCTS for KDAB and interior terminals this afternoon. Will consider need for any TEMPO groups with convective trends into this afternoon but coverage expected to be isolated, with slightly higher coverage possible across the interior from KMCO southward. && .MARINE... SSW/SW winds across the waters this morning will become SE near the coast this afternoon to 10-15 knots. seas 2 ft near shore to 3 ft well offshore. Little change to forecast with CWF update. && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... DAB 95 76 94 76 / 20 20 20 10 MCO 96 76 95 76 / 20 20 20 10 MLB 94 77 92 76 / 10 10 20 10 VRB 94 75 92 75 / 10 10 10 10 LEE 97 77 96 77 / 20 20 20 10 SFB 98 77 96 77 / 20 20 20 10 ORL 97 78 95 78 / 20 20 20 10 FPR 93 73 92 75 / 10 10 10 10 && .MLB Watches/Warnings/Advisories... FL...None. AM...None. && $$ Volkmer/Bragaw
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
National Weather Service Topeka KS
623 AM CDT FRI JUL 8 2016 ...Update to aviation forecast discussion... .SHORT TERM...(Today and Tonight) Issued at 326 AM CDT FRI JUL 8 2016 An amplified upper level trough across the upper midwest early this morning will move east across the eastern Great Lakes Tonight. The upper flow across eastern KS will weaken and shift to the northwest through Tonight as an upper level ridge amplifies across the high plains. At the surface a weak cold front front extended from northwest MO, southwest through Topeka, then west southwest across western KS. An out flow boundary extended from northwest OK, northeast into south central KS, then extended east across southeast KS. North of the boundary a few showers and thunderstorms continued to develop across southeast KS early this morning. A complex of storms that developed across the northern TX PNHDL has amplified an MCV across southwest KS. Most models show the weak front becoming stationary south of the CWA through the mid morning hours with frontolysis occurring through the afternoon hours across western KS. The NAM and GFS models show the MCV over southwest KS shifting east across the southern counties of the CWA through the late morning and afternoon hours which may provide enough ascent for showers and thunderstorms to develop. If these solution are accurate, then there will be chances for showers and thunderstorms south of I-70, beginning across the southwest counties during the late morning hours and expanding east across the southern half of the CWA during the early and mid afternoon hours. The mesocale models, such as the HRRR, WRF and RAP show the MCV weakening and no precip developing through the day. Highs today will reach the upper 80s to lower 90s with heat indices in the mid to upper 90s Tonight, all the numerical models show that any complex of storms that develop across eastern CO during the evening hours will track southeast across southwest KS into northern OK. There could be enough isentropic lift after mid night on the northern and eastern edge of the deeper moisture return across central and western KS for scattered elevate thunderstorms to develop across the southwest and southern counties of the CWA. .LONG TERM...(Saturday through Thursday) Issued at 326 AM CDT FRI JUL 8 2016 The weekend will see slight chance POPs over the area to begin with. Weak isentropic lift sets up in the morning over northeastern Kansas on Saturday as weak shortwaves pass overhead into the day. Forcing is weak overall, so much of this could just result in enhanced cloud cover rather than any widespread showers and isolated thunderstorms. There will still be plenty of instability with dewpoints still forecast to be in the upper 60s and low 70s. As a North Pac Low deepens and digs into the Pacific Northwest, mid to upper level ridging will amplify over the Central and Northern Plains into Sunday and should see mainly dry conditions set up over the region with good mixing into the afternoon. Therefore, expecting temps to rise into the low and possibly mid 90s. This will bring heat index values up to around or into the low 100s. Not anticipating headlines at this time for an advisory though. It may be something to watch if we can hold off more cloud cover and temps rise a bit more. Monday into the Monday night time frame, the North Pac Low will deepen and take on a negative tilt as it lifts into the Northern Plains. A modified cold boundary will move into the Central Plains and stall out as this system lifts into Central Canada. Greatest chance POPs will likely be overnight Monday as the best shear zone advects overhead with the mean trough. At least this appears to be the best chance for any organized storms to form. A strong EML will have also set up over the Central Plains, so it may be too capped for development to take place, but mainly elevated storms look like the best possibility which if they form could create some strong gusty winds and hail. Still difficult to eliminate precip chances out of subsequent periods as quasi-zonal flow regime sets up and weak impulses traverse overhead. Still looks like possibility remains for off and on showers and storms into the Friday time frame with a stationary boundary likely lingering over the Central Plains into the Mid-MS Valley. With no strong movement in the overall pattern, expecting temps to remain seasonal with heat index values around the upper 90s and 100 degree mark. && .AVIATION...(For the 12Z TAFS through 12Z Saturday Morning) Issued at 622 AM CDT FRI JUL 8 2016 VFR conditions are forecast through the period. Storms this morning will stay south of the terminals. There is a possibility for convection overnight, but for now the best chances stay south of the terminals. && .TOP Watches/Warnings/Advisories... NONE. && $$ SHORT TERM...Gargan LONG TERM...Drake AVIATION...Heller Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Little Rock AR 305 PM CDT FRI JUL 8 2016 .SHORT TERM...Tonight through Saturday Night Sctd SHRA/TSRA have rapidly formed acrs parts of N-CNTRL and NERN AR this aftn...assocd with MCV that worked into NW AR earlier in the day. Severe t-storm watch in effect for those areas until 9 pm tngt. Have adjusted POPS accordingly to reflect current trends...with dcrsg coverage expected later this evening as the upr energy shifts away fm the FA. Upr rdg is fcst to contract ovr the FA heading into weekend... allowing a series of upr impulses to move SEWD acrs AR. This wl result in several more convective complexes to form upstream and eventually affect the region. Timing and coverage of each sys wl be the main fcst concern. Still expect to see the best chcs acrs the NERN half of the FA thru Sat ngt. Rainfall amts upwards of an inch or two can be expected ovr NRN AR...with lesser chcs the further S you go. Rain and clouds wl hold down high temps ovr NRN and parts of CNTRL AR...with the warmest readings in the SRN part of the CWA. && .Long Term...Sunday Through Friday The extended forecast will start with rain in the forecast with the nearly stalled frontal boundary over AR. The best chances will be over central and northern AR on Sunday, then as the boundary is expected to lift northward on Monday, a lower chance and more in the east to northeast will be seen. On Tuesday and much of the rest of the week, a more isolated afternoon to evening chance of convection will be seen during the heat of the day...as the upper high pressure ridge builds more into the Plains and caps some of the potential. The overall chance of strong to severe storms will be low and isolated. Otherwise...Temperatures will generally run above normal values...as humidity levels remain high. Heat index values will also remain in the 90s to 100 degrees to around 105 most days. && .LZK Watches/Warnings/Advisories...NONE. && $$ Short Term...44 / Long Term...59
Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Little Rock AR 112 PM CDT FRI JUL 8 2016 .AVIATION...08/18Z Taf Cycle Remnants from morning MCS now affecting parts of NWRN AR. Expect additional sctd SHRA/TSRA to form this aftn acrs NRN and WRN AR along assocd outflow bndry/s. Have TEMPO groups at KHRO and KBPK this aftn to account for this. Outside of convection...VFR conds wl prevail thru the pd. Cannot rule out some SCTD low clouds again Sat mrng...but moisture lvls not as abundant to mention any CIGS attm. /44/ && .PREV DISCUSSION...(ISSUED 1139 AM CDT FRI JUL 8 2016) UPDATE... Cont to monitor convective trends to our NW this mrng. MCS conts to work EWD this aftn and affect mainly the NRN third of the FA. While an overall weakening trend has been noted...expect storms to refire as we apch max aftn heating. Some sctd SHRA/TSRA has formed in the last hour over parts of W-CNTRL AR in the vcnty of the an assocd outflow bndry and along the SERN periphery of the higher lvl cloud shield. Just made some minor adjustments to POPS this aftn to account for radar/Hi-Res model trends. As expected...high temps ovr N AR wl be held down some by abundant clouds/rain chcs. Cannot rule out a few strong/svr storms this aftn as well...with gusty winds being the main concern. Rest of fcst in good shape. All updates are out. /44/ PREV DISCUSSION...(ISSUED 354 AM CDT FRI JUL 8 2016) SHORT TERM...Today Through Saturday Night Once again, surface analysis indicates ridge of high pressure located southeast of the state with low pressure situated over the TX/OK panhandles. A frontal boundary stretches from the TX/OK panhandles northeastward toward Chicago. Several series of thunderstorm complexes can be seen on NWS radar network early this morning, from northern Oklahoma into southern Kansas as well as across northern Arkansas into southern Missouri. Better rain chances will be in the forecast during the short term period as the upper ridge across the southern US begins to retreat westward a bit providing more of a NW flow aloft over the state. Several upper level shortwave troughs will move along this flow and interact with the boundary at the surface which will be positioned across northern Arkansas the next few days. Potential is there for remnant thunderstorm complexes to move over the state Saturday and Sunday morning, similar to what has been seen across Kansas and Missouri the last few days. Even with rainfall chances in the forecast and more widespread cloud cover noted, only northern Arkansas will see a legitimate break from summertime heat. It will still be quite warm across central and southern areas. Winds will be enhanced again today with breezy conditions out of the southwest. Even lighter winds expected Saturday. LONG TERM...Sunday Through Thursday A weakness in the ridge of high pressure over the southeast United States coupled with a storm system aloft over southern Missouri will yield isolated to scattered showers and thunderstorms in Arkansas Sunday. At the surface, a weak stationary front will be draped across northeast sections of the state, which is close to the periphery of the ridge. Precipitation coverage will be greatest north/east of Little Rock nearest the front. A few storms may be severe. Damaging winds and hail will be the main concerns. An organized severe weather event is not expected. Heavy downpours in the northeast half of the state may result in localized flash flooding. Heading into early next week, a big trough of low pressure will wobble from the Rockies to the upper Midwest. This will cause ridging farther east, and the front will be forced to move away from Arkansas to the north. The heat will return, and precipitation chances will decrease. Temperatures will be near to a little above average for much of the period. As the period begins, readings may be a touch below average toward the Missouri border near the aforementioned front. && .LZK Watches/Warnings/Advisories...NONE. && $$
Area Forecast Discussion...UPDATED National Weather Service Little Rock AR 1139 AM CDT FRI JUL 8 2016 .UPDATE... Cont to monitor convective trends to our NW this mrng. MCS conts to work EWD this aftn and affect mainly the NRN third of the FA. While an overall weakening trend has been noted...expect storms to refire as we apch max aftn heating. Some sctd SHRA/TSRA has formed in the last hour over parts of W-CNTRL AR in the vcnty of the an assocd outflow bndry and along the SERN periphery of the higher lvl cloud shield. Just made some minor adjustments to POPS this aftn to account for radar/Hi-Res model trends. As expected...high temps ovr N AR wl be held down some by abundant clouds/rain chcs. Cannot rule out a few strong/svr storms this aftn as well...with gusty winds being the main concern. Rest of fcst in good shape. All updates are out. /44/ && .PREV DISCUSSION...(ISSUED 354 AM CDT FRI JUL 8 2016) SHORT TERM...Today Through Saturday Night Once again, surface analysis indicates ridge of high pressure located southeast of the state with low pressure situated over the TX/OK panhandles. A frontal boundary stretches from the TX/OK panhandles northeastward toward Chicago. Several series of thunderstorm complexes can be seen on NWS radar network early this morning, from northern Oklahoma into southern Kansas as well as across northern Arkansas into southern Missouri. Better rain chances will be in the forecast during the short term period as the upper ridge across the southern US begins to retreat westward a bit providing more of a NW flow aloft over the state. Several upper level shortwave troughs will move along this flow and interact with the boundary at the surface which will be positioned across northern Arkansas the next few days. Potential is there for remnant thunderstorm complexes to move over the state Saturday and Sunday morning, similar to what has been seen across Kansas and Missouri the last few days. Even with rainfall chances in the forecast and more widespread cloud cover noted, only northern Arkansas will see a legitimate break from summertime heat. It will still be quite warm across central and southern areas. Winds will be enhanced again today with breezy conditions out of the southwest. Even lighter winds expected Saturday. LONG TERM...Sunday Through Thursday A weakness in the ridge of high pressure over the southeast United States coupled with a storm system aloft over southern Missouri will yield isolated to scattered showers and thunderstorms in Arkansas Sunday. At the surface, a weak stationary front will be draped across northeast sections of the state, which is close to the periphery of the ridge. Precipitation coverage will be greatest north/east of Little Rock nearest the front. A few storms may be severe. Damaging winds and hail will be the main concerns. An organized severe weather event is not expected. Heavy downpours in the northeast half of the state may result in localized flash flooding. Heading into early next week, a big trough of low pressure will wobble from the Rockies to the upper Midwest. This will cause ridging farther east, and the front will be forced to move away from Arkansas to the north. The heat will return, and precipitation chances will decrease. Temperatures will be near to a little above average for much of the period. As the period begins, readings may be a touch below average toward the Missouri border near the aforementioned front. && .LZK Watches/Warnings/Advisories...NONE. && $$
Area Forecast Discussion...UPDATED National Weather Service Little Rock AR 620 AM CDT FRI JUL 8 2016 .UPDATE... Updated to include 12z aviation discussion. && .AVIATION... Some patchy MVFR 1500-2000ft ceilings possible around central and southern AR terminals the next few hours, then mainly VFR conditions expected. Winds out of the SW today 7-12kts gusting as high as 20kts at times. Could see isolated/scattered SH/TS activity across mainly northern areas this afternoon/evening and then again after midnight. Widespread mid/high clouds will be in place for much of the TAF period as well. && .PREV DISCUSSION...(ISSUED 354 AM CDT FRI JUL 8 2016 ) SHORT TERM...Today Through Saturday Night Once again, surface analysis indicates ridge of high pressure located southeast of the state with low pressure situated over the TX/OK panhandles. A frontal boundary stretches from the TX/OK panhandles northeastward toward Chicago. Several series of thunderstorm complexes can be seen on NWS radar network early this morning, from northern Oklahoma into southern Kansas as well as across northern Arkansas into southern Missouri. Better rain chances will be in the forecast during the short term period as the upper ridge across the southern US begins to retreat westward a bit providing more of a NW flow aloft over the state. Several upper level shortwave troughs will move along this flow and interact with the boundary at the surface which will be positioned across northern Arkansas the next few days. Potential is there for remnant thunderstorm complexes to move over the state Saturday and Sunday morning, similar to what has been seen across Kansas and Missouri the last few days. Even with rainfall chances in the forecast and more widespread cloud cover noted, only northern Arkansas will see a legitimate break from summertime heat. It will still be quite warm across central and southern areas. Winds will be enhanced again today with breezy conditions out of the southwest. Even lighter winds expected Saturday. LONG TERM...Sunday Through Thursday A weakness in the ridge of high pressure over the southeast United States coupled with a storm system aloft over southern Missouri will yield isolated to scattered showers and thunderstorms in Arkansas Sunday. At the surface, a weak stationary front will be draped across northeast sections of the state, which is close to the periphery of the ridge. Precipitation coverage will be greatest north/east of Little Rock nearest the front. A few storms may be severe. Damaging winds and hail will be the main concerns. An organized severe weather event is not expected. Heavy downpours in the northeast half of the state may result in localized flash flooding. Heading into early next week, a big trough of low pressure will wobble from the Rockies to the upper Midwest. This will cause ridging farther east, and the front will be forced to move away from Arkansas to the north. The heat will return, and precipitation chances will decrease. Temperatures will be near to a little above average for much of the period. As the period begins, readings may be a touch below average toward the Missouri border near the aforementioned front. && .LZK Watches/Warnings/Advisories...NONE. && $$ Aviation...226
Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Little Rock AR 354 AM CDT FRI JUL 8 2016 .SHORT TERM...Today Through Saturday Night Once again, surface analysis indicates ridge of high pressure located southeast of the state with low pressure situated over the TX/OK panhandles. A frontal boundary stretches from the TX/OK panhandles northeastward toward Chicago. Several series of thunderstorm complexes can be seen on NWS radar network early this morning, from northern Oklahoma into southern Kansas as well as across northern Arkansas into southern Missouri. Better rain chances will be in the forecast during the short term period as the upper ridge across the southern US begins to retreat westward a bit providing more of a NW flow aloft over the state. Several upper level shortwave troughs will move along this flow and interact with the boundary at the surface which will be positioned across northern Arkansas the next few days. Potential is there for remnant thunderstorm complexes to move over the state Saturday and Sunday morning, similar to what has been seen across Kansas and Missouri the last few days. Even with rainfall chances in the forecast and more widespread cloud cover noted, only northern Arkansas will see a legitimate break from summertime heat. It will still be quite warm across central and southern areas. Winds will be enhanced again today with breezy conditions out of the southwest. Even lighter winds expected Saturday. && .LONG TERM...Sunday Through Thursday A weakness in the ridge of high pressure over the southeast United States coupled with a storm system aloft over southern Missouri will yield isolated to scattered showers and thunderstorms in Arkansas Sunday. At the surface, a weak stationary front will be draped across northeast sections of the state, which is close to the periphery of the ridge. Precipitation coverage will be greatest north/east of Little Rock nearest the front. A few storms may be severe. Damaging winds and hail will be the main concerns. An organized severe weather event is not expected. Heavy downpours in the northeast half of the state may result in localized flash flooding. Heading into early next week, a big trough of low pressure will wobble from the Rockies to the upper Midwest. This will cause ridging farther east, and the front will be forced to move away from Arkansas to the north. The heat will return, and precipitation chances will decrease. Temperatures will be near to a little above average for much of the period. As the period begins, readings may be a touch below average toward the Missouri border near the aforementioned front. && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... Batesville AR 93 74 87 72 / 40 30 50 60 Camden AR 97 77 96 75 / 10 20 30 30 Harrison AR 89 71 84 69 / 50 50 50 50 Hot Springs AR 95 77 92 75 / 20 30 40 30 Little Rock AR 96 78 93 76 / 20 30 40 40 Monticello AR 96 79 95 76 / 10 20 30 30 Mount Ida AR 94 75 92 73 / 20 30 40 30 Mountain Home AR 90 72 85 70 / 50 50 50 60 Newport AR 94 75 88 73 / 40 30 50 50 Pine Bluff AR 95 78 92 75 / 20 20 40 30 Russellville AR 94 76 90 74 / 20 40 50 40 Searcy AR 95 76 91 73 / 20 30 50 50 Stuttgart AR 95 77 92 75 / 20 20 40 40 && .LZK Watches/Warnings/Advisories...NONE. && $$ Short Term...226 / Long Term...46
Area Forecast Discussion...UPDATED National Weather Service Little Rock AR 1225 AM CDT FRI JUL 8 2016 .UPDATE... Updated to include 06z aviation discussion. && .AVIATION... Showers and thunderstorms slowly moving SE out of SW MO and SE KS this morning may bring vicinity SH/TS activity to northern AR terminals this morning as they dissipate. Otherwise, MVFR ceilings expected across central/southern AR around daybreak once again with primarily VFR conditions seen otherwise. Winds will be out of the SW again with speeds of 8-12kts and gusts to 20kts at times. && .PREV DISCUSSION...(ISSUED 711 PM CDT THU JUL 7 2016 ) AVIATION...08/00z Taf Cycle Look for VFR conds to cont thru much of pd. Sct-bkn low clouds wl again dvlp toward sunrise Fri...mainly acrs CNTRL and SRN AR... resulting in ocnl MVFR cigs. Hi-Res model data conts to suggest a complex of storms forming forming later tngt acrs SRN KS... eventually working SEWD into parts of NW AR Fri mrng. Included PROB30 groups at KHRO and KBPK to account for any storms that may form along residual small scale bndry`s later in the day. /44/ PREV DISCUSSION...(ISSUED 252 PM CDT THU JUL 7 2016) DISCUSSION... Main concerns in this forecast cycle are chances of convection each day, and if any would be strong to severe storm. Also due to heat and humidity, heat advisories may be needed. Earlier convection over northern AR associated with MCV moved through southern MO and is now well east. It did develop isolated convection to as far south as central AR. Also, the convection was associated with short wave energy moving through the northwest upper flow. Breezy south to southwest winds of 10 to 20 with gusts to 25 mph across AR have been seen today, but have overall remained below lake wind advisory levels. Temperatures have made it to the 90s today over central to southern AR, while 70s to 80s over the convection areas of northern AR. Heat index values have reached from 100 to around 105 degrees over most locations. SHORT TERM...Today Through Friday Night Forecast will start with a chance to slight chance of late afternoon to evening convection over northern to central AR. After sunset, all convection is expected to weaken and dissipate. Late tonight, a frontal boundary is forecast to sag southeastward toward AR, and chances of convection come back in the forecast for mainly northern areas Friday, then the northern half on Saturday. Also at this time, due to in-place moisture and instability, along with some lift, SPC has issued a marginal to slight risk of severe storms for the northern half of AR. Damaging winds and large hail will be the primary threats. Temperatures on Friday will be similar to Thursday, but heat index values are only around 105 in spots. At this time will hold off on any advisory for Friday. Likewise, surface wind speeds will remain elevated on Friday, but as the front sags south, gradient will be not as likely to reach lake wind advisory levels. LONG TERM...Saturday Through Thursday Saturday and Sunday... Model guidance is consistent in indicating that a weak shortwave trough will move southeast towards Arkansas on Saturday...spreading weak large scale forcing for ascent over southern Missouri and northern Arkansas Saturday afternoon. In addition to supplying some weak large scale ascent...this trough is likely to force the persistent baroclinic zone/nearly stationary front currently located near a Kansas City to Paducah line to the southwest towards northern Arkansas. Forecast guidance indicates that a ridge of low-level theta-e will consolidate along this stationary front as it will effectively act like a deformation zone in the low-level flow field with the axis of convective enhancement oriented along the axis of the frontal boundary. This flow field configuration should keep a steady supply of warm and humid air flowing into this theta-e ridge throughout the day on Saturday...setting the stage for a favorable corridor for scattered to numerous thunderstorms from Saturday through Saturday evening. This corridor of storms is likely to remain focused along the Missouri/Arkansas border...however the more storms that develop along the boundary...the higher the potential for the boundary to sag farther south on Saturday. Went ahead with 40-60 POPS from northern to central Arkansas on Saturday to account for this set up. This type of environment supports a threat for flash flooding...however at this time the forcing looks a bit to weak to consider a flash flood watch. Will watch the evolution of this environment closely in the coming days. The largest source of uncertainty for this forecast period is what will happen to the shortwave trough on Sunday into Sunday night. Forecast model guidance indicates that the upper trough will intensify (depending on where you look) and almost become a cut off low by Sunday afternoon over the MO/AR border. The intensification of this trough may not take place though the strength of this trough appears to be dependent upon diabatic contributions which convective parameterizing models can struggle with when the primary diabatic contributer is latent heat release from convection. Taking a vertical cross section through the model depiction of the cut off low reveals a potential vorticity distribution characterized by a sudden intensification in mid-level PV and a sudden decrease in PV at the tropopause level. This signal is a classic depiction of the creation/destruction cycle of PV associated with latent heat release in the troposphere. It is certainly possible that the models are right with this forecast...but this process essentially means that a large and sustained cluster of convection is responsible for intensifying the "upper" trough. If that convection is misplaced or weaker than expected it will have a dramatic effect on the remainder of the forecast as the upper level trough will actually be much farther downstream. Because the boundary is expected to remain quasi-stationary on Sunday...favored the GFS forecast for an intensifying mid-level PV anomaly/trough with this forecast and kept POPs high across northern and central Arkansas on Sunday. Keep in mind that if convection is not as extensive or long-lived on Saturday that the Sunday convection will likely be displaced pretty far off to the southeast on Sunday. At any rate...the NAM/GFS/ECMWF all offer up a similar type of dynamic solution this weekend...with slight differences in timing and intensity of course. Assuming these models are accurate...another round of scattered to numerous showers and thunderstorms are likely across central and northern Arkansas Sunday into Sunday night. Monday through Thursday... With quite a bit of uncertainty in the forecast just this weekend... the forecast for showers and thunderstorms across Arkansas on Monday is fairly low at this time. The shortwave trough/mid-level PV anomaly should have moved east or southeast of Arkansas by Monday...so anticipate that the coverage of any showers or storms will be much lower on Monday compared to this weekend. If the boundary remains in tact this feature by itself could set off a focused area of showers and storms Monday afternoon. Kept POPs in the 20 to 30 percent range for now on Monday with highest confidence in the upper trough being off to the east limiting the coverage of precipitation. The remainder of the week looks to remain warm with low rain chances each day. Kept POPs in the 10 to 20 percent range each day for now with no synoptic features evident in the forecast near Arkansas for the middle of next week. && .LZK Watches/Warnings/Advisories...NONE. && $$ Aviation...226
Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Little Rock AR 711 PM CDT THU JUL 7 2016 .AVIATION...08/00z Taf Cycle Look for VFR conds to cont thru much of pd. Sct-bkn low clouds wl again dvlp toward sunrise Fri...mainly acrs CNTRL and SRN AR... resulting in ocnl MVFR cigs. Hi-Res model data conts to suggest a complex of storms forming forming later tngt acrs SRN KS... eventually working SEWD into parts of NW AR Fri mrng. Included PROB30 groups at KHRO and KBPK to account for any storms that may form along residual small scale bndry`s later in the day. /44/ && .PREV DISCUSSION...(ISSUED 252 PM CDT THU JUL 7 2016) DISCUSSION... Main concerns in this forecast cycle are chances of convection each day, and if any would be strong to severe storm. Also due to heat and humidity, heat advisories may be needed. Earlier convection over northern AR associated with MCV moved through southern MO and is now well east. It did develop isolated convection to as far south as central AR. Also, the convection was associated with short wave energy moving through the northwest upper flow. Breezy south to southwest winds of 10 to 20 with gusts to 25 mph across AR have been seen today, but have overall remained below lake wind advisory levels. Temperatures have made it to the 90s today over central to southern AR, while 70s to 80s over the convection areas of northern AR. Heat index values have reached from 100 to around 105 degrees over most locations. SHORT TERM...Today Through Friday Night Forecast will start with a chance to slight chance of late afternoon to evening convection over northern to central AR. After sunset, all convection is expected to weaken and dissipate. Late tonight, a frontal boundary is forecast to sag southeastward toward AR, and chances of convection come back in the forecast for mainly northern areas Friday, then the northern half on Saturday. Also at this time, due to in-place moisture and instability, along with some lift, SPC has issued a marginal to slight risk of severe storms for the northern half of AR. Damaging winds and large hail will be the primary threats. Temperatures on Friday will be similar to Thursday, but heat index values are only around 105 in spots. At this time will hold off on any advisory for Friday. Likewise, surface wind speeds will remain elevated on Friday, but as the front sags south, gradient will be not as likely to reach lake wind advisory levels. LONG TERM...Saturday Through Thursday Saturday and Sunday... Model guidance is consistent in indicating that a weak shortwave trough will move southeast towards Arkansas on Saturday...spreading weak large scale forcing for ascent over southern Missouri and northern Arkansas Saturday afternoon. In addition to supplying some weak large scale ascent...this trough is likely to force the persistent baroclinic zone/nearly stationary front currently located near a Kansas City to Paducah line to the southwest towards northern Arkansas. Forecast guidance indicates that a ridge of low-level theta-e will consolidate along this stationary front as it will effectively act like a deformation zone in the low-level flow field with the axis of convective enhancement oriented along the axis of the frontal boundary. This flow field configuration should keep a steady supply of warm and humid air flowing into this theta-e ridge throughout the day on Saturday...setting the stage for a favorable corridor for scattered to numerous thunderstorms from Saturday through Saturday evening. This corridor of storms is likely to remain focused along the Missouri/Arkansas border...however the more storms that develop along the boundary...the higher the potential for the boundary to sag farther south on Saturday. Went ahead with 40-60 POPS from northern to central Arkansas on Saturday to account for this set up. This type of environment supports a threat for flash flooding...however at this time the forcing looks a bit to weak to consider a flash flood watch. Will watch the evolution of this environment closely in the coming days. The largest source of uncertainty for this forecast period is what will happen to the shortwave trough on Sunday into Sunday night. Forecast model guidance indicates that the upper trough will intensify (depending on where you look) and almost become a cut off low by Sunday afternoon over the MO/AR border. The intensification of this trough may not take place though the strength of this trough appears to be dependent upon diabatic contributions which convective parameterizing models can struggle with when the primary diabatic contributer is latent heat release from convection. Taking a vertical cross section through the model depiction of the cut off low reveals a potential vorticity distribution characterized by a sudden intensification in mid-level PV and a sudden decrease in PV at the tropopause level. This signal is a classic depiction of the creation/destruction cycle of PV associated with latent heat release in the troposphere. It is certainly possible that the models are right with this forecast...but this process essentially means that a large and sustained cluster of convection is responsible for intensifying the "upper" trough. If that convection is misplaced or weaker than expected it will have a dramatic effect on the remainder of the forecast as the upper level trough will actually be much farther downstream. Because the boundary is expected to remain quasi-stationary on Sunday...favored the GFS forecast for an intensifying mid-level PV anomaly/trough with this forecast and kept POPs high across northern and central Arkansas on Sunday. Keep in mind that if convection is not as extensive or long-lived on Saturday that the Sunday convection will likely be displaced pretty far off to the southeast on Sunday. At any rate...the NAM/GFS/ECMWF all offer up a similar type of dynamic solution this weekend...with slight differences in timing and intensity of course. Assuming these models are accurate...another round of scattered to numerous showers and thunderstorms are likely across central and northern Arkansas Sunday into Sunday night. Monday through Thursday... With quite a bit of uncertainty in the forecast just this weekend... the forecast for showers and thunderstorms across Arkansas on Monday is fairly low at this time. The shortwave trough/mid-level PV anomaly should have moved east or southeast of Arkansas by Monday...so anticipate that the coverage of any showers or storms will be much lower on Monday compared to this weekend. If the boundary remains in tact this feature by itself could set off a focused area of showers and storms Monday afternoon. Kept POPs in the 20 to 30 percent range for now on Monday with highest confidence in the upper trough being off to the east limiting the coverage of precipitation. The remainder of the week looks to remain warm with low rain chances each day. Kept POPs in the 10 to 20 percent range each day for now with no synoptic features evident in the forecast near Arkansas for the middle of next week. && .LZK Watches/Warnings/Advisories... Heat Advisory until 8 PM CDT this evening FOR Arkansas-Bradley- Calhoun-Clark-Cleburne-Cleveland-Conway-Dallas-Desha-Drew- Faulkner-Garland-Grant-Hot Spring-Independence-Jackson-Jefferson- Johnson-Lincoln-Logan-Lonoke-Monroe-Montgomery-Ouachita-Perry- Pike-Polk-Pope-Prairie-Pulaski-Saline-Scott-Van Buren-White- Woodruff-Yell. && $$
Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Little Rock AR 252 PM CDT THU JUL 7 2016 .DISCUSSION... Main concerns in this forecast cycle are chances of convection each day, and if any would be strong to severe storm. Also due to heat and humidity, heat advisories may be needed. Earlier convection over northern AR associated with MCV moved through southern MO and is now well east. It did develop isolated convection to as far south as central AR. Also, the convection was associated with short wave energy moving through the northwest upper flow. Breezy south to southwest winds of 10 to 20 with gusts to 25 mph across AR have been seen today, but have overall remained below lake wind advisory levels. Temperatures have made it to the 90s today over central to southern AR, while 70s to 80s over the convection areas of northern AR. Heat index values have reached from 100 to around 105 degrees over most locations. && .SHORT TERM...Today Through Friday Night Forecast will start with a chance to slight chance of late afternoon to evening convection over northern to central AR. After sunset, all convection is expected to weaken and dissipate. Late tonight, a frontal boundary is forecast to sag southeastward toward AR, and chances of convection come back in the forecast for mainly northern areas Friday, then the northern half on Saturday. Also at this time, due to in-place moisture and instability, along with some lift, SPC has issued a marginal to slight risk of severe storms for the northern half of AR. Damaging winds and large hail will be the primary threats. Temperatures on Friday will be similar to Thursday, but heat index values are only around 105 in spots. At this time will hold off on any advisory for Friday. Likewise, surface wind speeds will remain elevated on Friday, but as the front sags south, gradient will be not as likely to reach lake wind advisory levels. && .LONG TERM...Saturday Through Thursday Saturday and Sunday... Model guidance is consistent in indicating that a weak shortwave trough will move southeast towards Arkansas on Saturday...spreading weak large scale forcing for ascent over southern Missouri and northern Arkansas Saturday afternoon. In addition to supplying some weak large scale ascent...this trough is likely to force the persistent baroclinic zone/nearly stationary front currently located near a Kansas City to Paducah line to the southwest towards northern Arkansas. Forecast guidance indicates that a ridge of low-level theta-e will consolidate along this stationary front as it will effectively act like a deformation zone in the low-level flow field with the axis of convective enhancement oriented along the axis of the frontal boundary. This flow field configuration should keep a steady supply of warm and humid air flowing into this theta-e ridge throughout the day on Saturday...setting the stage for a favorable corridor for scattered to numerous thunderstorms from Saturday through Saturday evening. This corridor of storms is likely to remain focused along the Missouri/Arkansas border...however the more storms that develop along the boundary...the higher the potential for the boundary to sag farther south on Saturday. Went ahead with 40-60 POPS from northern to central Arkansas on Saturday to account for this set up. This type of environment supports a threat for flash flooding...however at this time the forcing looks a bit to weak to consider a flash flood watch. Will watch the evolution of this environment closely in the coming days. The largest source of uncertainty for this forecast period is what will happen to the shortwave trough on Sunday into Sunday night. Forecast model guidance indicates that the upper trough will intensify (depending on where you look) and almost become a cut off low by Sunday afternoon over the MO/AR border. The intensification of this trough may not take place though the strength of this trough appears to be dependent upon diabatic contributions which convective parameterizing models can struggle with when the primary diabatic contributer is latent heat release from convection. Taking a vertical cross section through the model depiction of the cut off low reveals a potential vorticity distribution characterized by a sudden intensification in mid-level PV and a sudden decrease in PV at the tropopause level. This signal is a classic depiction of the creation/destruction cycle of PV associated with latent heat release in the troposphere. It is certainly possible that the models are right with this forecast...but this process essentially means that a large and sustained cluster of convection is responsible for intensifying the "upper" trough. If that convection is misplaced or weaker than expected it will have a dramatic effect on the remainder of the forecast as the upper level trough will actually be much farther downstream. Because the boundary is expected to remain quasi-stationary on Sunday...favored the GFS forecast for an intensifying mid-level PV anomaly/trough with this forecast and kept POPs high across northern and central Arkansas on Sunday. Keep in mind that if convection is not as extensive or long-lived on Saturday that the Sunday convection will likely be displaced pretty far off to the southeast on Sunday. At any rate...the NAM/GFS/ECMWF all offer up a similar type of dynamic solution this weekend...with slight differences in timing and intensity of course. Assuming these models are accurate...another round of scattered to numerous showers and thunderstorms are likely across central and northern Arkansas Sunday into Sunday night. Monday through Thursday... With quite a bit of uncertainty in the forecast just this weekend... the forecast for showers and thunderstorms across Arkansas on Monday is fairly low at this time. The shortwave trough/mid-level PV anomaly should have moved east or southeast of Arkansas by Monday...so anticipate that the coverage of any showers or storms will be much lower on Monday compared to this weekend. If the boundary remains in tact this feature by itself could set off a focused area of showers and storms Monday afternoon. Kept POPs in the 20 to 30 percent range for now on Monday with highest confidence in the upper trough being off to the east limiting the coverage of precipitation. The remainder of the week looks to remain warm with low rain chances each day. Kept POPs in the 10 to 20 percent range each day for now with no synoptic features evident in the forecast near Arkansas for the middle of next week. && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... Batesville AR 95 78 94 75 / 40 30 40 30 Camden AR 97 77 96 78 / 20 20 10 20 Harrison AR 93 76 90 72 / 50 20 50 50 Hot Springs AR 96 79 95 77 / 20 20 20 30 Little Rock AR 96 78 96 78 / 20 20 20 30 Monticello AR 96 78 96 79 / 20 20 10 20 Mount Ida AR 95 78 93 75 / 20 20 20 30 Mountain Home AR 95 76 91 73 / 60 30 50 50 Newport AR 95 78 95 76 / 40 30 40 30 Pine Bluff AR 96 77 94 78 / 20 20 20 20 Russellville AR 98 77 94 76 / 30 20 20 40 Searcy AR 96 77 95 76 / 30 20 20 30 Stuttgart AR 96 77 95 78 / 20 20 20 20 && .LZK Watches/Warnings/Advisories... Heat Advisory until 8 PM CDT this evening FOR Arkansas-Bradley- Calhoun-Clark-Cleburne-Cleveland-Conway-Dallas-Desha-Drew- Faulkner-Garland-Grant-Hot Spring-Independence-Jackson-Jefferson- Johnson-Lincoln-Logan-Lonoke-Monroe-Montgomery-Ouachita-Perry- Pike-Polk-Pope-Prairie-Pulaski-Saline-Scott-Van Buren-White- Woodruff-Yell. && $$ Short Term...59 / Long Term...66
Area Forecast Discussion...Updated for Aviation National Weather Service Little Rock AR 1215 PM CDT THU JUL 7 2016 .AVIATION... Overall VFR flight conditions are expected. Patchy MVFR may be seen especially associated with showers or isolated thunderstorms. Winds are expected to be southeast to southwest at 10 to 20 mph with some gusts to around 25 mph in spots. After sunset, winds will lower to 5 to 15 mph. Tonight, isolated convection may be seen over northern Arkansas and affect KHRO and KBPK Tafs. Winds will lower to mainly below 10 mph. (59) && .Prev Discussion.../ Issued 1000 AM CDT THU JUL 7 2016 Earlier update to add scattered convection over northern AR. Complex over MO has helped develop this convection associated with short wave energy moving through the northwest upper flow. Breezy south to southwest winds of 10 to 20 with gusts to 25 mph across AR. Will monitor for possible lake wind advisory. Otherwise, temperatures will warm to the 90s today, and with the added humidity, heat index values will reach around 105 degrees. A heat advisory is in effect for most of AR except the northern areas. Late morning update will fine tune convection chances, possibly adding a bit more southern areas in slight chance area. (59) && .PREV DISCUSSION...(ISSUED 358 AM CDT THU JUL 7 2016 SHORT TERM...Today Through Friday Night Similar setup to yesterday across the region with surface high pressure in place to the southeast and low pressure noted across the Southern Plains. Two MCS`s noted across the region with the first impacting Tennessee/Kentucky and the second moving out of SE Nebraska into northeastern Kansas. Should see fewer impacts to the forecast area from upstream MCS in Kansas due to more northerly location and easterly trajectory. Early morning HRRR runs attempt to initiate some shower and thunderstorm activity across E Oklahoma with a weak shortwave in the mean flow and shift this activity toward Arkansas throughout the day. No activity has manifested itself as of 09z so will keep forecast dry attm though wouldn`t be surprised to see at least a few isolated showers develop. SW flow at the surface will be in place again today and winds will be enhanced due to increased pressure gradient. Wind speeds will likely be aoa 12-18mph with gusts as high as 25mph at times. The other notable mention of the day goes to heat index values across the state. With dewpoints in the 70s and temps cranking into the mid to upper 90s, another run at heat index values of 105 will be made this afternoon. Rain chances will be in place across mainly northern Arkansas on Friday as a surface boundary approaches from the NW. Additionally, the H500 pattern begins to show signs of transitioning to more of an active period with more of a NW flow expected. Will have to keep an eye on temps/heat indices Friday as heat indices could approach heat advisory levels once again across the southern half of the state. Could see chances for a more notable thunderstorm complex approaching the state from the northwest late Friday night. LONG TERM...Saturday Through Wednesday As a ridge of high pressure weakens over the southeast United States, a cold front will be allowed to drop through the Ohio and Tennessee Valleys during the upcoming weekend. The front may actually make it into northeast Arkansas. Isolated to scattered showers and thunderstorms are in the forecast. Given more clouds, it will be slightly cooler. A few storms may be severe as the front nears the region. Damaging winds and hail will be the main concerns. An organized severe weather event is not expected at this point. Heavy downpours in the northeast half of the state may result in localized flash flooding. Heading into early next week, a big trough of low pressure will be noted out west. This will cause ridging farther east, and the front will be forced to move away from Arkansas to the north. The heat will return, and precipitation chances will decrease. Temperatures will be near to a little above average for much of the period. Readings may be a touch below average toward the Missouri border this weekend near the aforementioned front. && .LZK Watches/Warnings/Advisories... Heat Advisory from 10 AM this morning to 8 PM CDT this evening FOR Arkansas-Bradley-Calhoun-Clark-Cleburne-Cleveland-Conway- Dallas-Desha-Drew-Faulkner-Garland-Grant-Hot Spring-Independence- Jackson-Jefferson-Johnson-Lincoln-Logan-Lonoke-Monroe-Montgomery- Ouachita-Perry-Pike-Polk-Pope-Prairie-Pulaski-Saline-Scott-Van Buren-White-Woodruff-Yell. && $$ Aviation...226
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS LOS ANGELES/OXNARD CA
324 PM PDT FRI JUL 8 2016 ...Updated to include fire weather discussion... .SYNOPSIS... The onshore flow over the coast and some valleys will bring an overnight marine layer into next week...that should clear by the afternoons. Breezy winds may occur in the mountains and deserts into Monday. The near normal afternoon temperatures will persist through Monday...with overnight lows above normal. A high should build in from Tuesday to Thursday for a slow warming trend. Then a low system may approach by the weekend. && .SHORT TERM...(TDY-MON) A low pressure system currently just west of Vancouver will drop into Oregon tomorrow with a dry trough extending into central California...then move eastward through Monday. Northwest winds will strengthen Saturday night through Sunday night as a result. Southern Santa Barbara County will likely need a wind advisory Saturday night through Sunday night...while the LA Mountains and the Antelope Valley should need one for late Sunday afternoon and night. Gusts into the 50 mph range are likely in these areas during the wind peak Sunday night. Monday will also see some breezy northwest winds...but should be the weakest of the next three days. Stratus coverage and temperatures on Saturday should be similar to today...save for less stratus over SBA and SLO counties thanks to the dry front passage and the SMX-BFL pressure gradient significantly weakening by 3 mb. The Northwest flow will likely keep most of Ventura and southern SBA counties stratus clear Sunday and Monday...while a strong coastal eddy will push clouds to the coastal slopes in LA County with some spits of drizzle possible. The Central Coast stratus remains a tough call on Sunday...but should be mostly cloud-free on Monday as breezy northeast flow forms in the morning. All of this adds up to a mixed bag of temperature trends with the winds and stratus evolution being the main drivers. .LONG TERM...(TUE-FRI) An upper level ridge of high pressure currently over north-central Mexico will expand into California Tuesday through Thursday. This will bring a gradual warming trend to the region...with interior valleys approaching 100 degrees by Wednesday or Thursday. LA and Ventura County coastal and valley areas should also see warming with the air mass change and likely shrinking of the marine layer. SBA and SLO counties on the other hand will see a ceasing of the northwest flow and a return to onshore flow...which should increase stratus coverage and largely neutralize the warming trend. Both the GFS and ECMWF are advertising a weak trough dropping down into California by as early as Friday...which would enhance the marine layer and usher in some modest cooling. The GFS ensemble members are in very good agreement with this timing especially considering how far out this is...so did start the cooling trend in the forecast. && .AVIATION...08/18Z. Upper level ridge of high pressure centered south of the area will shift north while a trough of low pressure approaches Northern California. And a mid level trough of low pressure over the area will persist. Upper level moderate west-southwest winds will prevail while mid level light southwest winds become light west after 09/22z. Moderate onshore pressure gradient through 09/04z and after 09/20z otherwise weak mixed northerly and onshore gradient. Marine capping inversion at LAX was approximately 2.3kft and VBG 2kft this morning and will differ by minus .3kft LAX and minus 1kft VBG Saturday morning. Broken to overcast low level cloud field is expected to be broken Saturday morning. Marine layer at LAX at 1500Z is 2293 feet deep and the inversion top is at 4764 feet with a temp of 20.6 degrees C. KLAX...chance cigs 010-012 between 09/06-09/18z. KBUR...chance cigs 012 after 09/12z. virtually certain - 95-100% very likely - 80-95% likely - 60-80% chance - 30-60% very unlikely - 20% OR LESS && .MARINE...08/200 PM... Will continue with the gale watch for increasing northwest winds. Northwest winds will likely increase Saturday afternoon and peak Sunday in strength as well as areal coverage from Piedras Blancas to San Nicolas Island. Otherwise small craft advisory for gusts to 25 kt will exist in the meantime. Northwest winds will diminish Monday but there is a chance SCA for hazardous sea conditions as well as for northwest gusts to 25 kt through Wednesday. Extra currents and surging along exposed south facing shores will exist from swells originating from tropical cyclones Blas and Celia and from the Southern Ocean through the period. TC Blas was currently 1200 miles southwest of L.A. County and will weaken while moving west-northwest today. Swell originating from Blas had arrived thursday and will peak today and linger through Saturday. Swells generated by Celia are expected to begin to arrive next week Wednesday. && .FIRE WEATHER... 08/300 PM... Elevated fire danger will continue across interior sections through the weekend. For this afternoon, the gusty onshore winds will mostly be focused across the Antelope Valley and Los Angeles County mountains. Over the weekend, west to north winds are expected to become more widespread across interior sections, including gusty sundowner winds across the western portions of the Santa Barbara south coast and Santa Ynez mountains. Saturday afternoon through Saturday night, wind gusts between 35 and 45 mph will be common across the mountains, Antelope Valley, and western portions of the SBA South Coast, then potentially ramping up to between 40 and 50 mph on Sunday afternoon and night. On Saturday, humidities will generally remain above 20 percent with the exception of the Antelope Valley where values in the teens can be expected. By Sunday afternoon and evening, more widespread humidities falling into the teens (and possibly single digits across higher mountains) can be expected across interior sections bringing the potential for critical fire weather conditions. The greatest threat of critical conditions exceeding 6 hours will be the mountains and Antelope Valley on Sunday afternoon and evening, where a fire weather watch has been posted. && .LOX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... CA...Fire Weather Watch in effect from Sunday afternoon through late Sunday night For zones 252>254. (See LAXRFWLOX). Fire Weather Watch in effect from Sunday morning through Sunday evening For zone 259. (See LAXRFWLOX). PZ...Small Craft Advisory in effect until 3 PM PDT Saturday For zones 645-670-673-676. (See LAXMWWLOX). Gale Watch in effect from Saturday afternoon through late Sunday night For zones 645-670-673-676. (See LAXMWWLOX). && $$ PUBLIC...Kittell FIRE...Gomberg AVIATION...30 MARINE...30 SYNOPSIS...Sukup weather.gov/losangeles
  [top] Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service San Francisco Bay Area 312 PM PDT FRI JUL 8 2016 .SYNOPSIS...Onshore flow and a deep marine layer will remain in place through Saturday, with temperatures continuing well below seasonal norms. Low cloudiness and patchy fog will spread back well inland tonight. Approach of the tail end of a cold frontal system moving into the Pacific Northwest will likely lead to some enhancement of the coastal drizzle overnight into Saturday morning, and also bring a slight chance of showers north of about Pt Reyes. Breezy conditions are expected Saturday afternoon and evening, and again on Sunday, in the wake of the frontal passage. Dry weather and a modest warming trend then look to be in store for our area the first part of next week, as an upper level ridge of high pressure slowly rebuilds over California. && .DISCUSSION...as of 02:50 PM PDT Friday...Aside from a few areas of lingering coastal stratus, primarily from the vicinity of the Golden Gate southward to around Half Moon Bay, sunny conditions prevail districtwide. Clearing of the low cloudiness occurred a bit faster than yesterday, and in conjunction with some diminishment in the onshore pressure gradient, resulted in modest warming of afternoon temperatures especially in the North and East Bay valleys. The 2 pm temperatures at Concord and Livermore Airports were 84F and 81F, respectively 8 and 6 deg warmer than the same time Thursday. Consistent with this, latest data from both the Bodega Bay and Ft Ord profilers show some diminishment of the marine layer, though still maintaining a depth of about 1500 ft. An unseasonably deep upper level low now centered about 500 miles west of Seattle will continue moving southeastward towards the northern Oregon coast. Models are in generally good agreement in projecting that the tail end of its associated cold front will dissipate as it brushes into the far northwestern part of our CWA late tonight and Saturday morning. Consistent with latest model output RH and QPF, and noting ECMWF MOS 12-hr KSTS POP of 16 for 12Z Sat to 00Z Sun, have introduced a slight chance of showers for the coast and coastal hills north of about Pt Reyes Saturday morning. Of potentially greater significance however is the ramp- up in the marine layer likely to occur as this disturbance approaches, potentially resulting in more substantial coastal drizzle late tonight into Saturday morning. Although precip totals would remain quite small, it could be sufficient to lead to locally slick wet surfaces on roadways. Saturday looks to be a bit cooler than today, and the coolest day of either the previous or next several days. Widespread low cloudiness and patchy fog is expected for the morning hours, locally lingering into the afternoon around the Bays. Also expect onshore winds to pick up as the day progresses with locally breezy conditions by late afternoon continuing into the evening hours. Sunday and on into the first part of next week, a modest warming trend is expected, primarily inland areas, as as an upper level ridge of high pressure begins to slowly rebuild over California. This should also lead to some shallowing of the marine layer, and diminishment of the night and morning inland extension of the coastal stratus. && .AVIATION...As of 11:00 AM PDT Friday...Clouds have burned off in many spots earlier than forecast. Satellite shows a rapid decrease over the past hour, so would expect VFR to happen in most spots. Looking at IFR CIGs to return tonight. Moderate confidence. Vicinity of KSFO...Conditions rapidly improving with VFR now expected just after 18Z. Winds of 270 to 290 through the period gusts close to 30 KT from 22Z to 04Z. Moderate to high confidence. SFO Bridge Approach...Approach now clear. Should remain VFR until around 04Z. Otherwise similar to KSFO. Monterey Bay Terminals...Clouds quickly dissipating now with VFR forecast 19Z to around 23Z. Winds generally 270 to 290 with speeds to 12 KT for the afternoon into the evening. Moderate confidence. && .MARINE...as of 2:34 PM PDT Friday...Surface high pressure over the eastern pacific will will gradually rebuild on Saturday. A weak cold front will slide south over the coastal waters during the day with stronger winds expected going into Sunday. A mixed northwest and southwest swell will continue to move through the coastal waters through the forecast period. && .MTR WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... .Tngt...SCA...Pt Pinos to Pt Piedras Blancas 0-10 nm SCA...SF Bay until 11 PM && $$ PUBLIC FORECAST: Blier AVIATION: Bell MARINE: Bell Visit us at www.weather.gov/sanfrancisco Follow us on Facebook and twitter at: www.Facebook.com/nwsbayarea www.twitter.com/nwsbayarea
  [top] Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Sacramento CA 238 PM PDT FRI JUL 8 2016 .Synopsis...An upper level low pressure system will continue to bring below normal temperatures this weekend with breezy conditions and slight chances for rain showers in the northern Sacramento Valley. Temperatures will warm back to normal with dry conditions by the start of the work week. .Discussion...Water vapor imagery and RAP model 500 mb analysis indicated a trough of low pressure positioned in the eastern Pacific just off the coast of the Pacific Northwest this afternoon. A general trough pattern is present across the west coast, and a band of showers has developed in front of the approaching system with some increasing clouds. Radar returns have been light today, and no lightning has been detected as a result of weak instability. Chances for showers will continue this evening and stay confined to Shasta and Lassen counties. Model forecasts are in good agreement with bringing the positively- tilted trough onshore this weekend, which will continue to bring below normal temperatures to NorCal and slight chances for showers in the northern portions of the Sacramento Valley. The base of the trough will move through Sunday, which will gradually end rain shower chances. Temperatures will rebound to near normal on Monday and continue through the week. Chances for rain will be minimal under stable upper level conditions. .EXTENDED DISCUSSION (Tuesday THROUGH Friday) Little change next week as fairly flat ridging brings dry weather and near normal high temperatures with dry weather. Delta breeze influenced areas should see relatively cool nights and mornings, with near normal lows elsewhere. EK/Dang && .AVIATION... Mainly VFR conditions the next 24 hours. Isolated -SHRA will be possible north of KRDD through Saturday. Marine stratus will likely reach the Delta region again tonight. South to west winds 5-15 kt will continue into Saturday. Dang && .STO Watches/Warnings/Advisories... None. && $$
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS LOS ANGELES/OXNARD CA
132 PM PDT FRI JUL 8 2016 .SYNOPSIS... Night through morning low clouds and patchy fog will likely continue to affect many coastal and some valley areas into the weekend, with near or slightly below normal temperatures. Low pressure passing to the north Saturday night into Sunday will produce gusty sundowner winds in Santa Barbara County. Warming is likely for inland areas next week as high pressure builds aloft. && .SHORT TERM...(TDY-MON) A low pressure system currently just west of Vancouver will drop into Oregon tomorrow with a dry trough extending into central California...then move eastward through Monday. Northwest winds will strengthen Saturday night through Sunday night as a result. Southern Santa Barbara County will likely need a wind advisory Saturday night through Sunday night...while the LA Mountains and the Antelope Valley should need one for late Sunday afternoon and night. Gusts into the 50 mph range are likely in these areas during the wind peak Sunday night. Monday will also see some breezy northwest winds...but should be the weakest of the next three days. Stratus coverage and temperatures on Saturday should be similar to today...save for less stratus over SBA and SLO counties thanks to the dry front passage and the SMX-BFL pressure gradient significantly weakening by 3 mb. The Northwest flow will likely keep most of Ventura and southern SBA counties stratus clear Sunday and Monday...while a strong coastal eddy will push clouds to the coastal slopes in LA County with some spits of drizzle possible. The Central Coast stratus remains a tough call on Sunday...but should be mostly cloud-free on Monday as breezy northeast flow forms in the morning. All of this adds up to a mixed bag of temperature trends with the winds and stratus evolution being the main drivers. .LONG TERM...(TUE-FRI) An upper level ridge of high pressure currently over north-central Mexico will expand into California Tuesday through Thursday. This will bring a gradual warming trend to the region...with interior valleys approaching 100 degrees by Wednesday or Thursday. LA and Ventura County coastal and valley areas should also see warming with the air mass change and likely shrinking of the marine layer. SBA and SLO counties on the other hand will see a ceasing of the northwest flow and a return to onshore flow...which should increase stratus coverage and largely neutralize the warming trend. Both the GFS and ECMWF are advertising a weak trough dropping down into California by as early as Friday...which would enhance the marine layer and usher in some modest cooling. The GFS ensemble members are in very good agreement with this timing especially considering how far out this is...so did start the cooling trend in the forecast. && .AVIATION...08/18Z. Upper level ridge of high pressure centered south of the area will shift north while a trough of low pressure approaches Northern California. And a mid level trough of low pressure over the area will persist. Upper level moderate west-southwest winds will prevail while mid level light southwest winds become light west after 09/22z. Moderate onshore pressure gradient through 09/04z and after 09/20z otherwise weak mixed northerly and onshore gradient. Marine capping inversion at LAX was approximately 2.3kft and VBG 2kft this morning and will differ by minus .3kft LAX and minus 1kft VBG Saturday morning. Broken to overcast low level cloud field is expected to be broken Saturday morning. Marine layer at LAX at 1500Z is 2293 feet deep and the inversion top is at 4764 feet with a temp of 20.6 degrees C. KLAX...chance cigs 010-012 between 09/06-09/18z. KBUR...chance cigs 012 after 09/12z. virtually certain - 95-100% very likely - 80-95% likely - 60-80% chance - 30-60% very unlikely - 20% OR LESS && .MARINE...08/200 PM. Will continue with the gale watch for increasing northwest winds. Northwest winds will likely increase Saturday afternoon and peak Sunday in strength as well as areal coverage from Piedras Blancas to San Nicolas Island. Otherwise small craft advisory for gusts to 25 kt will exist in the meantime. Northwest winds will diminish Monday but there is a chance SCA for hazardous sea conditions as well as for northwest gusts to 25 kt through Wednesday. Extra currents and surging along exposed south facing shores will exist from swells originating from tropical cyclones Blas and Celia and from the Southern Ocean through the period. TC Blas was currently 1200 miles southwest of L.A. County and will weaken while moving west-northwest today. Swell originating from Blas had arrived thursday and will peak today and linger through Saturday. Swells generated by Celia are expected to begin to arrive next week Wednesday. && .LOX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... CA...Fire Weather Watch in effect from Sunday afternoon through late Sunday night For zones 252>254. (See LAXRFWLOX). Fire Weather Watch in effect from Sunday morning through Sunday evening For zone 259. (See LAXRFWLOX). PZ...Small Craft Advisory in effect until 3 PM PDT Saturday For zones 645-670-673-676. (See LAXMWWLOX). Gale Watch in effect from Saturday afternoon through late Sunday night For zones 645-670-673-676. (See LAXMWWLOX). && $$ PUBLIC...Kittell AVIATION...30 MARINE...30 SYNOPSIS...Sukup weather.gov/losangeles
Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Phoenix AZ 125 PM MST FRI JUL 8 2016 && .SYNOPSIS... A dry and stable airmass will remain across much of the desert southwest through next week, giving the region a significant break in the monsoon, with little or no chance for rainfall. Afternoon temperatures on the lower deserts will remain near, or a few degrees above normal through the period. && .DISCUSSION... Tonight through Saturday... Increasing westerly flow ahead of a deep upper trof is expected to continue to scour out any remaining monsoon moisture over extreme se and eastern AZ during this period. The latest HRRR model run keeps all convective activity confined to areas to the south and east of Tucson and over the white Mountains, well outside of our cwa this afternoon/evening, with even less activity on tap on Saturday. 500 mb heights in the 593-595 dm range, 500 mb temps in the -4C to -5C range, along with mostly clear skies will allow temperatures to rise a bit above normal again on Saturday, with lower desert highs mostly in the 108-112 degree range. Sunday through next Friday... Further drying is expected across the region during this period as a very deep, and cold upper low center (for July) moves across the Northern Rockies during the early part of next week, bringin a chance for some rare mid-summer snowfall to the higher elevations of MT/WY. To the south of this low center, a band of anomalously strong westerlies are expected to move across the Great Basin/northern AZ region Sun-Tue. 700mb winds are expected to reach 30 kts, or even greater across parts of northern AZ, which are in the 99% (or higher) climatological percentile for this time of year, according to the NAEFS percentile tables. The main impact from this belt of very strong winds will be to mix drier air down to the sfc across the region, with sfc dewpoints likely falling into the 30s, or even 20s across most of our cwa. The dry airmass, combined with a bit of cooling aloft will likely allow many outlying lower desert locations to see lows in the 70s each night. These cooler temperatures, combined with the lower RH`s will result in the nights feeling noticeably more pleasant than what we typically see this time of year. Highs will be near, or just a bit above normal, mostly in the 105-110 degree range across the lower deserts. PWATS across the region will also be well below normal, in the 0.50-0.75 inch range, which is 1-2 SD below normal. Needless to say, chances for rainfall/thunderstorms during this entire period will be basically at zero, as our extended break in the monsoon continues. && .AVIATION... South-Central Arizona including KPHX, KIWA and KSDL: Generally clear skies to continue with some afternoon high based cu mainly situated over the high terrain to the east. Winds will follow typical diurnal patterns with occasionally gusty afternoon westerlies. Southeast California/Southwest Arizona including KIPL and KBLH: Southerly winds through the afternoon with winds shifting westerly at KIPL this evening. Winds will be breezy at KBLH this afternoon, but gusts should mostly remain less than 20 kts. Skies to remain clear. Aviation discussion not updated for amended TAFs. && .FIRE WEATHER... Sunday through Thursday... Unusually dry conditions to settle over the area throughout the weekend lasting through much of next week. With temperatures hovering near a warm seasonal average, minimum afternoon humidity levels will fall to around 10% over lower elevations, and 15-20% in higher terrain. Overnight recovery will only be fair. Occasionally breezy southwest afternoon winds will affect the region, however speeds will remain well below any critical thresholds. Overall, weather conditions will mirror a typical early/mid June versus mid July. && .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... Spotter activation is not expected. && .PSR WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... AZ...None. CA...None. && $$ Visit us on Facebook...Twitter...and at weather.gov/phoenix DISCUSSION...Percha AVIATION...Kuhlman FIRE WEATHER...Kuhlman
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
National Weather Service Topeka KS
301 PM CDT FRI JUL 8 2016 .SHORT TERM...(This Evening through Saturday) Issued at 256 PM CDT FRI JUL 8 2016 Despite some morning clouds and an easterly wind across the area, temperatures have risen into the upper 80s to near 90, save the far south which is still holding in the lower 80s as clouds continue there. Several small waves noted in the flow, one of which is approaching central kansas at this hour. Experimental HRRR has a relatively reasonable solution that brings the MCV into the CWA and interacts with an outflow moving up from the south out of earlier convection, and brings a round of showers and thunderstorms across western and southern areas later this afternoon into the evening. Wind fields are weak, although CAPE could be enough to generate some wind with storms that develop. LLJ is only around 25kts overnight, but may redevelop storms over central/south central Kansas overnight and move eastward across mainly our southern counties. Only carrying slight chance to low chance PoPs given coverage and uncertainty. Lows tonight forecast near 70 with highs on Saturday in the upper 80s to low 90s. .LONG TERM...(Saturday Night through Friday) Issued at 256 PM CDT FRI JUL 8 2016 No major changes made in the extended with still some variances in model guidance on timing and coverage of precipitation. Best chances for seeing more widespread showers and thunderstorms will be with the arrival of a cold front on Tuesday. More details below. Temporary ridging aloft Saturday night and Sunday should keep much of the area dry. Strong upper trough across the Inter Mountain West deepens a lee trough over the Rockies Sunday and Monday, increasing southerly winds at 10 to 15 mph sustained in the afternoon. Gusts up to 30 mph are possible, alleviating slightly the hot and humid conditions with readings in the lower and middle 90s. The aforementioned upper trough ejects over the northern plains Monday evening and Tuesday, surging the cold front into north central KS in the overnight hours. Guidance continues to exhibit high confidence in this scenario and have raised pops into the likely category near the KS and NE border. Ample mixed layer CAPE and effective shear parameters near 40 kts could develop a few strong to severe storms over north central areas. This activity pushes south and east on Tuesday, spreading chances towards the entire CWA. Models differ some Tuesday evening onward as the frontal boundary hangs up across the area. Subtle impulses embedded within the northwesterly flow aloft signals multiple rounds of thunderstorms, especially on Wednesday evening. Temps hover near normal values in the lower 90s for highs and low 70s for overnight lows, likely to drop into the 80s by the end of the period as the frontal boundary shifts south of the area. && .AVIATION...(For the 18Z TAFS through 18Z Saturday Afternoon) Issued at 1226 PM CDT FRI JUL 8 2016 Low confidence in convection for this TAF cycle, but enough of a signal in several models to at least get a tempo group for late this afternoon, with shra/ts developing over central KS attm. Winds east shift slowly south and will be variable from storms and outflow in the area. && .TOP Watches/Warnings/Advisories... NONE. && $$ SHORT TERM...67 LONG TERM...Prieto AVIATION...67
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
National Weather Service Topeka KS
1227 PM CDT FRI JUL 8 2016 ...Update to aviation forecast discussion... .SHORT TERM...(Today and Tonight) Issued at 326 AM CDT FRI JUL 8 2016 An amplified upper level trough across the upper midwest early this morning will move east across the eastern Great Lakes Tonight. The upper flow across eastern KS will weaken and shift to the northwest through Tonight as an upper level ridge amplifies across the high plains. At the surface a weak cold front front extended from northwest MO, southwest through Topeka, then west southwest across western KS. An out flow boundary extended from northwest OK, northeast into south central KS, then extended east across southeast KS. North of the boundary a few showers and thunderstorms continued to develop across southeast KS early this morning. A complex of storms that developed across the northern TX PNHDL has amplified an MCV across southwest KS. Most models show the weak front becoming stationary south of the CWA through the mid morning hours with frontolysis occurring through the afternoon hours across western KS. The NAM and GFS models show the MCV over southwest KS shifting east across the southern counties of the CWA through the late morning and afternoon hours which may provide enough ascent for showers and thunderstorms to develop. If these solution are accurate, then there will be chances for showers and thunderstorms south of I-70, beginning across the southwest counties during the late morning hours and expanding east across the southern half of the CWA during the early and mid afternoon hours. The mesocale models, such as the HRRR, WRF and RAP show the MCV weakening and no precip developing through the day. Highs today will reach the upper 80s to lower 90s with heat indices in the mid to upper 90s Tonight, all the numerical models show that any complex of storms that develop across eastern CO during the evening hours will track southeast across southwest KS into northern OK. There could be enough isentropic lift after mid night on the northern and eastern edge of the deeper moisture return across central and western KS for scattered elevate thunderstorms to develop across the southwest and southern counties of the CWA. .LONG TERM...(Saturday through Thursday) Issued at 326 AM CDT FRI JUL 8 2016 The weekend will see slight chance POPs over the area to begin with. Weak isentropic lift sets up in the morning over northeastern Kansas on Saturday as weak shortwaves pass overhead into the day. Forcing is weak overall, so much of this could just result in enhanced cloud cover rather than any widespread showers and isolated thunderstorms. There will still be plenty of instability with dewpoints still forecast to be in the upper 60s and low 70s. As a North Pac Low deepens and digs into the Pacific Northwest, mid to upper level ridging will amplify over the Central and Northern Plains into Sunday and should see mainly dry conditions set up over the region with good mixing into the afternoon. Therefore, expecting temps to rise into the low and possibly mid 90s. This will bring heat index values up to around or into the low 100s. Not anticipating headlines at this time for an advisory though. It may be something to watch if we can hold off more cloud cover and temps rise a bit more. Monday into the Monday night time frame, the North Pac Low will deepen and take on a negative tilt as it lifts into the Northern Plains. A modified cold boundary will move into the Central Plains and stall out as this system lifts into Central Canada. Greatest chance POPs will likely be overnight Monday as the best shear zone advects overhead with the mean trough. At least this appears to be the best chance for any organized storms to form. A strong EML will have also set up over the Central Plains, so it may be too capped for development to take place, but mainly elevated storms look like the best possibility which if they form could create some strong gusty winds and hail. Still difficult to eliminate precip chances out of subsequent periods as quasi-zonal flow regime sets up and weak impulses traverse overhead. Still looks like possibility remains for off and on showers and storms into the Friday time frame with a stationary boundary likely lingering over the Central Plains into the Mid-MS Valley. With no strong movement in the overall pattern, expecting temps to remain seasonal with heat index values around the upper 90s and 100 degree mark. && .AVIATION...(For the 18Z TAFS through 18Z Saturday Afternoon) Issued at 1226 PM CDT FRI JUL 8 2016 Low confidence in convection for this TAF cycle, but enough of a signal in several models to at least get a tempo group for late this afternoon, with shra/ts developing over central KS attm. Winds east shift slowly south and will be variable from storms and outflow in the area. && .TOP Watches/Warnings/Advisories... NONE. && $$ SHORT TERM...Gargan LONG TERM...Drake AVIATION...67
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
National Weather Service New Orleans LA
406 PM CDT FRI JUL 8 2016 .Discussion... Current upper level synopsis shows a ridge centered near the northern Texas panhandle and a trough over the eastern third of the country. A surface inflection of the Bermuda ridge does extend across Florida to the western Gulf of Mexico. Current convection has already begun to wane and will diminish over the next few hours with loss of daytime heating. Many locations did get a brief cool down from showers and storms but that soil moisture may convert back into higher dewpoints overnight. Even though New Orleans dropped below 80 for the first time in several days after a thunderstorm today (it has since warmed back into the upper 80s) not sure the temperature will fall below 80 tonight. Decided to hold off on re-issuing the heat advisory to allow overnight shift to monitor lows in addition to thinking that there will be more coverage tomorrow. And speaking of the forecast Saturday...the upper ridge to the west that extends over the CWA will begin to weaken locally and retrograde westward. This decreased subsidence with possibly slightly more column moisture should result in more numerous showers and thunderstorms. This will moreso be the case going into Sunday as a weak trough develops from the Tennessee Valley, extending southwestward towards the CWA. Thus have increased pops on both days this weekend to 20- 40% Saturday and 50% Sunday. Not much change expected throughout next week in terms of rain chances. Daily afternoon pops should be 30-40% each day the local area will be under a shear zone between Bermuda ridge that moves into the western Atlantic and a trough moving east across the northern half of the country. MEFFER && .AVIATION... VFR conditions are expected to dominate for the rest of this afternoon through Saturday morning. The only exceptions will be briefly lower conditions due isolated SHRA/TSRA, affecting KMSY, KNEW, KASD, KGPT and KHUM mainly through 23z. There may also be another round of MVFR to IFR conditions due to BR/light fog at KMCB late tonight/early Saturday morning. && .MARINE... Bermuda surface ridge extending across the Gulf of Mexico will keep flow onshore throughout the forecast period. The local coastal waters will continue to see the typical diurnal wind increase/decrease as nocturnal winds rise to 10 to 15 knots which will carry over into the morning hours and then drop down the rest of the day closer to 10 knots or slightly less. This should continue into the weekend. Nocturnal sh/ts will also develop during the late night and early morning hours through the next several days. Winds will begin to shift to a more SE direction by Sunday as the ridge shifts northward. && .DECISION SUPPORT... DSS code: Green. Deployed: None. Activation: None. Activities: None. Decision Support Services (DSS) Code Legend Green = No weather impacts that require action. Blue = Long-fused watch, warning, or advisory in effect or high visibility event. Yellow = Heightened impacts with short-fused watch, warning or advisory issuances; radar support. Orange = High Impacts; Slight to Moderate risk severe; nearby tropical events; HazMat or other large episodes. Red = Full engagement for Moderate risk of severe and/or direct tropical threats; Events of National Significance. && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... MCB 76 93 74 94 / 10 20 20 50 BTR 77 94 76 94 / 10 20 10 50 ASD 79 94 76 93 / 10 40 20 50 MSY 81 94 79 92 / 10 40 10 50 GPT 80 92 76 91 / 10 30 20 40 PQL 78 93 76 94 / 10 30 20 40 && .LIX Watches/Warnings/Advisories... LA...Heat Advisory until 7 PM CDT this evening for LAZ060>064. GM...None. MS...None. GM...None. && $$
  [top] Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Shreveport LA 337 PM CDT FRI JUL 8 2016 .DISCUSSION... The upper air ridge across the ARKLATEX late this afternoon is gradually breaking down/shifting East away from the region, courtesy of upper air troughiness draped from the Great Lakes Region to across the Central Plains. Although the ridge is doing a decent job at keeping storm chances at bay, as shown by sea- breeze convection having been confined to Southern LA, but can not rule out a few showers making it to central LA later this aftn. Furthermore, will also need to pay close attention to Eastward propagating thunderstorm activity that have been plaguing portions of the Central Plains and mid-Mississippi Valley most of the day, aided by a nearby cold front. If an outflow boundary shift South towards the region, it could serve as a focus for CI later this aftn/early evening as hinted at by the HRRR solution. Tonight appears to be the slightly better opportunity for precipitation especially for the Northern zones, as the Southern periphery of the UA trough swings across the area and provide a bit of large scale ascent. Otherwise, slightly gusty South to Southwest winds have prompted temps to warm into the 90s or 2 or so degrees above normal. Lack of beneficial rainfall within the last few weeks and a downslope wind component thus keeping temps hot, will lead to soils continuing its drying effects. This is especially seen across the Western zones as dewpoints are a few degrees lower than this time yesterday afternoon. It is still going to take some time for significant drying to take place but the process is underway. As the upper air ridge shifts to the Southeast CONUS this weekend, Northwest flow aloft will prevail and embedded disturbances within the flow aloft along with a slowly Southward sagging cold front, will lead to the return of precipitation chances, particularly across Northern and Eastern zones. The ridge is anticipated to make a return early next week thus encouraging the retreat of the nearby frontal boundary and hence diminishing chances for significant widespread precipitation. The only precipitation potential will be diurnally driven sea-breeze convection mid-late week as hinted at by long term solutions. Temperatures will remain at/above normal throughout the extended forecast though humidities will ever so slightly be lowering. So the question begs as to whether or not to extend the Heat Advisory beyond today. Highest dewpoints were noted across the Eastern zones late this aftn, coinciding with the highest heat indices and where a portion of the Heat Advisory is currently in effect. Tomorrow, temperatures may be a few degrees cooler than today /albeit still warm/ given the exiting ua ridge corresponding to lowering 500 mb height fields. The soils will continue to dry and so will the humidity. Will therefore hold off on extending the Heat Advisory attm, but can not rule out heat indices still hovering around/slightly above 100 degrees across the Eastern zones. .AVIATION... VFR conditions will continue to dominate the aviation forecast over the next 24 hrs. Some early morning low clouds ceilings may be observed in Deep East Texas...but elsewhere they will be scattered. Widely scattered shra/tsra activity may affect our Arkansas terminals tomorrow afternoon...but at this time the chances are too low to mention in the taf. Southerly winds will continue to prevail through the period. /11/ && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... SHV 77 95 77 96 / 10 10 10 20 MLU 77 94 76 94 / 10 30 20 30 DEQ 76 93 75 93 / 20 30 20 30 TXK 77 95 77 94 / 20 20 20 30 ELD 77 94 76 94 / 20 30 20 30 TYR 77 96 77 96 / 10 10 10 10 GGG 77 96 77 96 / 10 10 10 10 LFK 77 95 77 96 / 0 20 0 10 && .SHV Watches/Warnings/Advisories... AR...Heat Advisory until 7 PM CDT this evening for ARZ072-073. LA...Heat Advisory until 7 PM CDT this evening for LAZ001>006-010>014- 017>022. OK...None. TX...Heat Advisory until 7 PM CDT this evening for TXZ151>153-165>167. && $$ 29/11